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    Assessment of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in COVID-19 patients
    (Cukurova Univ, Fac Medicine, 2025) Aliravci, Isil Deniz; Berber, Ahmet Ali; Kenanoglu, Nihan Akinci; Ertekin, Yusuf Haydar
    Purpose: The objective of our study was to ascertain whether the SARS-CoV-2 virus exerts direct cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on human blood defence cells. Materials and Methods: An in vitro analysis was conducted to assess the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the virus using three established tests: the mitotic index (MI), micronucleus (MN), and comet assay (CA). These tests were applied to blood samples from 101 patients. The blood samples were simultaneously analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. The study population included patients of all ages and genders who presented to the outpatient clinic with symptoms suggestive of a respiratory tract infection and fever. Results: The frequency of MN in the human lymphocytes of COVID-19-infected patients (1.06) was higher compared to COVID-19-negative patients (0.68). Similarly, in COVID-19-positive individuals, parameters such as tail length (3.67), tail moment (1.786), and tail intensity in the comet assay showed a significant increase compared to the negative control, indicating DNA damage. In the cytotoxicity assessment, the MI frequency of COVID-19-positive individuals (0.041) was significantly lower than that of negative controls (0.051). Gender did not influence the cyto/genotoxicity (except for tail length) in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Among age groups, the SARS-CoV-2 virus increased MI frequency and tail intensity only in middle-aged individuals (26-36 years). Conclusion: The SARS-CoV-2 virus has the potential to induce cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in the human lymphocytes of infected individuals.
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    Deciphering the genotoxic and cytotoxic properties of teicoplanin: a combined laboratory and computational investigation
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Berber, Ahmet Ali; Aliravci, Isil Deniz; Kenanoglu, Nihan Akinci; Demir, Sefika Nur
    In this study, the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of the teicoplanin antibiotic were first investigated using the Vega Hub and Toxtree software through in silico prediction. The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects were evaluated using in vitro assays, including the mitotic index (MI), micronucleus (MN), nuclear division index (NDI), and Comet Assay (CA) in human lymphocytes. In the in vitro studies, both 24-hour and 48-hour exposures were conducted for MI, and teicoplanin significantly decreased MI compared to the control at all concentrations. In addition, a significant increase was detected in the MN frequency compared to the negative control at all concentrations. In the Comet assay, tail length significantly increased compared to the control at all concentrations except for 5.6 mu g/mL, while tail moment and comet tail intensity significantly increased at all concentrations compared to the control. In conclusion, within the concentration range used in this study, teicoplanin was found to have cytotoxic and genotoxic effects.
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    Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on human lymphocytes: A comprehensive analysis
    (Elsevier, 2025) Berber, Ahmet Ali; Kenanoglu, Nihan Akinci; Demir, Sefika Nur; Aksoy, Huseyin
    A growing amount of plastic waste is finding its way into natural ecosystems as a result of the widespread usage of plastics in modern society. These wastes degrade physically and biologically over time, transforming into microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs). MPs and NPs emissions from the terrestrial environment then mix with rivers and eventually the seas, forming garbage. The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of 50 nm polystyrene nanoplastics (PsNP) on human lymphocytes were assessed using the in vitro mitotic index (MI), micronucleus (MN), and comet assays. Both 24 and 48-h applications were performed for MI, and it was determined that 50 nm PsNP provided a statistically significant decrease in MI compared to the control at all concentrations and application times (except 0.001 and 0.1 mu g/mL at 24 h). According to the MN test results, the MN frequency increased significantly at all concentrations when compared to the negative control. In the comet test, a statistically significant increase of comet tail length was observed at 0.001, 10 and 100 mu g/mL concentration with 50 nm PsNP exposure. Tail moment also showed a statistically significant increase at the lowest concentration of 0.001 mu g/mL and the highest concentration of 1, 10, 100 mu g/mL compared to the negative control. All test results show that PsNP has both genotoxic and cytotoxic potential.