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    Developing Biopolymer-Based Electrolytes for Supercapacitor and Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Applications
    (Amer Chemical Soc, 2023) Konwar, Subhrajit; Singh, Pramod K.; Dhapola, Pawan; Singh, Abhimanyu; Savilov, Serguei V.; Yahya, Muhd Zu Azhan; Gultekin, Sirin Siyahjani
    This paper deals with the synthesis, characterization, and application of low-viscosity ionic liquids as dopants and biopolymers as the host. The biopolymer used in the present study is cornstarch, while the ionic liquid 1-ethyl 3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate (EMIm(+)SCN(-)) is used to develop an electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) and a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Different weight ratios of the ionic liquid are incorporated in the polymer host to develop a highly conducting ionic-liquid-doped biopolymer electrolyte (ILBPE). Electrical, structural, and photoelectrochemical characterizations are carried out in detail. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) shows that doping different weight ratios of the ionic liquid enhances the ionic conductivity and conductivity maxima observed at a weight ratio of 80 of the ionic liquid, with an ionic conductivity value of 2.6 x 10(-4) S cm(-1). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and polarized optical microscopy (POM) affirm a reduction in the crystallinity, while thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows thermal stability of the ILBPE beyond 200 degrees C. In addition, the 80% ILBPE-based EDLC exhibits a specific capacitance of 140 F g(-1-) , an energy density of 23.13 Wh kg(-1) , and a power density of 3600 W kg(-1) calculated based on galvanostatic charge-discharge (GDC), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies. Moreover, the photovoltaic performance of the DSSC is investigated by using J-V analysis and EIS measurements, while the overall power conversion efficiency is determined as 4% under standard conditions (AM 1.5).
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    Öğe
    Stable Efficient Solid-State Supercapacitors and Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using Ionic Liquid-Doped Solid Biopolymer Electrolyte
    (Amer Chemical Soc, 2024) Konwar, Subhrajit; Siyahjani Gultekin, Sirin; Gultekin, Burak; Kumar, Sushant; Punetha, Vinay Deep; Yahya, Muhd Zu Azhan Bin; Diantoro, Markus
    As synthetic and nonbiodegradable compounds are becoming a great challenge for the environment, developing polymer electrolytes using naturally occurring biodegradable polymers has drawn considerable research interest to replace traditional aqueous electrolytes and synthetic polymer-based polymer electrolytes. This study shows the development of a highly conducting ionic liquid (1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide)-doped corn starch-based polymer electrolyte. A simple solution cast method is used to prepare biopolymer-based polymer electrolytes and characterized using different electrical, structural, and photoelectrochemical studies. Prepared polymer electrolytes are optimized based on ionic conductivity, which shows an ionic conductivity as high as 1.90 x 10(-3) S/cm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms the complexation and composite nature, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) and polarized optical microscopy (POM) affirm the reduction of crystallinity in biopolymer electrolytes after doping with ionic liquid (IL). Thermal and photoelectrochemical studies further affirm that synthesized material is well stable above 200 degrees C and shows a wide electrochemical window of 3.91 V. The ionic transference number measurement (t ion) confirms the predominance of ionic charge carriers in the present system. An electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) and a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) were fabricated by using the highest conducting corn starch polymer electrolyte. The fabricated EDLC and DSSC delivered an average specific capacitance of 130 F/g and an efficiency of 1.73% in one sun condition, respectively.