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Öğe Effect of beak length on feed intake in pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica)(Univ Federation Animal Welfare, 2007) Savas, T.; Konyali, C.; Das, G.; Yurtman, I. Y.This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of beak length on feed intake with regard to animal welfare. The study involved two treatments groups; short beak pigeons (G-SB; n = 7) and normal beak pigeons (G-NB; n = 7) and was carried out in two consecutive trials. Daily feed consumption, meal length and behavioural traits such as aggressive pecking, preening, resting and locomotor activity were recorded under different feeding conditions. In Trial 1 the birds had free access to food material during a single feeding period each day, whereas in Trial II feeding was terminated when a pigeon from any of the groups that stopped eating first, moved towards water. It took a longer time for the pigeons in the G-SB group to consume the same amount of feed. Furthermore, the pigeons in G-S8 were affected significantly in Trial II and lost bodyweight more compared to G-NB. Although no significant difference between the groups on frequency of aggressive pecking during feeding was found in Trial I, restricted feeding significantly increased the frequency of aggressive pecking in the G-SB group in Trial II. The results of the present study suggest that short beak, which is a side-effect of artificial selection for aesthetic purposes, can cause serious welfare problems under restricted environmental conditions.Öğe Effect of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrins on the motility of goat sperm frozen in diluents deprived of egg yolk(Wiley-Blackwell, 2014) Konyali, C.; Tomas, C.; Blanch, E.; Gomez, E. A.; Moce, E.[Anstract Not Available]Öğe Growth, behavioural and haematological responses to poultry red mite infestation in Japanese quail(Eugen Ulmer Gmbh Co, 2020) Erdem, H.; Konyali, C.; Akbag, H. I.; Savas, T.The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of poultry red mite (PRM) infestation on Japanese quail. Two trials were carried out under same conditions, each using 80 one-week-old quail chicks. Half of the chicks were experimentally infested with PRM and the other half functioned as control group. The conditions of the two trial rooms were the same. Low infestation was observed in Trial I, while high infestation was seen in Trial II. Live weight (LW) and daily feed intake (DFI) were not significantly affected in Trial I (P = 0.2190). However, infested birds scratched themselves 2.46 times more than the control birds (P = 0.0002). Haemoglobin (Hg) of control and infested birds were 9.58 g.dl(-1) and 7.72 g.dl(-1) (P = 0.0017), and eosinophil proportions 5.79% and 18.58% (P = 0.0004), respectively. In Trial II differences of LW between control and infested birds reached a significant level at the 5th week (P = 0.0038). DFI of control birds was higher than in infested birds (P < 0.0001). Infested birds showed 4.22 times more scratching behaviour than the control (P = 0.0003). Hg, erythrocyte and haematocrit were 5.52 g.dl(-1), 1.79.10(6).mu l(-1) and 29.36% in infested birds, respectively; 11.28 g.dl(-1), 3.78.10(6).mu l(-1) and 43.47% in the control (P = 0.0001). Ratio of the spleen to carcass weight was 0.08% in control and 0.10% in infested birds (P = 0.0595). The ratio of gizzard to carcass weight was higher in infested birds (P = 0.0008). A higher mortality in infested birds was observed in Trial II compared to Trial I (P < 0.0001). The carcasses of infested birds showed lower dry matter content than carcasses of control birds (P = 0.0006). In conclusion, a low level of infestation did not lead to major negative effects, but decreased haemoglobin levels and increased scratching behaviour of the infested birds, indicating a negative impact on welfare. However, high infestations of PRM had severe effects on the quail.Öğe Optimizing conditions for treating goat semen with cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrins prior to freezing to improve cryosurvival(2013) Konyali, C.; Tomás, C.; Blanch, E.; Gómez, E.A.; Graham, J.K.; Mocé, E.The fertility of goat sperm is highly variable and new methods for improving sperm cryosurvival are needed. Cholesterol plays important roles in membrane fluidity, cold shock sensitivity and cryodamage, and treating sperm from cold-shock sensitive species with cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrins (CLC) prior to cryopreservation enhances sperm cryosurvival. The aim of this study was to develop a CLC-treatment to optimize goat sperm cryopreservation. A total of 45 ejaculates coming from eleven adult Murciano-Granadina bucks were used and three experiments were conducted to determine: (1) the optimal CLC concentration to treat goat sperm; (2) the optimal time to treat the sperm (before or after seminal plasma removal); and (3) optimal freezing diluent (either of two Tris-citrate diluents containing 2% or 20% egg yolk and 4% glycerol or a skim milk diluent with 7% glycerol) to cryopreserve goat sperm. Goat sperm cryosurvival rates were greatest when they were treated with 1mg CLC/120×106sperm prior to freezing. The benefit was also greatest if the sperm were treated with CLC after seminal plasma removal. Finally, CLC treatment improved sperm cryosurvival rates for sperm frozen in all three diluents, however, CLC treatment was most effective for sperm frozen in egg-yolk diluents. In conclusion, treating goat sperm, with CLC prior to cryopreservation, improved sperm cryosurvival rates. In addition, CLC treatment was effective for all freezing diluents tested, making this technology practical for the industry using current cryopreservation techniques. Nevertheless, additional studies should be conducted to determine how CLC might affect sperm functionality and fertilizing ability. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.Öğe Relationships between head-beak morphology and feed intake behaviour as well as rearing of nestlings in a short beak pigeon breed(Eugen Ulmer Gmbh Co, 2008) Savas, T.; Konyali, C.; Tolu, C.; Das, G.; Yurtman, I. Y.The results of previous studies indicated that selection for aesthetic breeding goals in the short beak pigeon breed Half-Baska resulted in disadvantages in feed intake. In addition, a high variation in feed intake time in the short beak breed as compared to the normal beak breed was reported. This led to the hypothesis that feed intake behaviour is not only affected by the length of the beak but also by head morphology as well as beak width and beak height. Moreover, the beak plays an important role in feeding of nestlings in pigeons. Therefore, the rearing performance of pigeon breeds with a short and a normal beak was compared. The breed Half-Baska (HB), originating from northwest Turkey, was used as a model bird for short beak pigeons. English Flyingtippler (EF) was used for the comparison. During rearing several clutches of HB and EF breeding pairs (with similar days of hatch) were randomly exchanged. Thus four groups were formed: I. HB birds feeding HB squabs (CB-CB), 2. HB birds feeding EF squabs (HB-EF), 3. EF birds feeding HB squabs (EF-HB), and 4. EF birds feeding EF squabs (EF-EF). The short beak Half Baska birds had a 37% shorter beak than the English Flyingtippler breed. In HB birds, the correlation coefficients between feed intake speed and head height (r = 0.36; P = 0.031) as well as head depth (r = 0.33; P = 0.050) were significant However, no relations were observed between feed intake speed and head width as well as beak traits (P > 0.050). The rearing groups had a significant effect on body weight and daily live weight gain of the nestlings (P < 0.001). Nestlings of HB-HB group had a substantial disadvantage in growth. Moreover, a high mortality rate was found (32%) for the same group (HB-HB), but the difference from EF-EF group was not significant (19%). The relationships between feed intake behavior and head form explain the observed high variation in feed intake speed in HB birds. The retarded growth of HB-HB squabs revealed that the species-specific reproductive pattern was disturbed in the short beak pigeon.
