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    Factors affecting the planning and management of urban forests: A case study of Istanbul
    (Elsevier Gmbh, 2020) Kose, Murat
    This study aims to focus on a case study of Istanbul province in order to reveal the most important factors affecting the planning and management of urban forests by means of a multidimensional approach. First of all, 67 variables, which affected the planning and management of urban forests, were developed by taking the literature review and expert opinions into consideration. These variables were grouped under five main headings, and questionnaire forms were prepared accordingly. The questionnaire forms were applied to 201 people from three different stakeholder groups through face-to-face interviews. In the study, a factor analysis was conducted with 67 variables, and approximately 71 % of the respondents' opinions on the planning and management of urban forests were explained with 8 factors by taking 32 variables as basis, as a result of the reliability analysis. According to their level of significance, these factors are as follows: (1) spatial functions, activities and main objective, (2) use of space, (3) problems caused by management, (4) budget and staff shortages, (5) garden types, (6) R&D activities, (7) education, knowledge and experience deficiencies and (8) provision of environmental and social benefits. In addition, whether there was a statistically significant difference between the various socio-economic variable groups specified within the scope of the questionnaire in terms of the dimensions (factors) perceived by the respondents was explored using non-parametric tests, Kruskal-Wallis H test and Mann Whitney U test Linear regression analysis was also conducted in order to determine how and to what extent the most important factors affecting the planning and management of urban forests affected the basic purpose of urban forests. Accordingly, this study puts forward the main aim of urban forests in terms of their functions as 'providing environmental and social benefits', 'providing an environment for scientific researches and nature education' and 'meeting the recreational and social needs of urban people'.
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    Factors affecting utilization opportunity of wetlands and their immediate surroundings in abandoned mining sites: A case study for Istanbul
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2022) Kose, Murat; Kul, Ali Ayhan; Ozdemir, Emrah; Gurbey, Alev Perihan; Aktas, Nilufer Kart
    As in the whole world, abandoned mining sites and their immediate surroundings stands as a major environmental problem in Turkey. This study aims to reveal the factors affecting the utilization opportunities of the wetlands and their immediate surroundings in the abandoned mining sites in Istanbul through a multidimensional approach. In the study, a 34-variable factor analysis was performed, and approximately 75% of the respondents' opinions were explained with seven factors by taking 24 variables as a basis at the end of the reliability analysis. These factors are listed according to their significance level: (1) utilization for recreational purposes, (2) utilization for functional purposes, (3) management and operation, (4) utilization as water reserve areas, (5) utilization as disposal sites, (6) legal framework, principles, and procedures, and (7) contribution to employment and economy. Afterwards, the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to investigate whether there was a statistically significant and important difference between the various socio-economic variables (gender, occupation, workplace and experience) of the groups identified within the scope of the questionnaire. According to these results, thanks to the interdisciplinary and multi-functional planning of these sites after mining activities and their correct and effective management, the local people will be ensured to benefit from these sites at the highest level and the ecological balance will be re-established. The previous economic and ecological value of the abandoned mining sites should at least be restored and/or developed further. There are various criteria and indicators for this. In order to carry out and follow up the works in these areas in a successful way without interruption, it is important that legal arrangements to be made include not only forest areas but also all areas that require nature restoration such as agriculture, industry, solid waste, mines and quarries. In this sense, it should be ensured that all relevant persons and institutions cooperate with each other. As a result, in terms of sustainable land use, this study revealed an approach regarding the correct and effective management of damaged areas remaining after mining and its importance.