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    A comparative evaluation of hematological and biochemical parameters between the Italian mullet Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) and the Turkish mullet Chelon auratus (Risso 1810)
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2020) Fazio, Francesco; Saoca, Concetta; Acar, Ümit; Tezel, Rifat; Çelik, Murat; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Yiğit, Murat
    This study aimed to carry out a comparative evaluation of the hematological profile (erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and Wintrobe index parameters such as mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration), in addition to certain biochemical parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, scrum total protein, albumin, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides), in the Italian mullet Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) and the Turkish mullet Chelon auratus (Risso 1810). Accordingly, two groups of fish were used in this study: 30 flathead grey mullets, M. cephalus, caught in Lake Faro, Italy, and 30 golden grey mullets, C. auratus, caught in the estuarine channel system of Keycegiz-Dalyan, Turkey. Statistical evaluations (unpaired t-test) revealed that there were no significant differences in weight or total length values between the two mullet groups. However, the differences between all the evaluated blood parameters (except alanine aminotransferase) between the Italian and the Turkish mullet were significant (P < 0.0001). The present study demonstrated that there were significant hematological and biochemical differences between the Italian (M. cephalus) and the Turkish (C. auratus) mullet. Our findings also contribute to expanding the knowledge on the hematology and biochemistry of two different species of mullet originating from two different habitats. Since the evaluation of blood parameters represents an essential tool in examining the effects of environmental conditions on fish physiology and, consequently, on fish health status, further research in this field is encouraged and would be very useful.
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    CONSTRUCTION, ASSEMBLY AND SYSTEM DEPLOYMENT OF A FISH CAGE WITH COPPER ALLOY MESH PEN: CHALLENGING WORK LOAD AND ESTIMATION OF MAN-POWER
    (2018) Yiğit, Murat; Osienski, Michael; Decew, Judson; Çelikkol, Barbaros; Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Karga, Mustafa; Acar, Ümit
    In the present study, a 150 cubic m net pen was designed as part of a collaborative research effort betweenthe International Copper Association (ICA-USA), the University of New Hampshire (UNH-USA) and Cannakale Onsekiz Mart University (COMU-Turkey) in August 2011. The fish cage was developed to supportthe creation of a small scale demonstration farm, located in the Strait of Canakkale, off the coast of Guzelyalitown in Turkey. The surface gravity-type, octagonal shaped fish cage was designed to have a diameter of 6m and a copper alloy mesh chamber depth of 5 m. The present study details the cage construction and systemdeployment of one fish cage utilized a chain link mesh net chamber with a copper alloy developed by Wieland-Werke in Germany, with reference to work load challenge and estimation of man-power necessary forthe partial and total work efforts. As a conclusion, one cage equipped with copper-alloy mesh pen was broughtto a final shape with the net chamber assembled and attached to the cage frame in 3 days and 90 man-hours.The HDPE (high density polythylene) cage frame was assembled by an outside company, therefore detail ofthe main cage frame is not discussed in this paper.
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    Dietary effect of grape (Vitis vinifera) seed extract mitigates hepatic disorders caused by oxidized fish oil in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
    (Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023) Terzi, Funda; Demirci, Beste; Acar, Ümit; Yüksel, Süleyman; Salum, Çagatay; Erol, Hüseyin Serkan; Kesbiç, Osman Sabri
    The major goal of this study was to determine the effect of grape seed extract (GSE) on liver damage in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that was caused by the consumption of dietary oxidized fish oil (OFO). Rainbow trout were fed six different experimental diets coded OX-GSE 0 (OFO diet), OX-GSE 1 (OFO and 0.1% GSE), OX-GSE 3 (OFO and 0.3% GSE), GSE 0 (fresh fish oil and 0.0% GSE), GSE 1 (fresh fish oil and 0.1% GSE), and GSE 3 (fresh fish oil and 0.3% GSE) for 30 days. The lowest % hepatosomatic index (HSI) result was calculated in fish fed with OX-GSE 0 and the highest HSI was determined in fish fed with GSE 1 diets (p < 0.05). Histopathologically, hydropic degeneration in hepatocytes significantly increased OX-GSE 0 and GSE 3 compared to GSE 1 diets (p < 0.05). Deposition of lipid droplets in hepatocytes was significantly increased in OX-GSE 0 and OX-GSE 3 groups than others (p < 0.05). Liver biochemistry parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly affected by OX and GSE treatments (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) among the liver enzymes analyzed in serum in OX and GSE (p < 0.05), meanwhile no difference was observed in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) values between groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, liver biochemistry and histopathology of rainbow trout consuming diets containing oxidized fish oil were negatively affected. However, it was determined that the supplementation of 0.1% GSE to the diet had a significant ameliorative role in these adverse effects.
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    Does dietary incorporation level of pea protein isolate influence the digestive system morphology in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)?
    (Wiley, 2021) Demirci, Beste; Terzi, Funda; Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Acar, Ümit; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Kesbiç, Fevziye Işıl
    In the present study, fish meal (FM) was replaced by pea (Pisum sativum) protein (PP) in diet for Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at levels of 0% (PP0), 25% (PP25), 50% (PP50), 75% (PP75) and 100% (PP100), and the effect of dietary PP level on the digestive system tracts and liver was investigated by micromorphological and histopathological evaluations. Morphometric measurements (mm 100g fish(-1)) of the liver width and stomach length in rainbow trout were found to be significantly larger (p <0.05) in fish with high-level pea protein as the main protein source (PP75, PP100) compared to the low-level PP replacement group (PP25). No significant differences were found in morphometric measurements for pyloric caecum and intestines among treatment groups, whereas the number of the caecum of fish fed the PP25 diets significantly increased over the control (PP0) (p<0.05). In the histological examination of the liver, mild hydropic and vacuolar degeneration was observed in all experimental groups except PP0 and PP25. The measurements of pyloric caecum fold height, enterocyte length and width of tunica muscularis of the high-level pea protein groups of PP75 and PP100 were significantly higher (p <0.05) compared to the control group. In conclusion, 25% substitution of PP can be suggested for FM in trout diets, because the findings of the present study provided evidence that the digestive system improved by increasing the number of pyloric caecum at this replacement level.
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    Effects of Tank Color on Growth Performance and Nitrogen Excretion of European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Juveniles
    (Springer India, 2016) Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Yiğit, Murat; Acar, Ümit
    The present study investigated feed efficiency and growth performance of juvenile Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) cultured in tanks with different colors. Triplicate groups of experimental fish were distributed into 12 tanks, which showed four different tank colors, i.e. red, blue, green, and yellow. All the fish in the trial received the same diet for a period of 60 days. Forty fish with an average weight of 44 g were stocked in the tank. All experimental tanks were supplied with seawater of 22 ppt salinity with temperature ranging between 17–20 °C during the course of the experiment. Tank water volume in the experimental facility of the recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) was set to 40 L. The RAS system consisted of bio-filtration, UV filtration and gravel-mechanic filtration units. Results in the present study demonstrated that growth performance and feed utilization were affected by the tank colors tested in the trial. It is concluded that the selection of appropriate tank color might affect economic benefits in aquaculture facilities. © 2014, The National Academy of Sciences, India.
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    Evaluation of an innovative and sustainable pre-commercial compound as replacement of fish meal in diets for rainbow trout during pre-fattening phase: Effects on growth performances, haematological parameters and fillet quality traits
    (MDPI, 2021) Acar, Ümit; Giannetto, Alessia; Giannetto, Daniela; Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Romano, Alessandro; Tezel, Rifat
    The aim of the study was to determine the potential and sustainable use of pre-commercial product ITTINSECT™ APS V1 as a major protein source in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diets. A 60-day feeding experiment was conducted to potentially use ITTINSECT as fish meal replacement in the diets of rainbow trout. Five isonitrogenous in dry matter (38% crude protein) and isolipidic (15% crude lipid) diets were produced: a control diet (fishmeal-based) (ITT0) and four experimental diets replacing fishmeal by 25 (ITT25), 50 (ITT50), 75 (ITT75) and 100 (ITT100) %, with ITTINSECT™ APS V1. Triplicate tanks, containing 15 fish each (65.81 ± 1.26 g), were hand-fed to apparent satiation twice every day during the experiment. At the end of the feeding trial, significantly higher growth performance was observed in the group fed ITTM25 and ITTM50 diets. This performance was supported by growth-related gene expressions analyzed in muscle; significantly higher GH and IGF-I genes expression levels were determined in ITT25 and ITT50 when compared to control (ITT0) (p < 0.05). While no significant differences were found between the hematology values (p > 0.05), serum total protein, globulins and glucose levels were significantly different between experimental groups (p < 0.05). In addition to this, the immune-related genes such as TNF-α, IL8 and IL1-β expression levels were determined to be significantly different (p < 0.05). In conclusion, in order to achieve the best growth performance in rainbow trout and enhance sustainable aquaculture practices, replacement of fish meal with up to 50% ITTINSECT™APS V1 in diets for rainbow trout is suggested.
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    Evaluation of Citrus limon peels essential oil on growth performance, immune response of Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus challenged with Edwardsiella tarda
    (Elsevier, 2016) Baba, Esin; Acar, Ümit; Ontaş, Canan; Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Yılmaz, Sevdan
    The present study was carried on to determine the effects of Citrus limon peel essential oil as feed supplement on non-specific immune system, disease resistance against Edwardsiella tarda and growth performance in Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Fish were randomly distributed at 25 fish per 50 L aquariums and fed with commercial diets supplemented with different ratios (0% for the control group and then 0.5%, 0.75% and 1%) of limon essential oil for 60 days. At the end of the feeding trial, immunological, biochemical and biometrical parameters were assessed. Also following 60 days of feeding, the fish were injected with E. tarda and mortalities were recorded. Results showed that C. limon peel essential oil supplementation diet enhanced the Nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) positive cell count and total white blood cell (WBC) in tilapia. At the same time a significant change was found in the lysozyme activity and myeloperoxidase activity in serum. Serum glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides decreased while total protein increased in the groups fed with C. limon essential oil supplemented diets. All C. limon peel essential oil supplemented groups showed reduced mortalities following E. tarda infection compared with the control group. The results indicated that C. limon peel essential oil supplementation could improve non-specific immune parameters and growth performance and decrease mortality rate of cultured tilapia. Statement of relevance: This study determined the effects of an Citrus limon peel essential oil on immune system and resistance to disease in tilapia. The using of essential oil in fish diet prevented tilapia partially from edwardsiellosis disease and increase survival rate also enhance the immune response in fish. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Evaluation of metabolic stress status in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to the fungicide folpet
    (Elsevier Inc., 2023) Acar, Ümit; Erden, Yavuz; İnanan, Burak Evren; Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Çelik, Ekrem Şanver
    Among pesticides, fungicides are the most extensively used ones in agriculture and their effects on fish health and indirectly human health are needed to evaluate. Folpet has been used for over 50 years as a fungicide across the world. The mechanism of action of folpet on non-target aquatic organisms is so poorly understood and there is no available information about potential acute toxicity of folpet and its mechanism of action in non-target aquatic organisms. With this motivation, two successive experiments were set up: first, 96 h-LC50 value of folpet for common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was determined; and second, effects of different sublethal concentrations (0, 0.025, 0.50, 0.1 and 0.15 mg/L) of folpet on hematological serum biochemical blood parameters, DNA damages, expression levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and cortisol receptor (HSP70) genes were evaluated in this study. It was calculated that 0.199 mg/L of folpet was the 96 h-LC50 value. After the folpet exposure for 14 days, significant decreases in red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum total protein, and GST gene expression levels were observed while serum glucose, liver enzymes activities, and expression levels of CAT, SOD, GPx, HSP70 genes increased. Also, folpet induced a significant genotoxic effect on the blood cells regarding to DNA damages. Consequently, the results have shown the toxic effects of folpet even at the lowest concentration on common carp.
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    Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves: Possible Useful Additives to Enhance Reproductive and Growth Performance of Male Oreochromis niloticus
    (Central Fisheries Research Institute, 2025) Naz, Saira; Habib, Syed Sikandar; Acar, Ümit; Majeed, Saima; Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Ullah, Mujeeb; Khayyam, Khayyam
    The current study aimed to test Moringa oleifera leaves extract on the growth and reproductive performance of male Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). We purchased 420 healthy Nile tilapia (60.32±3.13 g) from the local fish farm for the feeding experiment. The fish were divided in triplicates into seven groups, including the control group, with each group consisting of 60 fish species (20 per glass aquarium). They were maintained in glass aquariums measuring 60×40×35 cm throughout the 60-day feeding trial. Experimental diets, incorporating various concentrations of M. oleifera extracts (0% 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12%), were administered to the fish at 3% of their body weight. The results revealed that experimental diets significantly (P<0.05) increased the growth and reproductive performance of the Nile tilapia compared to the control group. M. oleifera significantly (P<0.05) enhanced the levels of testosterone and luteinizing hormones. Furthermore, there was a progressive increase in the overall fertility rate with increasing concentrations of the plant extract. However, the overall performance of the fish decreased with increasing concentrations beyond 12%. The current study concluded that M. oleifera extract can be used to increase the fecundity and growth rate of the fish. © 2025, Central Fisheries Research Institute. All rights reserved.
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    Farklı tank renklerinin levrek, Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) yavrularında yem değerlendirme ve büyüme performansı üzerine etkileri
    (Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2012) Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Yiğit, Murat
    Bu çalışmada, yetiştiricilik ortamında kullanılan farklı tank renklerinin levrek balığı, Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1752) yavrularında yem değerlendirme ve büyüme performansı üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Levrek yavruları kırmızı, , yeşil, mavi ve sarı olmak üzere dört farklı renkte ve toplam 12 adet tankta 60 gün süreyle beslenmiş ve araştırma 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Bütün deneme grupları besin içeriği aynı olan yemler ile beslenmiştir. Yavru balıklar (44 g) 40 adet/tank olacak şekilde 40 L'lik PVC tanklara yerleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın sürdürüldüğü kapalı devre üretim tesisi biyolojik, ultraviyole (UV) ve kum filtresinden oluşmuş ve çalışmanın gerçekleştirildiği süre içerisinde su sıcaklığı 17-20 °C aralığında değişim göstermiştir. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen verilere göre, su ürünleri işletmelerinde balıkların büyüme hızı ve yem verimliliğinin yetiştiricilik ortamındaki tank renginden etkilenebileceği ve ekonomik verimliliğin de tank renklerindeki tercihe göre değişebileceği belirlenmiştir.
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    Gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Yemlerinde Balık Unu Yerine Kullanılan Acı Bakla Ununun (Lupinus albus) Bazı İmmünolojik Parametreler ve Gen Ekspresyon Seviyeleri Üzerine Etkisi
    (Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2018-07-17) Acar, Ümit; Karabayır, Ali; Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Zemheri, Fahriye
    Bu çalışmada, gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) yavru yemlerinde balık unu yerine farklı oranlarda acı bakla (Lupinus albus) unu ikamesinin (% 0(ABU0), 15(ABU15), 30(ABU30), 45(ABU45) ve 60(ABU60)) gökkuşağı alabalığı TNF-?, IL-1ß ve IL-8 genlerinin ekspresyon seviyelerindeki değişim ile bazı immünolojik parametreler üzerine etkileri belirlenmiştir. Besleme denemesinde kullanılan yemler temel protein kaynağı balık unu ve acı bakla unu olmak üzere ortalama %41,5 ham protein ve %18,1 yağ içerecek şekilde hazırlanmıştır. Besleme denemesinde kullanılan yemlerin esansiyel amino asit içeriklerinin tamamı alabalık gereksiniminden yüksek olduğu gözlenmiştir. 60 gün süren deneme sonunda her grupta 15 balıktan kan ve karaciğer doku örnekleri alınmıştır. Alınan kan örneklerinden lizozim (LİZ), myeloperoksidaz (MPO) ve respiratöri burst (RBT) aktivitesi analizleri karaciğer doku örneklerinden gökkuşağı alabalığına özgü ß-aktin, TNF-?, IL-1ß ve IL-8 genleri üzerinden moleküler tetkikler yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre gökkuşağı alabalığı yavru yemlerinde acı bakla unu kullanımına bağlı olarak TNF-?, IL-1ß ve IL-8 genleri ekspresyon seviyelerinin ve LİZ ve RBT aktivitelerinin artış gösterdiği (p<0,05), MPO aktivitesi üzerine etkisi olmadığı gözlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak acı bakla ununun gökkuşağı alabalığı yemlerinde %60 oranında balık unu yerine ikame edilmesinin gökkuşağı alabalıklarında bağışıklık sistemini olumlu yönde etkilediği sonucuna varılmıştır.
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    Sustainable Use of Orange Peel Essential Oil: A Natural Antioxidant to Combat Fish Oil Oxidation
    (Kastamonu University, 2024) Erol, Hüseyin Serkan; Metin, Hilal; Kaynar, Özgür; Acar, Ümit; Kesbiç, Osman Sabri
    This study examines the protective effects of orange peel essential oil (OEo) against the oxidation of fish oil and its prospective application as an antioxidant. The investigation involved the addition of varying ratios of OEo (100 ppm-1600 ppm) to fish oil, and the protective effects against oxidation were assessed using measurements of peroxide value (PV) and malondialdehyde (MDA) generation. The accelerated oxidation test was conducted at a temperature of 55°C, 70% humidity, and continuous light for a duration of 120 hours. Furthermore, statistical disparities among the experimental groups were examined. The results indicated considerably reduced levels of PV and MDA (p [TR] Bu çalışma, portakal kabuğu esansiyel yağının (OEo) balık yağının oksidasyonuna karşı koruyucu etkilerini ve bir antioksidan olarak olası uygulamalarını incelemektedir. Araştırmada balık yağına farklı oranlarda OEo (100 ppm-1600 ppm) eklenmiş ve oksidasyona karşı peroksit değeri (PV) ve malondialdehit (MDA) oluşumu ölçümleri kullanılarak koruyucu etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Hızlandırılmış oksidasyon testi 55°C sıcaklık, %70 nem ve 120 saat süreyle sürekli ışık altında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca, deney grupları arasındaki istatistiksel farklılıklar incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, kontrol grubuna kıyasla OEo katkılanmış balık yağlarında PV ve MDA seviyelerinin önemli ölçüde azaldığını göstermiştir (p
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    Utilization of corn gluten meal as a protein source in diets for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) juveniles
    (2012) Yiğit, Murat; Bulut, Musa; Ergün, Sebahattin; Güroy, Derya; Karga, Mustafa; Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Yılmaz, Sevdan
    Bu çalışmada çipura yemlerinde balık ununun bir kısmı yerine mısır glüten ununun (CGM) kullanılabilirliği incelenmiştir. Araştırmada hamsi unu, artan miktarlarda (0%, 10%, 20% ve 30%) mısır glüten unu ile ikame edilerek hazırlanan dört farklı deneysel yemlerle (izo-nitrojenik ve izo-kalorik, %52 protein ve %10 yağ, 19 kJ/g yem) yavru çipura balıkları (ortalama ağırlık 1,5 g) günde 2 kez olmak üzere beslenmişlerdir. Üç tekerrürlü olarak 45 gün süreyle gerçekleştirilen çalışma, Kapalı Devre Üretim (RAS) sisteminde ve 18±2 °C’lik su ortamında yürütülmüştür. Deneme grupları arasında %10 CGM içeren yem grubunda elde edilen büyüme performansı değerlendirildiğinde, %100 balık unu (FM) içeren kontrol yem grubu ile benzerlik gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Deneme süresince tüm gruplarda yaşam oranı %100 olarak kaydedilmiştir. Yemdeki CGM ilavesi %20 ve %30 olan deneme gruplarında elde edilen büyüme performansı ile yem verimliliği ve protein verimliliği değerlerinin kontrol grubunda ve %10 CGM grubunda elde edilen verilere göre daha düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ancak, bu farklılıklar CGM10 ve CGM20 grupları arasında istatistiksel yönden önemsiz olarak kaydedilmiştir. Büyüme performansına ilişkin ekonomik verimlilik analizlerine göre elde edilen sonuçlar da deneme grupları arasında en büyük kazancın ve karlılık oranının %10 CGM içeren yem grubunda elde edildiği anlaşılmıştır. Bu çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre, herhangi bir amino asit desteği olmaksızın, sadece mısır glüten unu kullanımının, yavru çipura balıklarında büyüme performansı, yem verimliliği veya ekonomik indeksler açısından herhangi bir olumsuz etki göstermeyeceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
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    Üzüm çekirdeği ekstraktının gökkuşağı alabalığında (Oncorhynchus mykiss) büyüme performansı ve bazı bağışıklık sistemi parametreleri üzerine etkileri
    (Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2016) Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Yiğit, Murat
    Gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) yemlerine ilave edilen üzüm (Vitis vinifera) çekirdeği ekstraktının (UCE) büyüme performansı, fileto besin kompozisyonu ile kan hematoloji, biyokimyası ve bağışıklık sistemi üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Dört farklı oranlarda (0, 0,5, 1, 2 g/kg) UCE içeren deneme yemleriyle 90 gün beslenen alabalıklarda en iyi yem değerlendirme UCE1 grubunda elde edilmiş, en yüksek büyüme performansı UCE0,5 ve UCE1 gruplarında kaydedilmiştir (p<0,05). Balık vücudundaki protein oranı yemdeki UCE miktarlarından etkilenmiş ve en yüksek oran UCE0,5 grubunda bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Yemdeki UCE miktarı balıklarda hematolojik parametreleri etkilemiş ve UCE1 grubunda eritrosit (EM) ve hemoglobin (Hb) miktarları önemli düzeyde artmıştır (p<0,05). Çalışma sonunda 0,5 g/kg UCE içeren yemlerle beslenen balıklarda serum glikoz (GLU) seviyesinin ve düşük yoğunluklu lipoprotein (LDL) ile kolesterol (CHOL) değerlerinin düştüğü, buna karşılık serum lipaz (LIP) ile protein seviyelerinin ve yüksek yoğunluklu lipoproteinin (HDL) önemli oranda yükseldiği belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Yemdeki UCE oranı 1 g/kg’a çıkartıldığında, balıklarda serum glikoz (GLU) ve serum lipaz (LIP) seviyesinin önemli ölçüde azaldığı (p<0,05), serum proteinler ve amilaz (AMI) seviyesinin ise yükseldiği kaydedilmiştir (p<0,05). Yemdeki UCE düzeyinin 0,5 g/kg olduğu deneme grubunda alkalen fosfataz (ALP) ve glutamik pirüvik transamilaz (GPT) değerleri azalma gösterirken (p<0,05), yemdeki UCE miktarının 2 g/kg’a yükselmesiyle, ALP ve laktat dehidrogenaz (LDH) değerlerinde önemli bir artış kaydedilmiştir (p<0,05). Gruplar arası en yüksek serum lizozim (LI) ve fagositik aktivite (FA) değerleri UCE0,5 grubunda, en yüksek miyeloperoksidaz (MPO) aktivitesi ise UCE1 grubunda gözlenmiştir. ix Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, 1 g/kg UCE içeren yemlerin balıklarda hematolojik, immunolojik, biyokimyasal parametreler ve biyometrik ölçümler üzerine olumlu etkiler ortaya koyduğu, 2 g/kg üzerine çıkarıldığında ise, balıklar üzerine olumsuz etkiler gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Buna göre, gökkuşağı alabalığı yemlerinde % 0,1 oranında üzüm çekirdeği ekstratı kullanılmasının balıklarda büyüme performansını önemli düzeyde artırabileceği, balık refahını yükseltebileceği ve su koşullarına bağlı oluşabilecek strese karşı toleranslı hale gelebileceği anlaşılmaktadır.