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Öğe A Hybrid Schwannoma of Median Nerve(Coll Physicians & Surgeons Pakistan, 2014) Komurcu, Erkam; Kaymaz, Burak; Adam, Gurhan; Gokmen, Ferhat; Murath, AsliSchwannomas are the most common benign neoplasms of the peripheral nerves in the upper extremity originating from the schwann cells of nerve sheath. They account for 5% of all tumours in upper extremity. Schwannomas are usually solitary, encapsulated and homogeneous masses and present with slowly growing masses, sometimes associated with pain and paresthesia. Pre-operative evaluation is based on ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging, but final diagnosis requires histopathology. It is important to distinguish plexiform schwannoma from plexiform neurofibroma because of the possibility of malignant transformation in plexiform neurofibroma. Plexiform schwannoma may be confused with neurofibromatosis and this can lead to overtreatment. We present a very rare case of solitary mass which had a plexiform type multicentric extension: hybrid schwannoma of the median nerve of a 20-year-old young girl.Öğe An Unusual Location for Cellular Schwannoma(Coll Physicians & Surgeons Pakistan, 2014) Golge, Umut Hatay; Komurcu, Erkam; Kaymaz, Burak; Yilmaz, DenizSchwannomas are solitary benign tumours derived from peripheral nerve sheath that are difficult to diagnose using imaging only. Diagnoses are commonly confirmed with conventional surgical resection. Small proportion of cases are formed by cellular schwannoma usually seen at paravertebral, pelvic, retroperitoneal, or mediastinal location. This patient had a 3 x 2 cm hard mass at the dorsal side of proximal phalanx of the right third toe. Bone destruction was seen on radiography and MR imaging. Curettage after excision and grafting were performed. No complication was seen after surgery. The histopathology result was reported as cellular schwannoma. It was an atypical location for cellular schwannoma not previously described in literature.Öğe Association between mean platelet volume and bone mineral density in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and diagnostic value of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging(Soc Physical Therapy Science, 2015) Resorlu, Hatice; Resorlu, Mustafa; Gokmen, Ferhat; Akbal, Ayla; Adam, Gurhan; Komurcu, Erkam; Goksel, Ferdi[Purpose] The aim this study was to assess the relation between bone mineral density (BMD) and mean platelet volume (MPV) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients, and evaluate the diagnostic role of the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). [Subjects and Methods] Fifty patients diagnosed with AS were divided into two groups on the basis of BMD, a normal group (n=30) and an osteopenic (n=20) group. [Results] Duration of disease in the group with a normal BMD was 10.3 +/- 7.0 years, while it was 16.7 +/- 12.2 years in the osteopenia group. MPV was high in the osteopenia group, while no significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and platelet distribution width (PDW). There was a positive correlation between MPV and duration of disease. Correlations between ADC value and the lumbar T score, femoral neck T score, and duration of disease were insignificant. A negative correlation was observed between BMD and disease duration. [Conclusion] Diffusion-weighted imaging provides valuable results in osteoporosis but is not a suitable technique for evaluating BMD in patients with AS because of the local and systemic inflammatory effects in the musculoskeletal system. The common pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and osteoporosis plays an important role in the negative correlation observed between MPV and BMD in patients with AS.Öğe Atypical Localization of Enchondroma in the Calcaneus(Amer Podiatric Med Assoc, 2015) Komurcu, Erkam; Kaymaz, Burak; Golge, Umut Hatay; Goksel, Ferdi; Resorlu, Mustafa; Kilinc, NihalA 53-year-old man presented to the orthopedic outpatient clinic with pain and swelling in the right heel without any trauma. On physical examination and radiologic assessment, a lesion with calcification and peripheral sclerosis was detected in the medullary cavity of the calcaneus, and computed tomographic images revealed cortical thinning adjacent to the lesion. Magnetic resonance images showed a 23 x 19-mm lesion. Tru-Cut biopsy, performed to clarify the diagnosis, revealed an enchondroma. As a definitive treatment, curettage of the lesion and grafting of the cavity was performed. Although enchondromas are common pathologic abnormalities of the skeleton and are usually asymptomatic, atypical localization, such as the calcaneus, and atypical clinical manifestations, such as heel pain, should also be kept in mind.Öğe Atypical spinal tuberculosis: posterior paravertebral spread(Yerkure Tanitim & Yayincilik Hizmetleri A S, 2016) Komurcu, Erkam; Kizildag, Betul; Kosar, Sule; Akman, TarikSpinal tuberculosis phenomenon that is an extra pulmonary form of tuberculosis infection, the prognosis of which changes dramatically by early diagnosis and treatment, is still a significant health problem. While early diagnosis and treatment of typical spinal tuberculosis progressing typically is performed without any problems, incorrect treatment of spinal tuberculosis cases presenting atypical findings can lead to dramatic results despite the improvement in modern imaging techniques. In our study we aimed to present an atypical spinal tuberculosis case, for which a correct diagnosis based on abscess and fistula on the thigh that is unique in literature with accompanying pseudomonas co-infection presenting as an undefined atypical spread.Öğe Comment on the article 'The biomechanics of guided growth: does screw size, plate size, or screw configuration matter?' by Schoenleber et al.(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2014) Kaymaz, Burak; Komurcu, Erkam; Goksel, Ferdi; Golge, Umut H.[Anstract Not Available]Öğe Comment on the article Dual 8-Plate Technique Is Not as Effective as Ablation For Epiphysiodesis About the Knee by Stewart et al(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2014) Kaymaz, Burak; Komurcu, Erkam[Anstract Not Available]Öğe Comparison of Osteoporosis in Two Different Regions of Turkey(Galenos Yayincilik, 2014) Golge, Umut Hatay; Komurcu, Erkam; Kaymaz, Burak; Goksel, Ferdi; Guzel, Yunus; Adam, Gurhan; Erbay, PirilObjective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of different climate and geographic conditions on bone mineral density. Materials and Methods: The patients who had been examined with Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) for the suspicion of osteoporosis in two different regions of Turkey were included in the study. Medical records of these 2457 patients were evaluated retrospectively. Age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and osteoporosis etiology of these patients were recorded. Results: Dual X-ray Absorptiometry measurements of the femoral neck and lomber vertebras of these patients were investigated. 927 of the patients were found to be osteoporotic and 907 of the patients to be osteopenic. There was no difference between the groups in terms of age, gender and BMI. Lumbar vertebras (L1-4) and femoral neck T scores of the patients with similar age and gender in these 2 different regions were compared and the difference between the groups was found to be statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: The effect of geography and climate conditions on the bone quality is well known. In this respect regional strategies in the prevention and treatment of the osteoporosis may be judicious.Öğe Consultation of traditional bone setters instead of doctors: Is it a sociocultural and educational or social insurance problem?(Sage Publications Inc, 2015) Golge, Umut Hatay; Kaymaz, Burak; Komurcu, Erkam; Eroglu, Mehmet; Goksel, Ferdi; Nusran, GurdalBackground Patients consulting bone setters is common in the eastern and south-eastern regions of Turkey. The reasons for consulting bone setters instead of qualified doctors remains unclear. We investigated the characteristics of such patients who consult traditional bone setters after trauma prior to admission to hospital. Methods In the study, 3,422 of 14,080 patients were investigated admitted to hospital between January 2012 and February 2013 with trauma or sequelae of such who were previously treated by bone setters. The characteristics of these patients and the main reasons for consultation of bone setters instead of doctors were recorded. Results Most of the patients consulting bone setters were found to be young adults or children. Generally speaking, the poorly educated prefer bone setters despite having social insurance. The most common reason (29.3%) was a general preference and secondarily (27.1%) the fear of being disabled after medical treatment. However, the most common cause of patients' consultation at hospital subsequently was due to complications of treatment (46.8%); indeed the complication rate after bone setters' intervention was found to be 54.8%. Conclusion Although improvements have occurred in the access to and utilisation of healthcare services, consultation by patients of bone setters seems to be a sociocultural and educational issue rather than a problem of lack of medical insurance.Öğe Effect of surgical closing in total knee arthroplasty at flexion or extension: a prospective, randomized study(Springer, 2014) Komurcu, Erkam; Yuksel, Halil Yalcin; Ersoz, Murat; Aktekin, Cem Nuri; Hapa, Onur; Celebi, Levent; Akbal, AylaThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of knee position during wound closure (flexed vs. extended) in total knee arthroplasty on knee strength and function, as determined by knee society scores and isokinetic testing of extensor and flexor muscle groups. In a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial, 29 patients were divided in two groups: for Group 1 patients, surgical closing was performed with the knee extended, and for Group 2 patients, the knee flexed at 90A degrees. All the patients were treated with the same anaesthesia method, surgical team, surgical technique, prosthesis type, and rehabilitation process. American Knee Society Score values and knee flexion degrees were recorded. Isokinetic muscle strength measurements of both knees in flexion and extension were taken using 60A degrees and 180A degrees/s angular velocity. The peak torque and total work values, isokinetic muscle strength differences, and total work difference values were calculated for surgically repaired and healthy knees. No significant difference in the mean American Knee Society Score values and knee flexion degrees was observed between the two groups. However, using isokinetic evaluation, a significant difference was found in the isokinetic muscle strength differences and total work difference of the flexor muscle between the two groups when patients were tested at 180A degrees/s. Less loss of strength was detected in the isokinetic muscle strength differences of the flexor muscle in Group 2 (-4.2 %) than in Group 1 (-23.1 %). For patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, post-operative flexor muscle strength is improved if the knee is flexed during wound closure. II.Öğe Effect of systemic carnitine therapy on serum fibronectin level in diabetic rats(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2014) Komurcu, Erkam; Ozkan, Omer Faruk; Kemik, Ahu Sarbay; Nusran, Gurdal; Asik, Mehmet; Arslan, EmrahBackground: L-carnitine has been shown to enhance wound healing. There has, however, not been sufficient research on the effect carnitine has on diabetic wound healing. We investigated the relationship between the viability of full thickness skin grafts (FTSGs) and fibronectin (FN) serum levels in diabetic rats that were administered carnitine. Materials and methods: A total of 40 rats were divided into four groups of 10 rats each and operated on. The FTSG model was 10 x 3 cm, with the dorsal flap extending from the tip of the scapula to the hip joint. After surgery, group 1 (nondiabetic control, n = 10) and group 2 (diabetic control, n = 10) were given a sterile saline solution at 0.9% with a dose of 100 mg/kg/d intraperitoneally for 7 d after the surgery. Group 3 (diabetic sham, n = 10) contained diabetic rats and did not receive any agent after the surgery. The diabetic rats in group 4 ( carnitine study diabetic, n 10) were given carnitine with a dose of 100 mg/kg/d intraperitoneally for 7 d after the surgery. Results: The percentages of viable areas in groups 1-4 were 70.38 +/- 6.10%, 62.66 +/- 1.55%, 62.59 +/- 2.94%, and 73.48 +/- 4.43%, respectively. The mean levels of FN, measured in milligram per deciliter, in groupse4 were 23.57 +/- 3.27 mg/dL, 21.58 +/- 2.35 mg/dL, 22.04 +/- 2.71 mg/dL, and 27.11 +/- 2.79 mg/dL, respectively. Furthermore, we found that there was a strong positive correlation (R = 0.509; P = 0.001) between FN and the viability of the FTSG. Conclusions: We demonstrated that administering carnitine leads to an increase in diabetic wound healing. Further increasing the levels of the FNserum might have a role in this process. Crown Copyright (c) 2014 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Effects of a Single Application of Adcon Gel on Peritendinous Adhesion: An Experimental Study in Rabbits(Journal Hard Tissue Biology, 2014) Ozden, Raif; Uruc, Vedat; Duman, Ibrahim Gokhan; Dogramaci, Yunus; Kalaci, Aydiner; Komurcu, Erkam; Ozsoy, Sule YurdagulPeritendinous adhesions are serious complications after surgical repair of tendons and can lead to poor functional outcome. In the present study, the tensile strength of repaired tendons was measured biomechanically in two groups using a rabbit Achilles tendon model, and the effects of Adcon gel on peritendinous adhesions and tendon healing were examined by means of histological and mechanical analyses. In the treatment group, the Achilles tendon was transected, followed by a primary repair using a modified Kessler technique, and Adcon gel was injected between the tendon and skin of the right leg. The same operation was done for the control group, and 1 mL of normal saline solution was applied locally in a similar fashion. The experimental protocols were approved by the local animal ethics committee. Microscopic evidence of the formation of adhesions and of inflammation was less in the treatment group than in the control group. There was no significant difference in the tensile load necessary to rupture the repaired tendons between the two groups. Adcon gel reduced the peritendinous adhesions histologically without impairing tendon healing, as determined with mechanical analyses. The use of Adcon gel may provide a simple means of preventing of postoperative peritendinous adhesions, thereby offering a beneficial effect on tendon repair.Öğe Effects of Boric Acid on Fracture Healing: An Experimental Study(Humana Press Inc, 2015) Golge, Umut Hatay; Kaymaz, Burak; Arpaci, Rabia; Komurcu, Erkam; Goksel, Ferdi; Guven, Mustafa; Guzel, YunusBoric acid (BA) has positive effects on bone tissue. In this study, the effects of BA on fracture healing were evaluated in an animal model. Standard closed femoral shaft fractures were created in 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats under general anesthesia. The rats were allocated into five groups (n= 8 each): group 1, control with no BA; groups 2 and 3, oral BA at doses of 4 and 8 mg/kg/day, respectively; group 4, local BA (8 mg/kg); and group 5, both oral and local BA (8 mg/kg/day orally and 8 mg/kg locally). After closed fracture creation, the fracture line was opened with a mini-incision, and BA was locally administered to the fracture area in groups 4 and 5. In groups 2, 3, and 5, BA was administered by gastric gavage daily until sacrifice. The rats were evaluated by clinical, radiological, and histological examinations. The control group (group 1) significantly differed from the local BA-exposed groups (groups 4 and 5) in the clinical evaluation. Front-rear and lateral radiographs revealed significant differences between the local BA-exposed groups and the control and other groups (p< 0.05). Clinical and radiological evaluations demonstrated adequate agreement between observers. The average histological scores significantly differed across groups (p= 0.007) and were significantly higher in groups 4 and 5 which were the local BA (8 mg/kg) and both oral and local BA (8 mg/kg/day orally and 8 mg/kg locally), respectively, compared to the controls. This study suggests that BA may be useful in fracture healing. Further research is required to demonstrate the most effective local dosage and possible use of BA-coated implants.Öğe Effects of boric acid on the healing of Achilles tendons of rats(Springer, 2016) Kaymaz, Burak; Golge, Umut Hatay; Ozyalvach, Gulzade; Komurcu, Erkam; Goksel, Ferdi; Mermerkaya, Musa Ugur; Doral, Mahmut NedimTendinous lesions are among the most frequent pathologies encountered in sportsmen. The objectives of new treatments are to improve the healing process and reduce the recovery time. Boron plays an important role in the wound repair process by increasing components of extracellular matrix and angiogenesis. This animal study aimed to investigate the effect of boric acid on healing of the Achilles tendon. The right Achilles tendons of 40 rats were completely sectioned, and the rats were randomly divided into five groups. Each group consisted of eight rats. Groups 1 and 2 were oral boric acid groups with the doses of 4 and 8 mg/kg/day boric acid, respectively. Group 3 was the local boric acid group (8 mg/kg boric acid intratendinous injection). Group 4 was administered both oral and local boric acid (8 mg/kg/day orally and 8 mg/kg boric acid intratendinous injection), and group 5 was the control group with no boric acid application. At the end of the fourth week, all the rats were killed and histopathological examination of the Achilles tendon repair site was made. Histopathological examination of the tissue sections revealed more properly oriented collagen fibres, more normal cellular distribution of tenocytes and more properly organized vascular bundles in group 1 and group 2, which were the groups administered oral boric acid. Pathological sum scores of groups 1 and 2 were less than those of the other groups, and the differences between the oral boric acid groups (group 1 and group 2) and the other three groups (groups 3, 4 and 5) were statistically significant (p = 0.001). As boric acid is safe and toxicity even after very high doses is unusual, oral boric acid may be used as an agent to improve the healing process of tendon injuries. However, biomechanical tests should also be performed to show the effect of boric acid on strength and endurance of the tendon before it can be used in clinical practice.Öğe Effects of Local Administration of Boric Acid on Posterolateral Spinal Fusion with Autogenous Bone Grafting in a Rodent Model(Humana Press Inc, 2015) Komurcu, Erkam; Ozyalvacli, Gulzade; Kaymaz, Burak; Golge, Umut Hatay; Goksel, Ferdi; Cevizci, Sibel; Adam, GurhanSpinal fusion is among the most frequently applied spinal surgical procedures. The goal of the present study was to evaluate whether the local administration of boric acid (BA) improves spinal fusion in an experimental spinal fusion model in rats. Currently, there is no published data that evaluates the possible positive effects if the local administration of BA on posterolateral spinal fusion. Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four independent groups: no material was added at the fusion area for group 1; an autogenous morselized corticocancellous bone graft was used for group 2; an autogenous morselized corticocancellous bone graft with boric acid (8.7 mg/kg) for group 3; and only boric acid was placed into the fusion area for group 4. The L4-L6 spinal segments were collected at week 6, and the assessments included radiography, manual palpation, and histomorphometry. A statistically significant difference was determined between the groups with regard to the mean histopathological scores (p=0.002), and a paired comparison was made with the Mann-Whitney U test to detect the group/groups from which the difference originated. It was determined that only the graft+BA practice increased the histopathological score significantly with regard to the control group (p=0.002). Whereas, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the manual assessment of fusion and radiographic analysis (respectively p=0.328 and p=0.196). This preliminary study suggests that BA may clearly be useful as a therapeutic agent in spinal fusion. However, further research is required to show the most effective dosage of BA on spinal fusion, and should indicate whether BA effects spinal fusion in the human body.Öğe Gaucher disease with pathological femoral neck fracture(2013) Binnetoglu, Emine; Komurcu, Erkam; Sen, Hacer; Kizildag, BetulFractures of the femoral neck are rare and usually result from serious and high-energy trauma in the skeleton in young adults. Gaucher's disease (GD) is a lysosomal storage disorder that has progressive course and is rarely seen. Research has shown that a pathological femoral neck fracture with GD mostly emerges in childhood. But in adults, there are no reports of pathological femoral neck fractures with GD. We present a unique case of GD with a pathological femoral neck fracture in a 54-year-old woman who did not undergo surgery because of haematological problems including thrombocytopaenia. Copyright 2013 BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved.Öğe Glenohumeral joint tuberculosis with multiple cold abscesses: An uncommon cause of shoulder pain(2013) Kizildag, Betul; Sener, Alper; Komurcu, Erkam; Karatag, Ozan; Kosar, SuleThe musculoskeletal system involvement of tuberculosis (TB) other than spinal TB is a rare and less-known entity. Furthermore symptoms of musculoskeletal involvement of TB infection are non-spesific, relatively slow and indolent. The diagnosis of TB is less considered by clinicians among other common causes of shoulder pain including traumatic and degenerative conditions. We reported a 72-year-old patient suffering shoulder pain for the last 2 years who was diagnosed with glenohumeral joint TB arthrithis associated with multiple cold abscesses in adjacent soft tissues; emphasising significant clinical and imaging findings.Öğe Investigation of knee pain in osteoarthritic and neuropathic pain awareness(Acta Medica Belgica, 2015) Golge, Umut Hatay; Sen, Halil Murat; Kuyucu, Ersin; Sen, Hacer; Goksel, Ferdi; Kaymaz, Burak; Komurcu, ErkamThe mechanism of neuropathic pain (NP) and osteoarthritic (OA) pain, although different, are both defined as chronic pain, and combinations are possible. In this study, the awareness of both types of chronic pain was investigated among patients and doctors. This prospective study was planned and coordinated by the orthopedic and internal medicine clinics and included 100 patients with a diagnosis of knee OA evaluated with the DN4 questionnaire. Patients with an OA diagnosis included those with NP linked to diabetes and those without NP, and these groups were compared using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritic Index (WOMAC). Data analysis of both groups focused on descriptive statistics of demographic and clinical characteristics. Twenty-four of the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) were diagnosed with NP according to DN4 criteria, and began treatment. Of these patients, 21 (84%) had DM for 10 years or more, while 19 (86.4%) had HbA1c of 7 and above. The average WOMAC pain score for patients with NP was 4.33 +/- 1.2 while the score for VAS was 8.25 +/- 0.8. Patients without NP had a WOMAC pain score of 2.49 +/- 0.6 and a VAS of 6.28 +/- 1.8. It was observed that in these two knee OA patient groups, NP had a statistically significant enhancing effect on the WOMAC pain score and the VAS (p < 0.001). As underlying pathophysiological mechanism of pain caused by OA is complex, and OA is considered to have a component of NP, it has been proven to be useful to use drugs apart from conventional treatments for NP. We believe that, as a source of pain that is not relieved after arthroplasty, awareness level of NP among orthopedists should be increased and multi-disciplinary studies are required on this topic.Öğe Musculoskeletal Injuries in Homer's Iliad The War of Troy Revisited(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2014) Komurcu, Erkam; Tok, Fatih; Simsek, Ayse; Ozcakar, LeventHomer's Iliad-the most famous and influential epic poem-has been previously reviewed with respect to head, craniomaxillofacial, neck, thoracic, and hand injuries in the literature. However, to the best of the authors' knowledge, there are no data regarding musculoskeletal injuries. This article describes the musculoskeletal injuries that had ensued during the war of Troy. The Turkish translation of the original epic poem Iliad was reviewed for musculoskeletal injuries, that is, their descriptions, outcome, the weapons used, and the engaged warriors. Extremity injuries were evaluated as regards the affected bones. The pertinent treatment methods were also recorded. In total, 103 musculoskeletal injuries were detected during 81 combats. The most commonly involved areas were the shoulder (15.5%), the head (14.5%), the cervical vertebrae (14.5%), and the thoracic vertebrae (8.7%). The weapons used were spear (n = 52); sword (n = 9); arrow (n = 9); stone (n = 8); and cane, animal, the hand, Chariot race, and broken yoke (n = 1 for each). Fifty-four combats (66.6%) resulted in death. Therapeutic herbs, compound of milk, and essence of fig were used as treatment alternatives. While providing a historic snapshot on the war of Troy, in this article, the authors have reviewed the musculoskeletal injuries and their management in those ancient times. Despite the long period in between, unfortunately, physicians/surgeons are still faced with war injuries in current medical practice. The authors strongly hope that, at least in the near future, physicians will be left with only natural health problems and without those artificially generated by human beings.Öğe Musculoskeletal System Injuries Due to Motorcycle Accidents in Aksaray(Elsevier, 2013) Komurcu, Erkam; Arik, Kasim; Golge, Umut Hatay; Nusran, Gurdal; Kurt, TolgaObjectives An increase in motorcycle accidents and injuries has been observed in recent years due to the rising number of motorcyclists. The purpose of our study was to evaluate musculoskeletal system injuries due to motorcycle accidents. Methods The files of 189 patients who presented at the Aksaray State Hospital Emergency Service with injuries due to motorcycle accidents were investigated retrospectively. Age, gender, and current trauma were recorded for each patient. Cases with musculoskeletal system injuries were evaluated according to site of injury, and subsequent morbidity and mortality were documented. Results Of the 189 patients, 168 were male (89.9%), and 21 were female (11.1%). Locomotor system injuries were present in 147 patients (77.8%). The number of patients presenting with multiple extremity injuries versus isolated extremity injuries were 26 (17.69%) and 70 (47.62%), respectively. Soft tissue trauma was present in only 51 patients (34.69%). The distribution of fractures and dislocations was as follows: 74 (54.81%), lower extremity; 48 (35.56%), upper extremity; 9 (6.67%), pelvic; and 4 (2.96%), vertebral injuries. Of the extremity injuries, injuries to the femur (27.41%) and tibia (19.26) were most prevalent, followed by hand and wrist (9.63%) injuries. Seven patients with multiple organ injuries died, while permanent disability due to extremity function loss occurred in 22 patients. Pulmonary embolism and osteomyelitis complications occurred in two patients and one patient, respectively. Injuries were reported most frequently in July between 23: 00 and 03:00 and 04:00 and 07:00. According to the records, 48 (32.79%) of the patients with musculoskeletal injuries were drunk. Conclusions Musculoskeletal system injuries due to motorcycle accidents cause lifelong disabilities. To reduce the frequency of accidents, social awareness should be increased, and training programs in motorcycle usage should be more effective and widespread.
