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Öğe Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on Growth, Nutrient Uptake and Physiological Parameters in Sugar Beet under Different Irrigation Levels(2020) Çakmakçı, Ramazan; Karagöz, HalitTwo experiments were conducted to investigate the of nine ACC deaminase-containing, IAAproducing, N2-fixing and/or P-solubilizing bacteria, on the growth, yield, chlorophyll, macro- and micro-nutrientcontent, and selected morpho-physiological parameters of sugar beet, under five irrigation levels (150%, 100%,75%, 50%, and 25% of water-holding capacity). The research was established according to factorial arrangementin randomized block experimental design of five water regimes, eleven treatments and five replications. Theexperiment was set up in two sets; and the first set was harvested after 65 days and the second set was done after130 days. Inoculation with multi-traits bacteria stimulated overall plant growth, including sugar content, root andleaf yield and the leaf chlorophyll contents, and macro- and micro-nutrient uptake, which might partly contributeto the activation of the processes involved in the alleviation of the effect of water stress. According to the results,under water constraint at the level of 75, 50 and 25% of water-holding capacity, beet yield parameters BF4, BF6,Bio-organic and mineral fertilizer was found effective. As an average of the five water regimes, bacterialformulations increased dry storage root weight by 6.5-27.7% and 9.1-27.3% and dry leaf weight by 6.1-26.7%and 3.9-25.8% at the first and second trials, whereas, mineral fertilizers (NP) and bio-organic fertilizersincreased dry storage root weight by 24.5% and 9.3-15.5% and 20.2 and 9.2-15.2%, and dry leaf weight by23.5% and 11.7-23.2% and 22.2% and 3.3-21.9%, respectively, compared with control. Moreover, water stressin sugar beet plants was alleviated partially by the inoculation with bacterial strains. Our results provide strongevidence that the role of bacteria in the performance of sugar beet plants in the stressful environment of soils notonly the improved plant growth, yield, and macro- and micro-nutrient content, but also the alleviation of waterdeficit and waterlogging stress.Öğe Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on Growth, Nutrient Uptake and Physiological Parameters in Sugar Beet under Different Watering Regimes(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2020-12-29) Çakmakçı, Ramazan; Karagöz, HalitTwo experiments were conducted to investigate the of nine ACC deaminase-containing, IAAproducing, N2-fixing and/or P-solubilizing bacteria, on the growth, yield, chlorophyll, macro- and micro-nutrient content, and selected morpho-physiological parameters of sugar beet, under five irrigation levels (150%, 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of water-holding capacity). The research was established according to factorial arrangement in randomized block experimental design of five water regimes, eleven treatments and five replications. The experiment was set up in two sets; and the first set was harvested after 65 days and the second set was done after 130 days. Inoculation with multi-traits bacteria stimulated overall plant growth, including sugar content, root and leaf yield and the leaf chlorophyll contents, and macro- and micro-nutrient uptake, which might partly contribute to the activation of the processes involved in the alleviation of the effect of water stress. According to the results, under water constraint at the level of 75, 50 and 25% of water-holding capacity, beet yield parameters BF4, BF6, Bio-organic and mineral fertilizer was found effective. As an average of the five water regimes, bacterial formulations increased dry storage root weight by 6.5-27.7% and 9.1-27.3% and dry leaf weight by 6.1-26.7% and 3.9-25.8% at the first and second trials, whereas, mineral fertilizers (NP) and bio-organic fertilizers increased dry storage root weight by 24.5% and 9.3-15.5% and 20.2 and 9.2-15.2%, and dry leaf weight by 23.5% and 11.7-23.2% and 22.2% and 3.3-21.9%, respectively, compared with control. Moreover, water stress in sugar beet plants was alleviated partially by the inoculation with bacterial strains. Our results provide strong evidence that the role of bacteria in the performance of sugar beet plants in the stressful environment of soils not only the improved plant growth, yield, and macro- and micro-nutrient content, but also the alleviation of water deficit and waterlogging stress.Öğe Flavor in a Tea Glass to Present from Past: Safely Organic Production and Health Effects of Tea(2021) Karagöz, Halit; Erduran, Erdim; Çakmakçı, Ramazan; Karagöz, Fazilet ParlakovaTea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) is the second most-consumed non-alcoholic beverage in the\rworld after water. The health-beneficial properties of tea, known to contain more than 4000\rbioactive substances, of which about one-third consist of polyphenols, are increasingly well\runderstood. The medicinal properties of the tea plant have been proven by laboratory and clinical\rstudies to have an anti-cancer effect, benefits for dental health, protect against Alzheimer with antiparalytic, anti-diabetic, and antiparkinson properties, and its use against skin diseases. However, it\ris known that the tea plant, which requires plenty of fertilizer, can cause excessive pollution of the\rgroundwater when chemical fertilizers are washed away with precipitation in the areas where it is\rgrown. In order to eliminate this negative situation, studies regarding organic and microbial\rfertilizers that are more environmentally friendly and do not harm the soil and human health that\rcould be substituted for chemical fertilizers as much as possible or mitigate their use and enable to\rgrow products of adequate amount and quality should be accelerated. The aim of this review is to\rbring together scientific information about the characteristics and health effects of tea and organic\rtea cultivationÖğe Two or more bacterial mixtures increase tea plant growth, yield, nutrient intake and antioxidant enzyme activity(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2023) Erduran, Erdim; Çakmakcı, Ramazan; Parlakova Karagöz, Fazilet; Karagöz, HalitThis study was carried out in order to determine bacterial strains that can be used as biological fertilizer in tea cultivation. The present study assessed possible effects of mineral NPK fertilizer (TF: 80 kg ha(-1) compound 25: 5:10) and ACC deaminase-containing, N-2-fixing, and P-solubilizing 6 bacteria strains as single (T-1-T-6:Pseudomonas fluorescens RC483, Pseudomonas fluorescens RC77E, Pseudomonas putida RC19b, Bacillus licheniformis RC5B2, Bacillus subtilis RC5A2, Bacillus pumilus RC7A1), binary (T-7: RC483 + RC5A2, T-8: RC77E + RC7A1), triple (T-9: RC77E + RC5A2+ RC5B2, T-10: RC483+ RC19b + RC7A1) and quadruple (T-11: RC77E + RC5B2 + RC7A1+ RC5A2) inoculations, chemical fertilizer (80 kg ha(-1) compound 25: 5: 10) and control treatments on growth, yield, yield, nutrient uptake and enzyme activity of Pazar-20 tea clones manufactured for commercial purposes. Experimental groups determined in the present study were formed by considering the results of our preliminary study and bacteria that do not have antagonistic effects on each other. Results showed that dual, triple and quadruple inoculations stimulated overal second and third leaf area, leaf yield, macro- and micro-nutrient concenrations, chlorophyll and anthocyanin content, and antioxidant, oxidative, catalytic, hydrolytic and quality-related enzymes activity. Tea plant growth responses were dependent on the inoculant strain and formulations used, as well as on the parameters evaluated. In conclusion, bacterial seed inoculations especially with quadruple bacterial formulation determined to be most effective in tea growth can improve tea yield and productivity on sustainable basis. The ability to increase enzyme activity, which may be important in taste and aroma, leaf antioxidant, oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) and tea processing technology by using different combinations prepared with bacterial isolates will be able to a significant contribution to tea technology studies.
