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Öğe Changes in Rangeland Condition and Health of Palandoken Mountain Rangelands Over two Decades(2021) Koç, Ali; Gökkuş, Ahmet; Güllap, Mehmet Kerim; Erkovan, Halil İbrahim; Sürmen, MustafaRangeland plant communities respond to environmental changes depending on management practices, climate, topography, and time. The objective of the study was to determine the changes in abundancy of functional plant groups, range condition score, class, and health with different topographical characteristics between 1993 and 2013. Trends in the investigated characteristics changed depending on aspect and topography. While the abundancy of decreaser and increaser plants decreased, invader plant abundancy increased over two decades. Similarly, range condition score, class, and health also declined in this period. The changes in investigated properties showed uneven distribution among the sites due to uncontrolled grazing practices and site characteristics. The results indicated that range degradation has been continued under current grazing practices. Therefore sustainable range management strategies should be put urgently into practice for the conservation of natural resources in the highland hilly rangelands of Turkey.Öğe Determination of suitable forage crop species and their mixtures for meadow establishment(TUBITAK, 1998) Serin, Yunus; Gökkuş, Ahmet; Tan, Mustafa; Koç, Ali; Çomakli, BinaliThis three-year study was conducted in order to determine suitable legume and grass species and their mixtures for meadow establishment under irrigated conditions of Erzurum. In the study, legumes species of alfalfa and red clover and grass species of timothy, red fescue, perennial ryegrass, meadow fescue, kentucky bluegrass and bromegrass, and their binary mixtures were compared. As an average mixtures gave higher hay and crude protein yields and higher mixture efficiency (land equivalent ratio) than pure stands. The percentage of legumes in hay was 66.7% in mixtures. Crude protein content was the highest in pure legume stands and the lowest in pure grass stands. Mixtures of alfalfa + red clover + meadow fescue produced the highest yields.Öğe Dominant Mer'a Bitkilerinin Biomas ve Kimyasal Kompozisyonlarının Büyüme Dönemindeki Değişimi II. Kimyasal Kompozisyondaki Değişimler(1999) Bakoğlu, Adil; Koç, Ali; Gökkuş, AhmetBu çalışma 1994 yılında Atatürk Üniversitesi Kampüsünde otlatmaya kapalı alandan seçilen otlak ayrığı, havlı brom, koyun yumağı, adi parlakot, adi sorguçotu, melez yonca ve top kekiği üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada bitkilerde ham protein oranı (HPO), ham selüloz oranı (HSO), P, K, Ca, Mg muhtevası ve K/(Mg+Ca) oranı incelenmiştir. HPO tüm bitkilerde olgunlaşmayla birlikte azalmış, HSO ise artmıştır. Fosfor, Potasyum ve Magnezyum kapsamları olgunlaşmanın ilerlemesiyle azalmış, Kalsiyum ise çiçeklenme başlangıcına kadar artmıştır. Yapraklar her dönemde saplardan daha fazla besin elementi ihtiva etmiştir. Özellikle buğdaygillerde başlangıçta yüksek olan K/(Ca+Mg) oranı bitkilerin sapa kalkmalarından sonra hızla azalmıştır.Öğe Dominant Mer'a Bitkilerinin Biomas ve Kimyasal Kompozisyonlarının Büyüme Dönemindeki Değişimi* I. Biomas ile Kök/Sap, Sap, Yaprak, Çiçek Oranlarının Değişimi(1999) Bakoğlu, İdil; Koç, Ali; Gökkuş, AhmetBu çalışma 1994 yılında Atatürk Üniversitesi Kampüsünde otlatmaya kapalı alandan seçilen otlak ayrığı, havlı brom, koyun yumağı, adi parlakot, adi sorguçotu, melez yonca ve top kekiği üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada bitkilerde gelişme fenolojisi, boy, toprakaltı ve üstü bioması, kök/sap, sap, yaprak ve çiçek oranları incelenmiştir. Bitkilerde boy uzaması başlangıçta yavaş, sonra hızlı ve çiçeklenmeyle birlikte tekrar yavaş bir seyir takip etmiştir. Biomas değerleri de boydaki değişime benzer bir seyir izlemiştir. Kök/sap oranları başlangıçta yüksek olurken, özellikle sapa kalkmadan sonra azalmıştır. Yaprak oranı başlangıçta tüm bitkilerde yüksek iken, sapa kalkmadan sonra azalmış ve sap oranı artmıştır.Öğe Farklı Mevsim ve Dozlarda Verilen Azotun Kılçıksız Brom (Bromus inermis Leyss)'un Tohum Verimi ile Buna İlişkin Karakterlere Etkisi ve Karakterler Arasındaki İlişkiler(1999) Serin, Yunus; Tan, Mustafa; Koç, Ali; Gökkuş, AhmetBu çalışma sonbahar ve ilkbaharda 4 farklı dozda (0, 4, 8 ve 12 kg N/da) uygulanan azotlu gübrenin kılçıksız bromda tohum verimi ve verim unsurlarına etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla planlanmıştır. Araştırma Erzurum sulu şartlarında 1986-1992 yılları arasında yürütülmüştür. Beş yıllık ortalama sonuçlara göre, azotlu gübreleme tohum verimini artırmıştır. Sulu şartlarda yüksek tohum (40.6 kg/da) ve sap verimi (959.8 kg/da) elde edebilmek için sohbaharda 4+ilkbaharda 8 kg N/da yeterlidir. Azot uygulaması m2 deki salkımlı sap sayısı salkımda tane ağırlığı ve sayısı ile bitki boyunu da önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. Tohum verimi ile m2 deki salkımlı sap sayısı ve bitki boyu arasında çok önemli ilişkiler belirlenmiştir.Öğe Otlak ayrığı (Agropyron cristatum)'nda değişik sıra aralıkları, biçim yükseklikleri ve anız yakmanın tohum verimine ve verim unsurlarına etkileri(2001) Gökkuş, Ahmet; Serin, Yunus; Koç, Ali; Tan, Mustafa[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Some Characteristics of the Common Plants of Range and Meadows in Erzurum in Relation to Life Span, Beginning of the Flowering and Forage Quality(TUBITAK, 1999) Bakolu, Adil; Koç, Ali; Gökkufi, AhmetThis study was carried out on the natural range and meadows of Atatürk University in Erzurum, 1996. Recorded species in the study were separated into 16 grasses, 16 legumes and 60 other families. High percentages of the ungrazed species (approximately % 60) indicate that the rangelands have seriously been degrated. In chemical analysis, grasses had the highest crude cellulose content, while legumes had the highest crude protein content, and legumes and other families had the highest mineral element content. In conclusion some wild species on the district rangelands could successfully be utilized in the range improvement. © 1999, TUBITAK. All rights reserved.Öğe The effect of N applied at different seasons and doses on seed yield and some yield components of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and relationships among the characteristics(TUBITAK, 1999) Serin, Yunus; Tan, Mustafa; Koç, Ali; Gökkuş, AhmetThis study was conducter to determine the effects of time (autumn and spring) and dose (0, 4, 8 and 12 kg N/da) of nitrogen applications on seed yield and yield components of smooth bromegrass. The study was carried out under irrigated conditions in Erzurum, in crop seasons of 1986-1992. According to the mean of five years data nitrogen fertilization is recommended for high seed yield. Application of N as 4 kg/da in autumn+8 kg/da N in spring is effective for high seed yield (40.6 kg/da) and straw yield (959.8 kg/da) under irrigated conditions. The N application increased also generative shoots, seed weight and number per panicle and plant hight. Seed yield were positively correlated with number of generative shoots m2, straw yield, and plant hight.Öğe Variation in biomass and chemical composition of dominant rangeland plants during the growing season 1. changes in biomass, root/shoot ratio, stem, leaf, flower ratios(TUBITAK, 1999) Bako?lu, Adil; Koç, Ali; Gökkuş, AhmetThis study was conducted to determine annual variations in the below- and above-ground biomass, root/stem, stem, leaf and flower ratios of crested wheatgrass, subalpine brome, sheep fescue, junegrass, needlegrass, hybrid alfalfa and cat thyme. The specimens were collected during the growing season of 1994 from protected rangelands in Erzurum area. Plant height increased slowly at the onset of growth, accelerated in the middle of a growth stage and levelled off after the blossom stage. The accumulation of below- and above-ground biomass was similar to the trend of growth in plant height. Root/stem rations were highest at the beginning of the growth stage, after which they steadily decreased especially after stem elongation. While the leaf ratio was highest at the beginning of the growth stage in all the plants, it steadily decreased after the stem elongation stage.Öğe Variation in biomass and chemical composition of dominant rangeland plants during the growing season: II. Changes in chemical composition(TUBITAK, 1999) Bako?lu, Adil; Koç, Ali; Gökkuş, AhmetThis study was conducted to determine the annual variations in crude protein, crude cellulose, P, K, Ca and Mg contents, and the ratio of K/(Ca+Mg) of crested wheatgrass, subalpine brome, sheep fescue, junegrass, needlegrass, hybrid alfalfa and cat thyme in Erzurum rangelands, during the 1994 growing season. Crude protein, P, Mg and K contents steadily decreased toward to end of the growth stage although cellulose content increased. Ca content increased until blooming stage in all plants. Plant leaves had richer nutrient contents than the stems in all growing periods. The K/(Ca+Mg) ratio was high at the beginning of the vegetative stage especially in grasses, but quickly decreased after stem elongation.
