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    Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Effects of Olive Mill Wastewater Extract Against Food Spoiling/Poisoning, Fish-Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic Microorganisms
    (Mdpi, 2024) Yilmaz, Dilek Kahraman; Kesbic, Fevziye Isil; Celik, Ekrem Sanver; Odabasi, Deniz Anil; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Abdel-Latif, Hany M. R.
    Although antibiotics are the main therapy for bacterial infections, the reports showed that the overuse (or misuse) of antibiotics will results in several problems such as the development of antibiotic-resistant strains, persistence of drug residues, and numerous environmental concerns. Therefore, finding antibiotic alternatives is considered of vital importance. Investigation of the antimicrobial properties of several plant substances and extracts is of great value to replace antibiotics. With this objective, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of an ethanolic extract prepared from olive mill wastewater (OMWW), which is a by-product of olive oil production with considerable environmental burden, against 38 bacterial strains, including fish-associated pathogens, non-pathogenic isolates, collection strains, and one yeast strain, Candida albicans. Disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) tests were used to determine the antimicrobial activity of the OMWWE. According to the results, OMWWE provoked strong inhibitory effects against Shewanella baltica strain SY-S145. It also showed a moderate inhibitory effect on Plesiomonas shigelloides strain SY-PS16 and Vibrio anguillarum strain SY-L24. The MIC and MBC of OMWWE on Shewanella baltica SY-S145, Vibrio gigantis strain C24, and V. anguillarum strain SY-L24 were 500 mu g/mL. The MIC and MBC on V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802 were 1000 mu g/mL, whereas the values for Aeromonas salmonicida ATCC 33658 were 500 mu g/mL and 1000 mu g/mL, respectively. To put it briefly, the OMWW extract showed high antimicrobial activity and can act as an environmentally friendly additive for the control and prevention of diseases caused by A. veronii, A. hydrophila, P. shigelloides, S. baltica, V. anguillarum, and V. parahaemolyticus. Its active agents also prevented infections of both fish-associated pathogens and food spoiling bacteria, which means it can not only help in the disease control mechanism but also in improving the safety of food by reduction of the microbial contamination.
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    Gibel Carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) Meal as an Alternative Major Protein in Feeds for Rainbow Trout Juveniles (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
    (Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2019) Acar, Umit; Kesbic, Osman Sabri; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Kesbic, Fevziye Isil; Gultepe, Nejdet
    In this study, the effects of gibel carp meal (GFM) application as a protein source on growth performance, fillet composition, feed digestion and haematological and serum biochemical indices of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were evaluated. Replacement of anchovy fish meal (AFM) with GFM was performed at 0%, 50% and 100% levels (GFM(0), GFM(50) and GFM(100)). After 60 days of feeding the best nutritional performance was obtained in the GFM(100) group. There was no significant difference in crude moisture, crude protein, crude lipid or crude ash contents in fish fillet between the GFM(0), GFM(50) and GFM(100) groups. No side effects were observed in hematological and serum biochemical indices of rainbow trout. Dry matter, crude protein and crude lipid digestibility coefficients did not differ significantly in experimental groups. As a conclusion, the results of the study suggested that the GFM could be used totally as a replacer of AFM in diets for rainbow trout without the adverse effects on growth performance, feed use, feed digestion, hematological and serum biochemical parameters of fish.
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    Growth performance, health status, gut microbiome, and expression of immune and growth-related genes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed diets with pea protein replacement of fish meal
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2024) Kesbic, Osman Sabri; Acar, Umit; Kesbic, Fevziye Isil; Yılmaz, Sevdan
    The need for fish meal constrains fish farming and significantly impacts sustainability of the aquaculture industry. Hence, it is important to investigate the use of plant-based protein sources in fish diets. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of different levels of fish meal (FM) replacement by pea protein (PP) in a 60-day feeding experiment in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Effects on growth performance, body composition, hematology, serum biochemistry and immunology, and immune (TNF-alpha, IL1-ss and Il-8) and growth-related (GH and IGFI) gene expression were investigated. Five experimental diets (45% protein and 20% lipid) differed in replacement level of FM by PP at rates of 0% (control (PP0)), 25% (PP25), 50%(PP50), 75%(PP75) and 100%(PP100). Fish were fed with experimental diets in triplicate twice daily. The best growth performance was obtained in PP0 and PP25 groups. While fat ratios of fish fillets significantly differed (p < 0.05), there was no significant effects on protein ratios (p < 0.05). There was no significant change in the hematological values of fish, except those fed the PP100 diets, which displayed a reduction in eyrthocyte counts, hemoglobin content and hematocrit. As PP supplementation increased fish showed elevated serum glucose, total protein, cholesterol and myeloperoxidase activity and decreased glutamic pyruvic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activity. Fish fed diets with between 25 and 75% replacement showed a decline in lactic acid bacteria in the gut. Significant increases in expression were observed in the liver of the PP25 fish relative to the 0% control for all immune and growth-related genes except for IL1-ss. These data suggest that up to 25% of FM can be replaced by PP without any adverse effects on rainbow trout.
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    The effects of Capsicum annuum oleoresin, as a dietary carotenoid, on growth, gut microbiome, intestinal histomorphometry, and sensory characteristics of Oncorhynchus mykiss
    (Wiley, 2024) Yılmaz, Sevdan; Celik, Ekrem Sanver; Ergün, Sebahattin; Gurkan, Mert; Kesbic, Fevziye Isil; Abdel-Latif, Hany M. R.
    This study was designed to explore the dietary effects of Capsicum annuum oleoresin (CAO) on growth, body composition, sensory characteristics, gut microbiome, and intestinal histomorphometry of rainbow trout. Fish (195.13 +/- 1.55 g) were fed diets with various CAO levels (0.0-Control, 7.0- g kg (-1) C7, 14.0 g kg (-1) -C14, 21.0 g kg (-1)-C21, and 28.0 g kg (-1)-C28) for a 30-day period. Results revealed that the maximum growth was achieved in C7 and C14 groups. Nevertheless, the growth parameters were similar in other groups compared to the control. Moreover, there were significant increases in dry matter and crude lipid contents in all CAO groups compared with the controls. The mean abundances (%) of the prevalent bacteria at the genus level in the intestinal trout samples presented no significant changes among the test groups. Dietary CAO significantly changed the intestinal histological structure, and was manifested by an increased number of goblet cells in the CAO-supplied groups. However, there were intestinal villus epithelial deformations associated with increasing dietary CAO, and were most prominent in the C28 group. The sensory attributes of cooked trout fillets showed that capsicum's pungent odor and taste was evident in the C14 group and subsequently increased with increasing dietary CAO levels. Accordingly, the results showed, for the first time, that dietary CAO at levels (7-14 g kg(-1)) can enhance the growth of rainbow trout without negative effects on the sensory characters and gut health.