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    ACOUSTIC NOISE POLLUTION FROM MARINE INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES: EXPOSURE AND IMPACTS
    (2018) Kuşku, Halit; Yiğit, Murat; Ergün, Sebahattin; Yiğit, Ümüt; Taylor, Nic
    The improvements in marine technological developments propagate urbanization in the ocean environment. The construction or operational activities of marine structures such as energy plants,oil platforms, pipe-lines, sea-tunnel passages, or cable-stayed suspension bridges, and vessel traffic are sources of underwater noise pollution. How underwater sounds such as piling, pole drilling,or machinery noises may affect the marine live is mostly ignored in marine construction, and thereis lack of information regarding underwater sound effects on marine live in the oceans. Recently,a remarkable interest is developing concerning underwater sound effects, especially in aquaculturefacilities, with experimentation of musical stimuli or various noises caused by pumps or filter systems on behavior and stress responses of fish in culture conditions. With the increase of urbanization and progressive development of marine industries, more and more pressure from human-generated (anthropogenic) underwater sound pollution may threaten marine mammals, fish speciesand invertebrates from underwater noises that in terms might be called as “Underwater Noise Pollution”. The future of marine life and that of human being, and the dramatic increase of underwatersound pollution is a new debate that needs to be controlled in a sustainable way with environmentsound approaches. Therefore the potential effects of various sound sources derived from marineindustrial activities have been reviewed in this study.
  • Küçük Resim
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    Analysis of the economic performance of salmon farming in submerged and surface cages in the Black Sea
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Yiğit, Umut; Yiğit, Murat; Ergün, Sebahattin; Kuşku, Halit; Ek, Hüseyin; Maita, Masashi
    The production period for salmon farming in the Black Sea comprises the winter period and is limited to seven months, due to high water temperatures during the summer time. As an alternative strategy, temporary cage submersion during the summer season might be a solution for salmon grow-out throughout the year. Therefore, this study was conducted for comparative evaluation of economic performance of submerged and surface cages, by analyzing structural costs and returns for Turkish salmon farming in the Black Sea. As a result of the temporary cage submersion strategy, economic profits increased by nearly 70%, granting higher values of financial indicators with increased net profit (685,652.5 $ year−1) and margin of safety (89.6%), compared to the traditional surface cage (397,058.5 $ year−1 net profit and 88.4% margin of safety). The “What-if” analysis showed that profits from both cage systems were sensitive to variations in sale price, and the simulation by 10% reduced export market value may decrease revenues, with less financial profit loss for the submerged cage over the surface once. Hence, temporary cage submersion seems to be an alternative farm management strategy with extended production cycle and higher profits for the sustainable development of Turkish salmon farming in the Black Sea.
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    Öğe
    Biological control of invasive zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in a freshwater ecosystem through Potamon ibericum
    (2022) Kuşku, Halit
    In the present study, possible effects of using Potamon ibericum for the prevention of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) invasion in a freshwater ecosystem were investigated. In a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) supplied with aerated freshwater, 3 individuals of P. ibericum were placed in each of 3 aquariums provided by 100 zebra mussels. Throughout the 90-day monitoring study, mussel consumption was visually counted and then new mussels were introduced daily to complete the number of mussels to hundred, repeatedly each day. Throughout the monitoring study, growth rates, number of mussels consumed, and the number of broken mussel shell pieces were determined. Daily consumption rate of mussels by each crab was recorded as 11.115, 11.104, and 11.107 mussel/crab in the 3 experimental groups, respectively. The consumption rate of mussels per crab was counted as 999.78 over the 90-days experiment. As a result, the findings of this study provide strong evidence that P. ibericum can be used for biological control to combat zebra mussel (D. polymorpha) invasion in a freshwater ecosystem.
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    Öğe
    Effects of Exposure Time of Sonication on Physical Dispersal of Mucilage: A Preliminary Study
    (2022) Kuşku, Halit
    In recent years, severe mucilage formation threatening nearshore marine ecosystems has intensified investigations on possible separation of components forming mucilage flocculation, deactivating bacteria adhesion and decomposing the colloidal structure. Challenges to eliminating mucilage formation in marine ecosystems require long-term measures, however quick reaction with environment-friendly approach is of great importance for the control of mucilage expansion since the impact of mucilage can be significantly hazardous in nearshore marine areas during seasonal change and may spread to more expansive areas when disregarded. In the present study, ultrasonic vibration at 40 kHz frequency generated by sonication showed a time-dependent destructive effect on the colloidal structure of mucilage. Results showed that an ultrasound wave with 40 kHz frequency for 60 minutes of application could be effective for nearly 50% dispersal of mucilage aggregation on sea surface that in terms might be a useful tool for rapid response in an Emergency Action Plans. However, further research is encouraged for understanding how sonication mitigates the aggregation of phytoplankton and bacteria forming the complex matrix of polymeric mucilage structure.
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    Farklı protein ve yağ oranına sahip yemlerin mırmır (Lithognathus mormyrus L., 1758) balığının büyümesi üzerine etkisi
    (Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2008) Kuşku, Halit; Bulut, Musa
    Bu çalışmada, Çanakkale Boğazına bağlı Kilya Koyunda ticari açıdan önemli mırmır (Lithognathus mormyrus L., 1758) balığının büyüme performansları araştırılmıştır. Çalışma kefes ortamında yapılmış olup, balıklar farklı protein ve yağ içeriğine sahip yemler ile beslenmiştir. 8 hafta süren araştırma sonucunda 50/15 yemiyle beslenen balıkların diğer guruplara oranla daha fazla büyüdükleri tespit edilmiştir. Yemdeki yağ oranının düşmesi ve protein oranının artması balıklarda daha fazla bir büyüme performansı göstermiştir. Düşük protein ve yüksek yağ ile beslenen balıkların gelişimi ise yavaş olmuştur.
  • Küçük Resim
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    Multiple exposure to thunderstorm-sound in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): physiological response and stress recovery
    (Sciendo, 2023) Kuşku, Halit; Yiğit, Murat; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Yiğit, Ümüt; Ergün, Sebahattin
    The present study investigated the impacts of multiple thunderstorm-sound exposures on growth and respiratory parameters in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in order to evaluate the acoustic stress response. Thunderstorm-sound exposure for 3 hours triggered respiration speed with an alarm reflex and rapid elevation of opercula beat rate (OBR) and pectoral wing rate (PWR), which increased two-fold over the control with no sound treatment, and peaked (OBR, 71.33±5.86 beat/min; PWR, 75.00±3.61 beat/min) in 10 hours after initiation of sound. Thereafter, respiration rates declined over the following days and returned to near-initial levels (45.33±4.04 beat/min OBR and 43.00±1.00 beat/min PWR) by day 3, an indication that fish recovered from thunderstorm-sound stress after 3 days of exposure. However, the same reaction course was observed each time of multiple sound exposures, repeated 20 times in a row with 4-day intervals, underlining that fish could not attune to repeated thunderstorm sound. Reduced voluntary feed intake as a result of anxiety and appetite loss was recorded in fish exposed to multiple thunderstorm sound, resulting in 50% less growth compared to those without sound treatment by the end of the 80-day experimentation. Therefore, it is advisable to monitor fish behavior during the 3-day stress period after a thunderstorm event in order to prevent waste from excess feeding, that in turn may contribute environment-friendly aquaculture for the future and sustainability of the oceans.
  • Küçük Resim
    Öğe
    Müziğin Koi (Cyprinus carpio) balıklarının davranışları stres ve gelişimi üzerine etkisi
    (Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2018) Kuşku, Halit; Ergün, Sebahattin - Güroy, Betül
    Tezin amacı, müzikal uyarıların Koi balıklarında (Cyprinus carpio) büyüme performansı, yem kullanımı, davranış ve stres üzerine etkilerini araştırmaktır. Çalışma kontrollü koşullarda gerçekleşen iki ayrı denemeden oluşmaktadır. Birinci denemede, alfa, beta, teta ve gama ses dalgaları ile klasik, country, metal, elektro, kentsel gürültü, silk-road, sufi ney, Kuran dinletisi olmak üzere, 12 farklı ses uyarısının balık davranışlarına etkisi incelenmiştir. Farklı davranışlar sergilediği düşünülen kentsel gürültü, silk-road (enstrümental), sufi ney (enstrümental), Kuran dinletisi sesleri, balıkların büyümesi, yemden yararlanma ve stres üzerine etkisini incelemek amacıyla seçilmiştir. Seçilen sesler, ikinci denemede balıklara 90 gün süresince, 08:00 - 08:30, 12:30 - 13:00 ve 17:00 - 17:30 saatleri arasında dinletilmiştir. Tüm çalışmalar 3 tekrarlı olarak yürütülmüştür. İkinci deneme sonunda, Kuran dinletisi, sufi ney, silk-road uyarılarına (67 dB re 1 μPa SPL) maruz kalan deneme grupları, kontrol grubuna (57 dB re 1 μPa SPL) göre daha iyi, yem kullanım ve büyüme performansı sergilemiştir. Kentsel gürültü (67 dB re 1 μPa SPL), balıkların büyümesini ve yem verimliliğini olumsuz etkilemiştir. Farklı müzik uyarılarının hematolojik, immünolojik ve serum biyokimyasal parametrelerde önemli değişimlere neden olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, yoğun kültür balıkçılığı yapılan tesislerde, Kuran dinletisi, sufi ney, silk-road uyarılarının, "büyüme teşvik faktörü" olarak değerlendirilebileceği, balık refahının üzerinde olumlu etkiler gösterebileceği, kentsel gürültünün ise balık refahı, büyüme performansı ve yem kullanımı üzerinde olumsuz etkiler yapabileceği düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca, farklı ses uyarılarının farklı balık türleri ve büyüme dönemlerinde araştırılması ve özellikle balıklarda stresi azaltıcı etkisinin araştırılması önerilebilir.