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    Genetic and immunological biomarkers in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: A literature review for miRNA and cytokine characterization
    (Bayrakol Medical Publisher, 2023) Karadeli, Umit; Cicekliyurt, Meliha Merve
    There is a sensitive interaction in the relationship between the Mycobacterium tuberculosis that causes tuberculosis disease (TB) and its host. This interaction significantly affects the course of the infection. Unfortunately, scientific studies continue without slowing down this disease, which remains popular among the infectious diseases with the highest mortality rate. Although the importance of genetics and the immune system in the host-bacteria relationship is emphasized, immunopathological events still need to be fully elucidated. The molecular events between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the host dictate the course of infection. Different expression levels of miRNAs in this infection continue until the polarization of macrophages. In addition, studies have shown that miRNAs also affect cytokine release in this cellular immune process. This review aimed to reveal how M. tuberculosis affects the course of host miRNAs during active infection and how cytokine levels change due to this interaction by reviewing the recent literature. This study will discuss the implications of using miRNA profiles and cytokine levels as biomarkers for the onset, maintenance, and termination of active TB.
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    The role of salusins and interleukin 12 family in the rosacea pathogenesis
    (Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) Demir, Nesrin; Kaya, Ozge; Keskinkaya, Zeynep; Oguz Kilic, Sevilay; Ekinci, Alper; Karadeli, Umit
    Aim: Salusins and recently discovered interleukin (IL)-12 family members (IL-35 and IL-39) have been investigated in various disorders associated with chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the roles of salusin-alpha (alpha), salusin-beta (beta), IL-35, and IL-39 in the pathogenesis of rosacea. Methods: This study is a single-center, prospective case-control study performed in a tertiary healthcare institution. Salusin-alpha, salusin-beta, IL-35, and IL-39 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method from venous blood of 50 rosacea patients who did not receive any treatment and 50 age-matched healthy controls, and the test results were compared between the two groups as statistically. Results: Patients in the rosacea group (female:male ratio = 1.9:1; median age: 56 years) had significantly higher mean salusin-alpha, IL-35, and IL-39 levels compared with the control group (female:male ratio = 2.1:1; median age: 41 years). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of salusin-beta levels. Conclusion: The increased vascularity and Th1-mediated inflammation might be possible explanations for the elevated salusin-alpha and IL-39 levels in rosacea patients. On the other hand, the higher mean IL-35 level detected in the same group was an unexpected finding due to the immunosuppressive effect of the cytokine. Recently, targeted therapies have become popular in many inflammatory diseases. In this context, salusins, IL-35, and IL-39 seem to be possible molecules that could be modified for therapeutic reasons in the future in the treatment of rosacea.