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    Color intensity and growth performance of common clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris) enhanced by dietary Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis)
    (Springer, 2022) Guroy, Derya; Karadal, Onur; Mantoglu, Serhan; Kusku, Halit; Guroy, Betul
    In this study, the effect of dietary Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) on color intensity, growth performance, total ammonia-nitrogen excretion (TAN), and profitability of common clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris) was investigated. Three isoproteic (46%) and isolipidic (13%) diets were formulated as one control (C) and two different levels (15 and 30%) of Spirulina (SP15 and SP30) substituted for fish meal and cornmeal. Ten clownfish (initial body weight of 0.55 +/- 0.04 g) per aquarium were distributed to nine glass aquariums (60 L) with three replicates. Fish were hand-fed a day to the satiation thrice. Clownfish were weighed in bulk, and the photographs were taken biweekly during the 12-week experiment. The determined regions of the images were standardized with a raster graphics editor and recorded the color parameters by considering both CMYK (cyan magenta yellow key) and RGB (red green blue) models. After the feeding trial, fish were starved for 3 days, and the total ammonia-nitrogen (TAN) was analyzed with the ammonia salicylate method on the next day for 12 h. At the end of the trial, the final mean weights (FMW) and specific growth rates (SGR) of SP15 (FMW: 1.95 +/- 0.18 g, SGR: 1.75 +/- 0.04%/day) and SP30 (FMW: 2.05 +/- 0.14 g, SGR: 1.81 +/- 0.05%/day) were significantly higher than the C (FMW: 1.68 +/- 0.12 g, SGR: 1.58 +/- 0.06%/day) group (P < 0.05). Both color models have proved the enhancement of the skin coloration (significant improvements were recorded in the colors, including red, green, magenta, and key, P < 0.05). Also, it was determined that the TAN was decreased with the increase of the Spirulina level (29.8, 22.9, and 17.6 mg-N/100 g fish/12 h for C, SP15, and SP30, respectively) in the diet (P < 0.05). However, a high level of Spirulina in the diet negatively affected profitability. Consequently, common clownfish's growth, color, and TAN improved with the dietary Spirulina. Considering that Spirulina is an expensive raw material, adding it into the diet at medium levels (15%) is recommended.
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    Interaction of dietary garlic (Allium sativum), onion (Allium cepa), and probiotic on the growth performance and health status of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Güroy, Derya; Emre, Nesrin; Yalım, Fatma Banu; Karadal, Onur; Kaya, Doğukan; Arifoğlu, Nazan
    Eight-week feeding trial was conducted to estimate the effects of dietary probiotic (P), garlic (G), and onion (O) powders on growth, hematology, and serum parameters in the juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Seven practical diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (49% protein) and isolipidic (20% lipid) and the diets included the P, O, and G at the concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 1%, respectively, at the replace of wheat flour. Rainbow trout fed the G supplemented diet displayed a higher specific growth rate (SGR) when compared with fish fed the P and the mix of probiotics and onion (PO) (P < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the fish fed the G diet was lower than the P diet (P < 0.05). Net protein utilization (NPU) of the juveniles fed the O and PO diets was higher than the other experimental groups, except the G (P < 0.05). The group fed the G diet exhibited significant differences in the packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels of groups fed the P and PO (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in terms of white blood cell (WBC) and red blood cell (RBC) counts (P > 0.05). Significant differences were recorded among the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), while juveniles fed the G and PG diets were higher than the P and O groups (P < 0.05). The results of this study demonstrated that supplementing diets with garlic can improve some growth parameters such as SGR and PER for rainbow trout.