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Öğe Assessing the impact of agro-industrial olive wastes in soil water retention: Implications for remediation of degraded soils and water availability for plant growth(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2014) Killi, Dilek; Anlauf, Ruediger; Kavdir, Yasemin; Haworth, MatthewOlive solid waste (OSW) is a toxic by-product of olive oil production. Disposal of OSW is a major problem in many Mediterranean countries leading to increased interest in its potential as an organic fertiliser. Relatively little is known regarding the impact of augmentation with OSW and olive solid waste compost (OSWC) on soil hydraulic properties. The effect of OSW and OSWC on the hydraulic characteristics of common agricultural soils with high sand but very different silt and clay contents was analysed. Increased organic inputs induced reductions in soil bulk density and increases in air capacity, hydraulic conductivity and the water content available for plant growth (AWC) in the Sandy Clay Loam (SCL) soil. Similar patterns were observed in Loamy Sand (LS) soil augmented with OSW, but OSWC caused reductions in hydraulic conductivity, air capacity and AWC. Nonetheless, over longer timescales OSWC may benefit the hydraulic properties of loamy sand soils as the compost becomes fully incorporated within the soil structure. Augmentation with organic olive waste induced the hydraulic parameters of the sandy clay loam soil to become identical to those loamy sand (LS) with a higher available water capacity; suggesting that soil augmentation with OSW and OSWC may be an effective tool in remediating and improving degraded or organic poor soils. In terms of the improvement of hydraulic parameters, application rates of 6-8% OSW/OSWC were most beneficial for both soil types. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe COORDINATION OF STOMATAL PHYSIOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR AND MORPHOLOGY WITH CARBON DIOXIDE DETERMINES STOMATAL CONTROL(Wiley, 2015) Haworth, Matthew; Killi, Dilek; Materassi, Alessandro; Raschi, AntonioPremise of the study: Stomatal control is determined by the ability to alter stomatal aperture and/or the number of stomata on the surface of new leaves in response to growth conditions. The development of stomatal control mechanisms to the concentration of CO2 within the atmosphere ([CO2]) is fundamental to our understanding of plant evolutionary history and the prediction of gas exchange responses to future [CO2]. Methods: In a controlled environment, fern and angiosperm species were grown in atmospheres of ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (2000 ppm) [CO2]. Physiological stomatal behavior was compared with the stomatal morphological response to [CO2]. Key results: An increase in [CO2] or darkness induced physiological stomatal responses ranging from reductions (active) to no change (passive) in stomatal conductance. Those species with passive stomatal behavior exhibited pronounced reductions of stomatal density in new foliage when grown in elevated [CO2], whereas species with active stomata showed little morphological response to [CO2]. Analysis of the physiological and morphological stomatal responses of a wider range of species suggests that patterns of stomatal control to [CO2] do not follow a phylogenetic pattern associated with plant evolution. Conclusions: Selective pressures may have driven the development of divergent stomatal control strategies to increased [CO2]. Those species that are able to actively regulate guard cell turgor are more likely to respond to [CO2] through a change in stomatal aperture than stomatal number. We propose a model of stomatal control strategies in response to [CO2] characterized by a trade-off between short-term physiological behavior and longer-term morphological response.Öğe Effects of olive solid waste and olive solid waste compost application on soil properties and growth of Solanum lycopersicum(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2013) Killi, Dilek; Kavdir, YaseminMediterranean countries are the largest global producers of olive oil. One by-product of this industry, and a major environmental problem, is olive solid waste (OSW). This study aims to explore the potential of OSW and olive solid waste compost (OSWC) for reuse and recycling as an agricultural fertiliser. Typical Sandy and Loamy agricultural soils were augmented with increasing amounts of OSW and OSWC (0, 4, 8 and 10%) in order to investigate the effect on soil characteristics and growth of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Plant growth was dramatically reduced by the application of OSW Composting of OSW results in a break-down of toxic compounds. Consequently, augmentation of soils with OSWC enhanced seed-germination, plant and root biomass and total nitrogen content Application of 4-8% OSWC produced the optimal effect on soil parameters across all treatments, while plant growth subsequently decreased when OSWC application was increased to 10%. These results suggest that composting of OSW has the greatest potential beneficial impacts for the use of this agri-industrial waste as an agricultural fertiliser. To ensure optimal impact on crop production application of OSWC should be within 100-210 tonnes per hectare, and not exceed 260 tonnes, significantly greater than current standard compost application rates. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Influence of olive oil solid waste applications on soil pH, electrical conductivity, soil nitrogen transformations, carbon content and aggregate stability(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2008) Kavdir, Yasemin; Killi, DilekSome of the agricultural wastes have important economic potentials to be used as a plant nutrition and/or soil conditioner. Olive oil solid waste (OSW) is one of them. The aim of this study was to determine effects of OSW on soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), improving soil nitrogen (N) status, soil aggregate stability and soil carbon contents. Different rates of OSW (control, 2%, 4% and 8%, w/w) were applied to coarse soils and incubated for 2 months. OSW applications decreased soil pH values. The mean EC value of soil measured 2 months after the incubation was greater than that of the first month. Application of OSW at the rate of 8% has significantly increased soil total organic nitrogen contents. OSW applications at the rate of 8% (w/w) significantly increased both mean SOC content (3.5%) and aggregate stability (88%) after 2 months of incubation (p < 0.01). Therefore, OSW has great potential to improve soil structure of coarse textured soil in short term. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Zeytin katı atığı (pirina)'nın toprak kalitesi üzerine etkileri ve tarımda toprak düzenleyici olarak kullanım olanakları(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2008) Killi, Dilek; Kavdır, YaseminBu çalışmada pirina doğrudan ham olarak ve kompost yapılarak topraklara farklı dozlarda karıştırılmış ve bitki yetiştirme ortamı olarak kullanılabilirliği belirlenmiştir. Zeytin katı atığı ve kompostunun farklı toprak tekstürlerinde toprağın hacim ağırlığına, porozitesine, toprak su tutma karakteristiklerine, su iletkenliği gibi fiziksel özelliklerine etkisi belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca bitki yetiştirme ortamı olarak kullanılabilirliği değerlendirilmiş ve test amacı ile domates bitkisi denenmiştir. Deneme sonunda, pirina ve pirina kompostunun bitki ve bitki kök gelişimi üzerine, ayrıca bitki yetiştirilen toprakların bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri üzerine etkisi belirlenmiştir.Öğe Zeytin katı atığının (Pirina) toprağa doğrudan ve kompost yapılarak uygulanmasının, agregat stabilizayonu ve bitki gelişimi üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi(2009) Kavdır, Yasemin; Turhan, Hakan; Çetin, Sema Camcı; Kavdır, İsmail; Genç, Levent; Killi, Dilek[Abstract Not Available]
