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Öğe A new species of Aphis Linnaeus, 1758 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from the northwestern Türkiye with a key to the species of the subgenus Bursaphis Baker, 1934(Magnolia Press, 2021) Kok, Sahin; Karabacak, Ersin; Yasar, Ipek; Kasap, Ismail; Barjadze, ShalvaThe new aphid species- Aphis ( Bursaphis ) kazdagensis sp. nov. living on Papaver pilosum subsp. strictum (Papaveraceae) in & Ccedil;anakkale Province, T & uuml;rkiye, is described based on the apterous viviparous females. Diagnosis of the subgenus Bursaphis with respect to other species is given. Aphis popovi Mordvilko, 1932 is transferred from the subgenus Aphis to the subgenus Bursaphis. An updated identification key for apterous viviparous females to all Bursaphis species is provided.Öğe Acaricidal Effect of Orange Essential Oil on Two Spotted Spidermite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) under Laboratory Conditions(Univ Namik Kemal, 2023) Yasar, Ipek; Kok, Sahin; Kasap, IsmailTetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is one of the phytophagous pests that cause serious economic losses in many cultivated plants. In the control of T. urticae, the use of chemicals usually comes to the fore. However, the use of chemicals in excessive amounts and in inappropriate times and doses causes many negativities because they leave residue and toxic effects on the products. Recently, studies on the effects of extracts obtained from plants on agricultural pests have been increasing day by day and yield successful results. In the study, the effect of an insecticide, which is a commercial formulation of orange oil, on egg laying behavior and acaricidal effect on T. urticae at different doses were investigated. The experiments were carried out in laboratory conditions at 65 +/- 10% humidity and 25 +/- 2 degrees C temperature conditions, on bean leaves, using leaf disc dipping method, using 5 different application doses (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 1 and 2 ml of 100 ml-1 water) and 5 was carried out recursively. Observations were made at 1, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after the application by taking the counts of dead and live individuals. As a result of this study, the highest acaricidal effect on T. urticae individuals was determined with a mortality rate of 75.56% at 2% concentration of orange oil 96 hours after the application. In the 96th hour observations, the lowest acaricidal effect was detected at a concentration of 20% to 0.2%. Accordingly, it was observed that the acaricide effect increased as the concentration and duration of the orange oil studied in the study increased. When the effect of the insecticide with orange oil active substance on the egg laying behavior of T. urticae was examined, the number of eggs in the control group was determined as 99.40 +/- 1.26 at the same observation time, at the 2% concentration of the insecticide used, while 8.80 +/- 1.87 eggs were detected at the end of 96 hours. As a result, the acaricidal effect of orange oil on T. urticae shows that it can be used as an alternative control agent to chemical control.Öğe ALIEN APHIDS (HEMIPTERA: APHIDOMORPHA) OF TURKIYE(Trakya Univ Balkan Yerlesesi Enstituler Binasi, 2022) Kok, Sahin; Ozdemir, IsilThis study aims to show results of a prospective study on the relationship and the variation between the number of aphid species and the number of alien aphid species in Turkiye, the taxonomic diversity of alien aphids, their distribution in Turkiye and the regions of origin of alien aphids. The study showed the presence of 57 alien aphid species belonging to 32 genera from the Aphidomorpha infraorder (Hemiptera) recorded in Turkiye between 1903 and 2021. It was shown that the alien aphid constitute about 10% of the aphid fauna of Turkiye including 592 species belonging to 148 genera. Based on 119 years of data, the average introduction rate of alien aphids into the aphid fauna of Turkiye was calculated as 0.48 species per year. It was shown that the alien aphids are found in 60 to 81 different provinces in Turkiye. We conclude that more local and territorial studies should be carried out in order to evaluate details of the current status and distribution of alien aphids in Turkiye.Öğe Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) species determined in canakkale Province with a new record for the aphid fauna of Turkey(Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2016) Kok, Sahin; Kasap, Ismail; Ozdemir, IsilAs a result of a study conducted to determine aphid species on herbaceous plants, shrubs and trees in cultivated and uncultivated areas from 2013 to 2015 in Canakkale Province, Turkey, 39 species and one subspecies in 24 genera of Aphididae family were determined. Of these species, Aphis sedi Kaltenbach, 1843 collected from Lampranthus sp. (Aizoaceae) was new record for the aphid fauna of Turkey. Also, Helianthus annuus L. (Asteraceae) and Pimpinella saxifraga L. (Apiaceae) were determined as new host records for Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach, 1843) and Hyadaphis foeniculi (Passerini, 1860) in Turkey, respectively. The present study and other current studies indicated that local studies are important for the aphid fauna of Turkey.Öğe Biodiversity of the natural enemies of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Northwest Turkey(Springer, 2020) Kok, Sahin; Tomanovic, Zeljko; Nedeljkovic, Zorica; Senal, Derya; Kasap, IsmailIn the present study, the natural enemies of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and their host plants including herbaceous plants, shrubs and trees were analysed to reveal their biodiversity and disclose tritrophic associations in different habitats of the South Marmara region of northwest Turkey. As a result of field surveys, 58 natural enemy species associated with 43 aphids on 58 different host plants were identified in the region between March of 2017 and November of 2018. In 173 tritrophic natural enemy-aphid-host plant interactions including association records new for Europe and Turkey, there were 21 representatives of the family Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), 14 of the family Syrphidae (Diptera) and 15 of the subfamily Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera), as well as eight other generalist natural enemies. In these interactions, a total of 37 aphid-natural enemy associations-including 19 associations of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) with natural enemies, 16 associations of Therioaphis trifolii (Monell) with natural enemies and two associations of Aphis craccivora Koch with natural enemies-were detected on Medicago sativa L. during the sampling period. Similarly, 12 associations of Myzus cerasi (Fabricius) with natural enemies were revealed on Prunus avium (L.), along with five associations of Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus) with natural enemies (including mostly parasitoid individuals) on Brassica oleracea L. Also in the study, reduviids of the species Zelus renardii (Kolenati) are reported for the first time as new potential aphid biocontrol agents in Turkey. The results of field surveys show that the natural enemies of aphids have high biodiversity, which should be considered in the management of biological pest control.Öğe Biological control of twospotted spider mites [Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)] using Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseidae) at different ratios of release on field-grown tomatos(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2020) Tiftikci, Papatya; Kok, Sahin; Kasap, IsmailIn the present study, the effectiveness and optimum release times of the phytoseiid mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseidae) at release ratios of 1:10, 1:20 and 1:40 predator:prey were evaluated to reveal its potential for biological control of twospotted spider mites [Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)] on tomato field in the canakkale province of Northwest Turkey. After release of the predators and prey in the second crop production period, counting was carried out by sampling of tomato leaves for a period of 8 weeks. P. persimilis released at ratios of 1:10 and 1:20 predator:prey significantly suppressed T. urticae and remained on the tomoto leaves during sampling. At release ratios 1:10 and 1:20 predator:prey, T. urticae populations on tomato reached 76.0 +/- 17.9 and 39.4 +/- 7.3 per leaf, repectively, and decreased by half after 8 weeks. Our results indicate that P. persimilis can be released for the effective control of mites from the mid-August to the beginning of September on tomato in the study region. Also, it is concluded that the release of P. persimilis on tomato grown as the second crop will have a higher potential for biological control of T. urticae.Öğe Diversity and interactions of the parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) of aphids from a lagoon habitat in northwest Turkey(Springer, 2022) Kok, Sahin; Tomanovic, ZeljkoThe aim of this study was to reveal the diversity of parasitoids and ascertain tritrophic parasitoid-host aphid-host plant interactions in a lagoon habitat very close to orchards, vegetable gardens, and cereal fields in the canakkale Province of northwest Turkey between April and September from 2020 to 2021. In total, 23 tritrophic parasitoid-host aphid-host plant interactions, including new association records for Europe and Turkey, were revealed on 12 parasitoid species belonging to six genera from the subfamily Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) reared from 15 aphid species (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on 17 host plants from different plant families. Also, we present three tritrophic parasitoid-host aphid-host plant interactions new for Europe and five tritrophic interactions new for Turkey. Of the identified parasitoid species, Aphidius (Aphidius) artemisicola Tizado et Nunez-Perez, 1994 is recorded for the first time for the parasitoid fauna of Turkey. A morphological diagnosis of the newly recorded parasitoid is provided. The results of this study of the tritrophic interactions between parasitoids and their aphid hosts on host plants in a lagoon habitat enable us to more meaningfully interpret these interactions and provide data of potential significance for the biological control of pest aphids in the region. These results showed that research on the interactions of parasitoids and their host aphids on non-crop host plants in non-crop areas close to crop fields can yield data of potential significance for the biological control of aphids in agriculture.Öğe Effect of Fungatol and Gamma-T-ol from Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel on Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)(Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2016) Kasap, Ismail; Kok, Sahin; Hassan, ErrolIn this study, the effect of Fungatol and Gamma-T-ol extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel (Myrtaceae) on Aphis gossypii Glover and Tetranychus urticae Koch was determined using leaf dipping method. In laboratory tests, the leaf discs (50 mm diameter) taken from bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and were dipped in five different concentrations of Fungatol (1.25, 1.90, 2.20, 2.50 and 3.50%) and Gamma-T-ol (0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50 and 3.60%) for 5 s. The tests were repeated five times. Mortality was recorded after 1, 24, 48 h in tests with A. gossypii adult females and after 1, 24, 48, 72 h in tests with T. urticae adult females. After 1, 24 and 48 h, the highest concentrations of Fungatol (3.50%) and Gamma-T-ol (3.60%) had caused 0, 18, 42% and 0, 20, 48.9% mortality of A. gossypii, respectively. After 1, 24, 48 and 72 h the same concentrations of these extracts had caused 0, 52, 74, 94% and 0, 52, 78, 93.3% mortality of T. urticae adult females, respectively. The results showed that Fungatol and Gamma-T-ol extracts offer good potential to be used to control A. gossypii and T. urticae. Their use in pest management could be considered after validation in the field.Öğe Effect of temperature on the life history and development of Typhlodromus athiasae Porath and Swirski (Acari: Phytoseiidae) as a predator of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)(Systematic & Applied Acarology Soc London, Natural History Museum, 2023) Kasap, Ismail; Kok, Sahin; Pehlivan, SerkanThe present study determined the effects of different temperatures on the life history parameters an d development of Typhlodromus athiasae Porath and Swirski (Acari: Phytoseiidae) for the first time. The stu dy was conducted at 20, 25 and 30 degrees C and the predators fed on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) under laboratory conditions. Our results show that temperature significantly affected pre-adult and adult durations of T. athiasae. The adult longevity was calculated as 47.90, 22.88, 19.50 days for females, 26.11, 19.90, 20.46 days for males at 20, 25 and 30 degrees C, respectively. The adult females of T. athiasae laid 15.80 (eggs/ female), 17.20 (eggs/female) and 12.38 (eggs/female) eggs at the respective temperatures tested. The highest net reproductive rate (R0= 8.90 offspring/individual) determined at 25 degrees C but no significant difference was foun d among the other temperatures. The highest intrinsic rate of increase (r= 0.12 day-1) was observed at 25 degrees C an d 30 degrees C. Although the highest finite rate of increase (lambda= 1.13 day-1) was determined at 25 degrees C, no significant difference was observed between this temperature and 30 degrees C. Also, the shortest mean generation time (T=14.9 7 day) was obtained at 30 degrees C whereas the longest mean generation time (T=28.39 day) was observed at 20 degrees C. Ou r results revealed that 25 degrees C was more suitable for mass production even if the female and male of T. athiasae survived and reproduced at all temperatures. Consequently, our present results and the data to be obtained in greenhouse and field conditions will reveal the potential of T. athiasae as a biological control agent of T. urticae.Öğe Interactions of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) with their primary and secondary host plants in orchards in ?anakkale Province, Turkey(Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2022) Kok, Sahin; Kasap, IsmailThis study aimed to reveal the interactions of aphids with their primary hosts (pome and stone fruit trees) and secondary hosts (herbaceous plants) in and around orchards in the ??anakkale Province in northwestern Turkey between April-September from 2020 to 2021. Thirty-eight aphid species belonging to 18 genera from two subfamilies, Aphidinae and Calaphidinae, of Aphididae in the order Hemiptera were identified on 53 host plants. Also, 92 aphid-primary-secondary host plant interactions, including several new host plant records for some aphid species in Turkey were revealed in the orchards. Of these hosts, Ballota sp. (Lamiaceae), Carduus pycnocephalus L. (Asteraceae), Conyza sp. (Asteraceae), Diplotaxis sp. (Brassicaceae), Echium plantagineum L. (Boraginaceae), Galium sp. (Rubiaceae), Geranium columbinum L. (Geraniaceae), Papaver rhoeas L. (Papaveraceae), Ranunculus muricatus L. (Ranunculaceae) and Scandix pecten-veneris L. (Apiaceae) are determined as new host plants for some aphids in Turkey. It is believed that the new data on the interactions of aphids with their primary and secondary hosts in orchards will support both a better understanding of the biology of fruit pest aphids and the development of new strategies for the control of aphid pests.Öğe Seasonal population fluctuation and life history in different temperatures of Myzus cerasi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on cherry trees: a field and laboratory study(Oxford Univ Press Inc, 2024) Kok, Sahin; Kasap, IsmailThis study determined the seasonal population fluctuation of Myzus cerasi (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in cherry orchards and the effect of different temperatures on the life-history parameters of these aphids under laboratory conditions. Our field results showed that the population fluctuations and densities of M. cerasi on cherry trees were positively affected by the temperature increase between seasons. Also, our laboratory results showed that M. cerasi survived and reproduced at all temperatures tested under laboratory conditions. Female longevity was observed as 19.00 +/- 2.38, 18.72 +/- 0.49, and 12.59 +/- 0.74 days, and fecundity was 10.14 +/- 2.26, 9.36 +/- 0.59, and 7.27 +/- 0.84 offspring/female at 20, 25, and 30 degrees C, respectively. Although the highest net reproductive rate (R0) was observed numerically at 25 degrees C (7.80 offspring/female), there was no significant difference compared to 20 degrees C (7.10 offspring/female). The highest intrinsic rate of increase (r) and the highest finite rate of increase (lambda) were calculated at 30 degrees C (0.15 +/- 0.01 and 1.16 +/- 0.01 day-1, respectively), and there was no significant difference compared to 25 degrees C. The mean generation time (T) of M. cerasi showed a significant difference at all temperatures tested and decreased from 22.59 +/- 0.33 days at 20 degrees C to 12.78 +/- 0.37 days at 30 degrees C. Consequently, our results revealed that the seasonal population fluctuation and the life history of M. cerasi in the field and laboratory conditions were affected significantly by different temperatures. Our data obtained in the field and the laboratory will contribute to the understanding of M. cerasi biology and to the management of the pest.Öğe The diversity and host interactions of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on different plant communities in an urban ecosystem1(Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2023) Yilmaz, Berna; Kok, SahinThe aim of this study was to reveal the diversity and host interactions of aphids on different plant communities in an urban ecosystem in the northwest of Turkiye between April and October from 2021 to 2022. From the sampling, 55 aphids from 26 genera in the family Aphididae (Hemiptera) on 65 host plant of 26 families were determined. From the aphids, Capitophorus archangelskii Nevsky, 1928 and Uroleucon leontodontis (Hille Ris Lambers, 1939) are found to be new to the aphid fauna of Turkiye. In the urban ecosystem, 108 interactions between aphids and hosts, including the new records of the interactions for Turkiye were identified on different plant communities. Also, we revealed the biodiversity of aphids and hosts interactions in various plant communities in the urban ecosystem. Our results showed that the species richness and abundance of aphids were significantly higher on the herbaceous plants compared to other communities. Also, interactions between aphids and their hosts in the herbaceous plants were more diverse than the trees and shrubs. Accordingly, the results of our study revealed that biodiversity of interactions between aphids and their hosts was higher on the herbaceous plants compared to other plant communities in the urban ecosystem.Öğe The effect of host plant on the biological control efficacy of the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot against two-spotted spidermites, Tetranychus urticae koch on field-grown vegetables(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2022) Tiftikci, Papatya; Kok, Sahin; Kasap, IsmailTetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is one of the key pests causing economic losses in vegetable fields. Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is used effectively in the biological control of this mite on many vegetable crops. The present study determined how different crops such as pepper, eggplant, cucumber and tomato affected the biological control of T. urticae when using P. persimilis in the field-grown vegetables in the canakkale of northwestern part of Turkey in 2016 and 2017. Predatory and prey mites were released at a ratio of 1:10 predator:prey on host plants and their numbers on leaves were counted weekly for a period of 8 weeks. The highest number of T. urticae and P. persimilis were counted on cucumber with 108.70 +/- 8.14 and 81.00 +/- 6.00 mites per leaf in 2016, and with 113.30 +/- 10.95 and 24.00 +/- 4.58 mites per leaf in 2017, respectively. Also, there was a significant difference for both the populations of T. urticae and P. persimilis on the crops on all weeks in both years. It was revealed that P. persimilis markedly suppressed T. urticae on eggplant and tomato compared to pepper and cucumber in both years. It is clear that the host crops is a key factor on the success of P. persimilis on the biological control of T. urticae on field-grown vegetables. Consequently, it is thought that these results should be taken into account in the biological control strategies of mite pests by using the predatory mites on field-grown vegetables.Öğe The important pest and predatory mites species (Acari) and their population fluctuation in the vineyards of Canakkale Province(Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2014) Kasap, Ismail; Polat, Burak; Kok, SahinThe aim of this study was to determine the mite species and the population densities of pest and important predatory mites in the vineyards of Canakkale Province. Totally, 7 mite species belonging to 5 families, Tetranychidae, Eriophyidae, Phytoseiidae, Stigmaeidae and Tydeidae, were identified on the vineyards. Phytoseius finitimus Ribaga (Acari: Phytoseiidae) was the most abundant predator among all Phytoseiid species with a rate of 49.3 %, whereas Tetranychus urticae Koch (27%) and Colomerus vitis Pagenstecher (6.6%) (Acari: Tetranychidae; Eriophyidae) are the most common pest mite species in the vineyards of the region. The second part of study was conducted in four vineyards in the Canakkale Province, during the growing seasons of 2008-2009. Surveys were carried out in every week from May to September on Cavus and Karasakiz varieties and 20 leaves were collected from each variety and vineyard. The results of study indicated that the population densities of Colomerus vitis began to increase generally in early June and reached the maximum level with 9.35 and 4.35 gall/leaf in late June, 2008 and 2009, respectively. The population fluctuation continued until the end of September. The most effective predatory species P. finitimus and neutral species Tydeus californicus (Acari: Tydeidae) were dominant mites in the vineyards and it was observed that their population reached to 6.9 and 7.85 mites/leaf, respectively. Also, it was determined that the predatory mites showed very low population development in the sprayed vineyards.
