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Öğe Assessing the impact of agro-industrial olive wastes in soil water retention: Implications for remediation of degraded soils and water availability for plant growth(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2014) Killi, Dilek; Anlauf, Ruediger; Kavdir, Yasemin; Haworth, MatthewOlive solid waste (OSW) is a toxic by-product of olive oil production. Disposal of OSW is a major problem in many Mediterranean countries leading to increased interest in its potential as an organic fertiliser. Relatively little is known regarding the impact of augmentation with OSW and olive solid waste compost (OSWC) on soil hydraulic properties. The effect of OSW and OSWC on the hydraulic characteristics of common agricultural soils with high sand but very different silt and clay contents was analysed. Increased organic inputs induced reductions in soil bulk density and increases in air capacity, hydraulic conductivity and the water content available for plant growth (AWC) in the Sandy Clay Loam (SCL) soil. Similar patterns were observed in Loamy Sand (LS) soil augmented with OSW, but OSWC caused reductions in hydraulic conductivity, air capacity and AWC. Nonetheless, over longer timescales OSWC may benefit the hydraulic properties of loamy sand soils as the compost becomes fully incorporated within the soil structure. Augmentation with organic olive waste induced the hydraulic parameters of the sandy clay loam soil to become identical to those loamy sand (LS) with a higher available water capacity; suggesting that soil augmentation with OSW and OSWC may be an effective tool in remediating and improving degraded or organic poor soils. In terms of the improvement of hydraulic parameters, application rates of 6-8% OSW/OSWC were most beneficial for both soil types. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Assessment of the water quality of Troia for the multipurpose usages(Springer, 2007) Ozcan, Hasan; Ekinci, Huseyin; Baba, Alper; Kavdir, Yasemin; Yuksel, Orhan; Yigini, YusufThe aim of this study was to determine the origin and quality of waters in Troia. For this purpose total of 25 water samples including 2 springs, 14 surfaces and 9 groundwaters, were collected at eight different times. Global positioning system (GPS) was used to determine to coordinates of sampling points. The concentration of 6 minor elements (B, Cu, F, Fe, Pb and Zn), 9 major anions and cations (Na(+), Ca(2+), K(+), Mg(2+), SO(4)(2-), PO(4)(3-), HCO(3)(-), Cl(-) and, CO(3)(2-)) were determined by spectrometric, colorimetric and volumetric methods. Water pH, EC, DO, ORP and TDS were measured in situ using probes. The data showed that the concentrations of most of minor elements were below the EPA and TSE limits except Pb which ranged between 0.001 and 4.832 mg L(-1). Statistically significant relationships (P < 0.01 and r > 0.70) were observed between Fe and Cu, Cu and K(+), Cu and Ca(2+), B and Na(+), Na(+) and K(+). Assessing the water based on irrigation using Wilcox model showed that some well waters were not suitable for irrigation. Troia water was found to be highly corrosive and the average corrosion coefficients varied from 0.5 to 4.6. According to the Piper and Schoeller diagrams results, the water in Troia was classified as mixed water type.Öğe Change of Some Soil Quality Characteristics under Different Pasture Reclamation Methods of Rangelands(Galenos Publ House, 2013) Turkmen, Cafer; Müftüoğlu, Nuray Mücella; Kavdir, YaseminThe present study was conducted to investigate the effects of different pasture reclamation methods on soil characteristics. For this purpose, soil samples were taken from 0-15 and 15-30 cm depths of the pasture lands subjected to 5 different reclamation processes from 8 different locations of each process during the second week of May of 2008 and 2009. Soil reaction, soil salinity, lime content, total carbon, total nitrogen, aggregate stability, bulk density, particle density, catalase and urease enzyme activities and mesophyllic aerobic microorganism count tests were carried out on soil samples for two years. Effects of reclamation processes on soil reaction, soil salinity, lime content, total nitrogen, aggregate stability, catalase enzyme activity and mesophyllic microorganism counts found to be significant at P<0.01 level. Effects of treatments on total carbon and urease enzyme activity were found to be significant at P<0.05 level. Effects of soil depth on soil salinity, total carbon, catalase and urease enzyme activities were found to be significant at P<0.01 level; soil reaction, total nitrogen, aggregate stability, bulk density, partical density and mesophyllic microorganism counts were found to be significant at P<0.05 level. Interactions of treatments and depth were not significant at any level.Öğe Comparison of some quality properties of soils around land-mined areas and adjacent agricultural fields(Springer, 2012) Ozturkmen, Ali Riza; Kavdir, YaseminWhen agricultural lands are no longer used for agriculture and allowed to recover its natural vegetation, soil organic carbon can accumulate in the soil. Measurements of soil organic carbon and aggregate stability changes under various forms of land use are needed for the development of sustainable systems. Therefore, comparison of soil samples taken from both agricultural and nearby area close to land-mined fields where no agricultural practices have been done since 1956 can be a good approach to evaluate the effects of tillage and agriculture on soil quality. The objective of this study was to compare tillage, cropping and no tillage effects on some soil-quality parameters. Four different locations along the Turkey-Syria border were selected to determine effects of tillage and cropping on soil quality. Each location was evaluated separately because of different soil type and treatments. Comparisons were made between non-tilled and non-cropped fallow since 1956 and adjacent restricted lands that were tilled about every 2 years but not planted (T) or adjacent lands tilled and planted with wheat and lentil (P). Three samples were taken from the depths of 0-20 and 20-40 cm each site. Soil organic carbon (SOC), pH ,electrical conductivity, water soluble Ca++, Mg++, CO3-2 and HCO3-, extractable potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+), soil texture, ammonium (NH4+ - N) and nitrate (NO3-N), extractable phosphorous and soil aggregate stability were determined. While the SOC contents of continuous tillage without cropping and continuous tillage and cropping were 2.2 and 11.6 g kg(-1), respectively, it was 30 g kg(-1) in non-tilled and non-planted site. Tillage of soil without the input of any plant material resulted in loss of carbon from the soil in all sites. Soil extractable NO3-N contents of non-tilled and non-cropped sites were greatest among all treatments. Agricultural practices increased phosphorus and potassium contents in the soil profile. P2O5 contents of planted soils were approximately 20 to 39 times greater than those of non-tilled and non-cropped soils at different sites. FTIR spectra showed that never tilled sites had greater phenol, carboxylic acid, amide, aromatic compounds, polysaccharide and carbohydrates than other treatments.Öğe Determining The Potential of Biochar Production from Agricultural and Livestock Wastes in Turkey(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2016) Sumer, Sarp Korkut; Kavdir, Yasemin; Cicek, GiyasettinIn this study, the potential of converting agricultural and animal wastes to biochar were theoretically determined and biochar production possibilities were evaluated in Turkey. TUIK statistical data and coefficients determined by various institutions and investigators were taken into account to determine biochar potential of production activities with potentially available wastes. Biochar conversion potential of agricultural and animal production wastes in 2015 was estimated about 3 942 654 tones in Turkey. The total biochar potential constituted of 77%, 22.5% and 0.6% for animal wastes, garden and vineyard pruning wastes, and agricultural land disposal wastes, respectively. In this study, biochar use purposes, conversion methods, application rates and benefits are presented based on the literatures. The possibilities of waste conversion potential to biochar were evaluated in our country and recommendations were made for the future based on the current situation.Öğe Development of a new long-term drought resilient soil water retention technology(Soil Water Conservation Soc, 2014) Kavdir, Yasemin; Zhang, Wei; Basso, Bruno; Smucker, Alvin J. M.[Anstract Not Available]Öğe Earthworms and Soil Structure(Springer-Verlag Berlin, 2011) Kavdir, Yasemin; Ilay, Remzi[Anstract Not Available]Öğe Effect of soil water retention barriers on turfgrass growth and soil water content(Springer, 2013) Demirel, Kursad; Kavdir, YaseminIn this research, the effects of soil water retention barriers (SWRB) and irrigation levels on soil water content, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne c.v Caddieshack) water consumption, fresh clipping yield, visual quality and leaf water content were investigated in 2010 and 2011. Treatments consisted of SWRB application at two different soil depths (30 and 40 cm) and three different irrigation levels (100, 66 and 33 % of available water-holding capacity) in sandy soil. Results showed that placement of SWRB at 40 cm depth (SWRB40) together with 34 % water deficit saved 52 % irrigation water compared with the control (no SWRB) treatment. Additionally, 498 and 653 mm total irrigation water were applied. The mean daily plant water consumption values were 5.94 and 6.51 mm in 2010 and 2011, respectively, in the SWRB40 treatment.Öğe Effects of olive solid waste and olive solid waste compost application on soil properties and growth of Solanum lycopersicum(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2013) Killi, Dilek; Kavdir, YaseminMediterranean countries are the largest global producers of olive oil. One by-product of this industry, and a major environmental problem, is olive solid waste (OSW). This study aims to explore the potential of OSW and olive solid waste compost (OSWC) for reuse and recycling as an agricultural fertiliser. Typical Sandy and Loamy agricultural soils were augmented with increasing amounts of OSW and OSWC (0, 4, 8 and 10%) in order to investigate the effect on soil characteristics and growth of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Plant growth was dramatically reduced by the application of OSW Composting of OSW results in a break-down of toxic compounds. Consequently, augmentation of soils with OSWC enhanced seed-germination, plant and root biomass and total nitrogen content Application of 4-8% OSWC produced the optimal effect on soil parameters across all treatments, while plant growth subsequently decreased when OSWC application was increased to 10%. These results suggest that composting of OSW has the greatest potential beneficial impacts for the use of this agri-industrial waste as an agricultural fertiliser. To ensure optimal impact on crop production application of OSWC should be within 100-210 tonnes per hectare, and not exceed 260 tonnes, significantly greater than current standard compost application rates. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Effects of some forage crops and mixture on sunflower yield and soil nitrogen content(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2008) Hakyemez, Hakan B.; Kavdir, YaseminThis research was conducted in Dardanos Research Center in Canakkale during 2003-2005 growing seasons. The aim of this research was to investigate effects of forage crops (common vetch, common vetch + barley, narbonne vetch) on soil nitrogen contents and sunflower yield. Two years results showed that leguminous and common vetch + barley mixture had greater biomass and higher N concentration and therefore, it increased sunflower seed yield. When forage crops were removed from the field for hay, it still supplied N for the sunflower. Sunflower seed yield increased 10.57 to 16.09 % after mixing as green manure and harvesting as hay, respectively compared to control.Öğe Geochemical fractions of trace metals in surface and core sections of aggregates in agricultural soils(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Sungur, Ali; Kavdir, Yasemin; Özcan, Hasan; İlay, Remzi; Soylak, MustafaAgrochemicals containing trace metals such as pesticides and fertilizer are intensively used in apple production systems in many countries. There is a risk of accumulation of trace metals, particularly in the sensitive root rhizosphere area. In this study, the trace metal concentrations of soils were determined in macroaggregates at the “mm scale” sampled from apple orchards. Soil samples were taken from five different locations at 0–20 cm soil depths in an apple orchard. Pseudo-total trace metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) concentrations of soil samples separated from the surface and core sections of the soil aggregate were determined by digestion with Aqua regia. The modified BCR sequential extraction method was used to determine four operationally defined geochemical trace metal fractions in soil samples. The pseudo-total concentrations of Cd and Cu were significantly higher, and Zn was lower at the surface than in the core sections (paired-t test, p < 0.05) of soil aggregates. The concentrations of all trace metals in the acid-soluble fraction and reducible fractions were significantly higher at the surface of soil aggregates than those in the core section. The same was true for the sum of trace metal concentrations in the extracts of the three fractions considered potentially mobilizable, except for Cr. Our results demonstrated that Cd and Cu originated probably from agrochemicals accumulating significantly on aggregate surfaces, where they were in close contact with plant roots. The generally higher extractability of all trace metals on the surface of aggregates can be attributed to the preferential accumulation of newly-added trace metals in comparatively weakly bound chemical forms.Öğe GIS monitoring and evaluation of nitrogen pollution in the waters of Troy, Turkey(2005) Özcan, Hasan; Kavdir, YaseminTroy in Turkey is not only important from an archeological point of view, but also from an ecological perspective as well. The waters of Troy have been used as drinking source for the birds and other animals and are still used as an irrigation source by farmers. This study was carried out to monitor and determine the amounts of NO3-N, NH3-N and NO2-N ions and their spatial and temporal changes from December 2002 to September 2003 in the Troy water resources. Water samples were collected from 25 sampling points at each sampling time. Samples were preserved according to specific test requirements and immediately analyzed for NO3-N, NH3-N, and NO2-N ions using a LaMotte smart colorimeter. Global positioning system (GPS) was used to determine the coordinates of the sampling points. Producing maps and statistical analyses results indicate that both ammonia and nitrate nitrogen concentrations started to increase after May in all water resources. These changes were attributed to land use types and crop growing periods in the area. Nitrate concentration ranged from 0 to 45 mg L -1, ammonia from 0 to 118 mg L-1 and nitrite from 0 to 3.5 mg L-1. One well, two drainage canals, and two river samples have clearly elevated nitrate levels without elevated chloride, and this suggests fertilizers as source of nitrate in water. There are positive and significant linear relationships between nitrate and chloride concentrations in two wells suggesting that the water is being impacted by domestic sewage. © by PSP.Öğe Impact of land cover types on soil aggregate stability and erodibility(Springer, 2018) Ilay, Remzi; Kavdir, YaseminGok double dagger eada is the biggest island, and it is also known as the organic island of Turkey. Approximately 65% of the Gok double dagger eada lands have slope > 12%. Climate, topography, land cover, and soil characteristics are considered to be the main natural factors affecting soil erosion severity in the Gok double dagger eada. Prevention of soil degradation, hence the preservation or improvement of the overall quality of the soil, is directly related to the presence of stable soil aggregates. In addition, the resistance to weathering and replacement of soil particles are also relevant aspects in terms of sustainability. Aggregate stability (AS) and erodibility of land (Kfac) are related to soil properties. However, this relationship can vary under different circumstances. In this study, 248 surface soil samples have been taken from forest and semi-natural areas (FSNA) and agricultural areas (AGRA) according to CORINE 2006. Eleven selected soil properties were measured, and their impacts on AS and Kfac (RUSLE-K) were determined by using the CRT (classification and regression tree) in Gok double dagger eada. Results showed that the relations among soil characteristics changed according to the land cover classes. Total organic carbon is much more associated with AS in AGRA, while total carbon is associated with AS in FSNA. The effect of calcium carbonate on Kfac was higher than other soil properties when the land cover type was ignored. On the other hand, in AGRA, the effect of between clay content on Kfac was greater than those of FSNA.Öğe Influence of olive oil solid waste applications on soil pH, electrical conductivity, soil nitrogen transformations, carbon content and aggregate stability(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2008) Kavdir, Yasemin; Killi, DilekSome of the agricultural wastes have important economic potentials to be used as a plant nutrition and/or soil conditioner. Olive oil solid waste (OSW) is one of them. The aim of this study was to determine effects of OSW on soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), improving soil nitrogen (N) status, soil aggregate stability and soil carbon contents. Different rates of OSW (control, 2%, 4% and 8%, w/w) were applied to coarse soils and incubated for 2 months. OSW applications decreased soil pH values. The mean EC value of soil measured 2 months after the incubation was greater than that of the first month. Application of OSW at the rate of 8% has significantly increased soil total organic nitrogen contents. OSW applications at the rate of 8% (w/w) significantly increased both mean SOC content (3.5%) and aggregate stability (88%) after 2 months of incubation (p < 0.01). Therefore, OSW has great potential to improve soil structure of coarse textured soil in short term. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Irrigation water management for sprinkler irrigated corn using rooting data obtained by the minirhizotron technique(2012) Yavuz, Muharrem Yetis; Çakir, Recep; Kavdir, Yasemin; Deveciler, Merve; Bahar, ErdemThe research, aiming to evaluate possibilities for irrigation scheduling of corn using root development data obtained by minirhizotron technique, was carried out during 2008 and 2010 on experimental fields belonging to Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University. Line source sprinkler irrigation was applied for irrigation of the experimental plots and irrigation water amount determination was based on water deficits of the actual effective root depth obtained prior to the irrigation application using the minirhizotron technique. Results of the 2 year study show that the effective root depth of the crop is around 70-75 cm until the 3 rd or 4 th irrigation application. Using data for root development restricted overwatering and excessive water loss compared to 90 cm root depth traditionally assumed for corn irrigation in the region. The highest grain yields were obtained from the treatment under favorable moisture conditions and yield decreased with increasing distance from the sprinkler irrigation lateral. There a linear relationship between seasonal evapotranspiration rates and grain yield, and seasonal evapotranspiration deficit and relative yield reduction, during each of the experimental years. Average value of the yield response factor (ky) for the research period was 1.34. © 2012 Friends Science Publishers.Öğe Irrigation Water Management for Sprinkler Irrigated Corn using Rooting Data Obtained by the Minirhizotron Technique(Friends Science Publ, 2012) Yavuz, Muharrem Yetis; Cakir, Recep; Kavdir, Yasemin; Deveciler, Merve; Bahar, ErdemThe research, aiming to evaluate possibilities for irrigation scheduling of corn using root development data obtained by minirhizotron technique, was carried out during 2008 and 2010 on experimental fields belonging to Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University. Line source sprinkler irrigation was applied for irrigation of the experimental plots and irrigation water amount determination was based on water deficits of the actual effective root depth obtained prior to the irrigation application using the minirhizotron technique. Results of the 2 year study show that the effective root depth of the crop is around 70-75 cm until the 3rd or 4th irrigation application. Using data for root development restricted overwatering and excessive water loss compared to 90 cm root depth traditionally assumed for corn irrigation in the region. The highest grain yields were obtained from the treatment under favorable moisture conditions and yield decreased with increasing distance from the sprinkler irrigation lateral. There a linear relationship between seasonal evapotranspiration rates and grain yield, and seasonal evapotranspiration deficit and relative yield reduction, during each of the experimental years. Average value of the yield response factor (ky) for the research period was 1.34. (C) 2012 Friends Science PublishersÖğe Nematicidal effects of olive pomace and green walnut husk on root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on tomato(Allelopathy Journal, 2019) Kavdir, Yasemin; Gözel, Ugur; Şahiner, NurettinWe studied the nematicidal effects of olive pomace (OP) and green walnut husk (GWH) on root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in tomato. We determined under in-vitro conditions, the efficacy of OP and GWH extracts (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) against the second stage juvenile of M. incognita. Then, GWH and OP were mixed with sandy loam soil at rates of 0 %, 0.5 %, 1 %, 1.5 % and 2 % w/w under controlled atmosphere conditions. Tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv Troy) were transplanted in pots and inoculated by second stage juveniles of M. incognita. Gall index (GI), egg mass index, root and shoot development of tomato plants were determined 60 days after inoculation. GWH (2 %) application reduced the GI of tomato seedlings by 85 % while OP (2 %) reduced it by 53 % than unamended control. Mortality rates of J2 were significantly affected by type of material, concentrations and the exposure time. GWH had higher juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4- naphthoquinone) concentration which suppressed the root knot nematodes as compared to OP. Higher rates of GWH and OP added into the soil resulted into healthy and much longer root systems. Plant fresh and dry weight increased in all treatments than control. Use of GWH and OP suppressed the root-knot nematodes without causing phytotoxicity to tomato plants.Öğe Nitrogen leaching in an aquatic terrestrial transition zone(Springer, 2006) Kern, Juergen; Hellebrand, Hans Juergen; Kavdir, YaseminLarge parts of East Germany are characterised by sandy soils with a high hydraulic conductivity. The risk of nitrogen leaching and groundwater pollution may be minimised by organic farming, which has expanded in Germany during recent years. The study was conducted on an organically. farmed rye field next to a lake in the state of Brandenburg between 2002 and 2004. In order to show how far organic farming may affect lake water quality, soil inorganic nitrogen (CaCl2 extraction) and denitrification (acetylene inhibition method) were studied along an aquatic terrestrial transition zone (A field site: 5 in above water level, B = field site: 1 in above water level, C riparian zone with macrophytes: 0.5 in above water level). Although the field did not receive any organic and mineral fertiliser there was a nitrogen leaching from the field to the groundwater caused by the weather. Nitrogen loss during the winter was 29 kg N ha(-1) y(-1) and 12 kg N ha(-1) y(-1) in 2002/03 and 2003/04, respectively. Deviation between the two years seemed to be caused by great differences in precipitation. No nitrogen loss was observed from a control site. High denitrification was measured at sites B and C indicating an efficient nitrogen removal capacity within the riparian buffer zone.Öğe Simulation of leaching losses in the nitrogen cycle(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2006) Gerakis, Argyrios; Rasse, Daniel P.; Kavdir, Yasemin; Smucker, Alvin J. M.; Katsalirou, Irene; Ritchie, Joe T.The CERES (Crop Estimation through Resource and Environment Synthesis) family of crop models predicts cereal growth, development, and yield. CERES simulates nitrogen (N) as a yield-limiting macronutrient. Because N leaching is an economic and environmental concern, this study evaluated if CERES can be used to predict N leaching under different N management scenarios: background leaching in unfertilized corn (Zea mays L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) residue mineralization, and till versus no-till management. Data were collected during a 7-yr field experiment on tillage practices in a maize-alfalfa-maize succession. Sensitivity analyses were performed for decomposition rates of the different residue pools and the relative proportions of carbohydrate, cellulose, and lignin in the residues. During the last 5 yr, under corn, CERES accurately simulated nitrate leaching from the no-till lysimeters. Nitrate leaching was underestimated in the tillage treatments, possibly because CERES does not simulate tillage. The model is not very sensitive to the decomposition rates and to the composition of the residues.Öğe Temporal variations in soil aggregation following olive pomace and vineyard pruning waste compost applications on clay, loam, and sandy loam soils(Springer, 2022) Isler, Nurten; Ilay, Remzi; Kavdir, YaseminThis study was aimed to determine the temporal effects of olive pomace (OPC) and vineyard pruning waste (VPC) composts on soil aggregation of three different textured soils. Both OPC and VPC are the most common agricultural wastes in the Mediterranean Region. The application of these composts to soils with different textures (clay, loam, and sandy loam) at different rates and knowing how long after the application the aggregate stability (AS) reaches the maximum (for different compost, texture, and rate) increases the novelty value of this study. Composts were prepared in automatic temperature and aeration-controlled reactors. The experiment consisted of three different soil textures (clay, loam, and sandy loam), five different treatments (control, 3% and 6% OPC, 3% and 6% VPC), 10 different incubation times, and four replications. The highest AS values were obtained with 6% VPC application on the 210th day of incubation for clay and loam soils while it was the highest for 6%OPC on the 120th day of incubation for sandy loam soil. Soil carbon (TC) was the strongest and positively correlated with AS 90 days after VPC and OPC applications in all soils. Final TC stocks increased by 131% and 417% in clay, 72% and 251% in loam, and 21 to 257% in sandy loam soil, compared to 15 days of incubation. OPC and VPC amendments to clay, loam, and sandy loam soils increased AS while reducing the mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates. It took a shorter time (90 days) for the VPC application to increase the amount of TC in soils.
