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    THE EFFECT OF PINEALECTOMY, MELATONIN AND LEPTIN HORMONES ON OVARIAN FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT IN FEMALE SYRIAN HAMSTERS (MESOCRICETUS AURATUS)
    (Akademiai Kiado Zrt, 2010) Karakas, A.; Kaya, Aliye; Gunduz, B.
    We studied the effects of melatonin and leptin hormones on ovarian follicular development in intact and pinealectomized female Syrian hamsters. We first monitored the oestrous cycle of the hamsters by the vaginal smear samples throughout a ten day period to start the injections simultaneously in all groups and performed saline, melatonin and leptin hormone injection groups for both control and pinealectomized hamsters. Then the injections were applied for four days starting the oestrus phase of the cycle and the ovaries were removed for preparation of histological analysis. We measured the diameters and the numbers of the follicles and we classified the follicles according to the number of the granulosa cell layer. Leptin hormone injection increased melatonin hormone injection decreased the number and the diameter of the follicles. The stimulating effect of the leptin hormone was more pronounced in the pinealectomized group. The results of the present study indicate that the removal of the pineal gland and leptin hormone administration are playing a stimulatory while melatonin hormone administration is playing an inhibitory role on the follicular development in female Syrian hamsters.
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    The effects of the intraamygdalar melatonin injections on the anxiety like behavior and the spatial memory performance in male Wistar rats
    (Elsevier, 2011) Karakas, Alper; Coskun, Hamit; Kaya, Aliye; Kucuk, Aysegul; Gunduz, Bulent
    In the present study, the effects of intraamygdalar administrations of melatonin (1 and 100 mu g/kg), saline and diazepam on the anxiety-like behavior and spatial memory performance in pinealectomized and sham-pinealectomized Wistar rats were investigated. The animals were tested by open field and elevated plus maze tests for anxiety-like behavior, and Morris water maze test for spatial memory. In open field, (a) diazepam was more effective in reducing the anxiety, (b) control subjects were more mobile than pinealectomized subjects and (c) 100 mu g/kg melatonin administrations reduced the velocity of the animals. In elevated plus maze, (a) 100 mu g/kg melatonin administrations increased the distance totally travelled and (b) enhanced the time spent in open arms, however, after the pinealectomy, 1 mu g/kg melatonin administrations decreased it and (c) control animals were less mobile than pinealectomized ones. In Morris water maze, (a) diazepam group travelled more distance than the others in control condition whereas, in pinealectomy condition high dose of melatonin and saline groups travelled more distance than the others, (b) in pinealectomy condition subjects who received 100 mu g/kg melatonin also travelled more distance than those who received 1 mu g/kg melatonin and diazepam, (c) the subjects who received 1 mu g/kg spent less time than those who received other treatments, and (d) in control condition subjects who received 100 mu g/kg melatonin were slower than those who received the other treatments. In conclusion, melatonin administration to amygdala decreased the anxiety; however, spatial memory performance of the rats was impaired by the pinealectomy and melatonin administrations. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.