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    Effects of dietary marine sulphated polysaccharides (Algimun®) on growth performance, immune responses and disease resistance of juvenile gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) to Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida
    (Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Guroy, Derya; Guroy, Betul; Bilen, Soner; Terzi, Ertugrul; Kenanoglu, Osman Nezih; Garcia-Suarez, Maria; Marzin, Daniele
    The present study evaluated the effects of a dietary mix of marine sulphated polysaccharides, named Algimun (R) (AL), supplementation to gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles in terms of growth performance, immune responses, and resistance against Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida. A total of 240 fish (initial mean weight of 6.00 +/- 0.03 g) was randomly separated into 12 tanks (400 L, 20 fish per tank) distributed in four replicates. Fish were fed three experimental diets: a basal diet (Control), and a basal diet with two inclusion rates of Algimun (R) as 3 g/kg (AL0.3) and 5 g/kg (AL0.5) for 30 days before bacterial infection with P. damselae subsp. piscicida. After a 30-day feeding-period, growth performance was significantly improved in AL0.3 and AL0.5 groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). AL0.3 and AL0.5 groups showed significantly higher lysozyme activity and myelopemxidase activity when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The gene expression of immune mediators (IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, TNF-alpha and COX-2) was significantly upregulated in the intestine, spleen and head kidney in AL0.3 and AL0.5 groups when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Eight days post-challenge, the survival rate against P. damselae subsp. piscicida was numerically higher in fish within AL0.3 and AL0.5 groups compared to control (+20%). The study findings suggest that marine sulphated polysaccharides (Algimun (R)) could be used as an immunomodulator in gilthead seabream to support animal's health and boost resistance in case of disease outbreak.
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    Immunological Responses, Expression of Immune-Related Genes, and Disease Resistance of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed Diets Supplied with Capsicum (Capsicum annuum) Oleoresin
    (Mdpi, 2024) Yılmaz, Sevdan; Kenanoglu, Osman Nezih; Ergün, Sebahattin; Celik, Ekrem Sanver; Gurkan, Mert; Mehana, Elsayed Eldeeb; Abdel-Latif, Hany M. R.
    A 45-day feeding study was carried out to assess the immune-stimulatory effects of capsicum oleoresin when added to rainbow trout diets. A total of 450 fish (mean weight: 155.20 +/- 1.96 g) were distributed into 400 L tanks (30 fish/tank) across five experimental groups: control (CT, 0%), C7 (0.7%), C14 (1.4%), C21 (2.1%), and C28 (2.8%). Each group consisted of three replicate tanks. At the end of this period, hemato-biochemical parameters, innate immune responses, and immune-related gene expression levels were evaluated, and a histological examination of head kidney and liver sections was conducted. Finally, fish in all groups were challenged with Lactococcus garvieae and observed for an additional 20 days. The results revealed that oleoresin supplementation enhanced the immune responses of the treated fish, which was evidenced by the increased globulin, total protein, respiratory burst activity, and total immunoglobulin levels. The highest expression levels of the il-8, il-1 beta, TGF-beta, and SAA genes was noticed in the C7 group, as compared with the results for the other groups. The IgT gene expression levels were higher in all experimental groups than in the CT group, and this increase was at the highest level in the C28 group. Following the bacterial challenge, all experimental groups displayed higher survival rates compared to that of the CT group. These values were 75.93, 72.22, 46.30, 33.33, and 29.63% in the C7, C14, C21, C28, and CT groups, respectively, with the C7 group displaying the highest survival rate among the groups. The histological examination of liver and head kidney tissues revealed that higher doses (in the C21 and C28 groups) showed an increase in cytoplasmic vacuolization, which causes adverse effects on fish health. However, the C7 group displayed normal histological structure in both tissues. Taken together, the most favorable immune responses were achieved in the C7 group, suggesting that 0.7% oleoresin could be applied to rainbow trout to boost immunity and protect the fish from diseases.
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    The Effect of Acidic Stress on Hematological, Immunological and Biochemical Parameters in Triploid and Diploid Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
    (Kastamonu Univ, Orman Fak, 2017) Yılmaz, Sevdan; Celik, Ekrem Sanver; Kenanoglu, Osman Nezih; Ergün, Sebahattin
    Early maturity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is an economic loss for fish production industry since flesh quality and appearance get deformed as metabolic energy is directed from somatic growth into reproduction. Triploid fish production dramatically reduces this situation, even if it does not fully wipe it out. However, the resistance of triploid fish against different stress factors resulted from aquaculture conditions is contentious compared to diploids. Acidic stress results not only from acid rains, acidic polluters and acidic waste water, but it might also result from increasing stock density under aquaculture circumstances. It is already known that acidic water has negative effects on fish. The present study investigated the effect of acidic stress on haematological, immunological and serum biochemical variables of the diploid and triploid rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Acidic stress was achieved by exposing the sampled fish to acidic water (pH 5.2) for 4 days. Results showed that the red blood cell count, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular Hb, and mean corpuscular Hb concentration, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, triglyceride and cholesterol were not significantly affected by acidic stress in diploid and triploid fish. However, an acidic stress caused an increase in the NBT, lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activity of diploid fish. This study results indicate that the some non-specific immune functions of triploid rainbow trout did not affect by acidic water.