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Öğe Acid pond sediment and mine tailings contaminated with metals: physicochemical characterization and electrokinetic remediation(Springer, 2017) Karaca, Oznur; Cameselle, Claudio; Reddy, Krishna R.Mine tailings and acid pond sediment from a former mining area in Canakkale (Turkey) were analyzed for physical (e.g., moisture content, particle size, specific gravity and hydraulic conductivity) and chemical parameters (e.g., organic content, pH, ORP and EC) as well as metal content and sequential extraction analysis, in an attempt to evaluate their risk as a source of contaminants. Column extraction tests were conducted to investigate the leachability under model field conditions using simulated rainwater. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure and synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) methods were performed to evaluate the expected concentrations in the water in contact with the solid material. The column tests proved that Fe and Pb can be released to the waterbodies in contact with the solid materials. Pb was released easier than Fe due to its content in the more labile fractions in the sequential extraction analysis. SPLP-Pb in both tailings and sediment exceeded the USEPA regulatory limit, confirming the hazardousness of those materials. Electrokinetic remediation has been tested as a possible technology for the removal of metals from mine tailings and sediment. Electrokinetics removed 20% of Pb and Fe in 9 days of treatment at 1 VDC/cm. The metal removal efficiency was very affected by metal speciation. Electrokinetics could remove metal fractions I-IV [as described by Tessier et al. (Anal Chem 51(7): 844-851, 1979) especially in the closest section to the anode of the solid matrix, and the metals accumulated in the following sections. The results suggested that Fe and Pb could be effectively removed from the mine tailings and sediment if the advance of the acid front was favored and the treatment time increased. However, considering the physicochemical characterization and the results from the electrokinetic treatment, other green and more sustainable remedial strategies have to be proposed for mitigation of environmental risks of former mining areas. Instead of focusing on metal removal, the results of this work suggest that the immobilization and stabilization of metals in the site are more practical solutions. Thus, phytocapping is recommended as a practical green and sustainable method to mitigate the environmental risks of former mining areas.Öğe Characterization of Heavy Metals in Mine Tailings and Lake Sediments: Implications on Remediation(Amer Soc Civil Engineers, 2016) Karaca, Oznur; Cameselle, Claudio; Reddy, Krishna R.Mine tailing and lake sediment from a former mining area in Canakkale (Turkey) were analyzed for physical (e.g. moisture content, particle size, specific gravity, and hydraulic conductivity) and chemical parameters (e.g. organic content, pH, ORP, and EC) as well as heavy metal content and sequential extraction analysis, in an attempt to evaluate their risk as a source of contaminants. Column extraction tests were conducted to investigate the leachability under model field conditions using simulated rainwater. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) methods were performed to evaluate the expected concentrations in the water in contact with the solid material. The results showed that both tailing and sediment in the study area were highly acidic (pH=2.2-2.92) and electrical conductivities were high. The column tests proved that Fe and Pb can be released to the waterbodies in contact with the solid materials. Pb was released easier than Fe due to its content in the more labile fractions in the sequential extraction analysis. SPLP-Pb in both tailing and sediment exceeded the U.S. EPA regulatory limit confirming the hazardousness of those materials. All of these results were used to evaluate the most appropriate remedial strategy and to recommend phytocapping as a practical green and sustainable method to mitigate the environmental risk.Öğe Classification of residential areas according to physical vulnerability to natural hazards: a case study of Canakkale, Turkey(Wiley, 2014) Basaran-Uysal, Arzu; Sezen, Funda; Özden, Süha; Karaca, OznurThe selection of new settlement areas and the construction of safe buildings, as well as rendering built-up areas safe, are of great importance in mitigating the damage caused by natural disasters. Most cities in Turkey are unprepared for natural hazards. In this paper, Canakkale, located in a first-degree seismic zone and sprawled around the Sartcay Delta, is examined in terms of its physical vulnerability to natural hazards. Residential areas are analysed using GIS (geographic information system) and remote-sensing technologies in relation to selected indicators. Residential areas of the city are divided into zones according to an evaluation of geological characteristics, the built-up area's features, and urban infrastructure, and four risk zones are determined. The results of the analysis show that the areas of the city suitable for housing are very limited. In addition, the historical centre and the housing areas near Sartcay stream are shown to be most problematic in terms of natural disasters and sustainability.Öğe Determination of Tectonic and Volcanic Structures with the aid of Lineaments: Example from Can-Etili (Canakkale) Lignite Basin(Tmmob Jeoloji Muhendisleri Odasi, 2019) Karaca, Oznur; Bozcu, MustafaIn this study, the aim is to determine the volcanic and tectonic structures developed in the Can-Etili Lignite basin with the aid of satellite images. The Can-Etili lignite basin consists of Oligocene-Early Miocene volcanics (Can Volcanics) overlying early-Middle Miocene lignite-bearing stream and lake sediments (Can formation) occurring above an unconformity. In order to complete this study, two different satellite images (ASTER and ALOS-PALSAR) and a digital elevation model (DEM) of the region were used. Multispectral optical remote sensing data provide information about material composition, while radar data reflect surface topography and morphology better. During mapping of lineaments on satellite images, in addition to visual assessment, image processing techniques were used. A variety of orientation filters were applied to ASTER satellite images for lineament mapping. The lineaments on PALSAR images were determined with visual methods. Using DEM data along with ASTER and PALSAR satellite images for the study area, lineaments were mapped. The results were shown that a significant portion of the lineaments had NE-SW strike. This orientation coincides with the NE-SW striking Can-Etili fault. Additionally, some curved linear structures were obtained from satellite images and are interpreted to be associated with caldera development.Öğe Effect of imposed electrical gradient on removal of toxic salt contaminants from alkali-saline low permeable soil during electrokinetic remediation(Springer Heidelberg, 2020) Bessaim, Mohammed Mustapha; Karaca, Oznur; Missoum, Hanifi; Bendani, Karim; Laredj, Nadia; Bekkouche, Mohamed SaidSaline soils are one of the most hazardous environmental issues, retaining large and excessive amounts of noxious salt contaminants, thus damaging the ecosystem biodiversity, human health, as well as infrastructures and urban facilities. The low permeability and complex mineralogy of these soils make their remediation a very difficult task and an extreme challenge. While conventional techniques have been proven to be costly and mostly ineffective, electrokinetic remediation (EKR) can be an innovative, sustainable, and environmentally friendly alternative. This research investigates the effect of imposed electrical gradient (IEG) on the removal of harmful salts from highly alkaline saline soil during EKR. The samples obtained from Canakkale-Dardanos Campus area, northwest Turkey, exhibit severe alkalinity, extreme concentration of hazardous salts, high electrical conductivity, and salinity. Lab-scale electrokinetic runs were monitored for 5 days, with a set of three different IEG. The optimal results for salt contaminants removal were obtained during the highest IEG, reaching a remediation efficiency of 100% in the middle sections. Furthermore, harmful cationic salts, including sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and magnesium (Mg2+), were transported toward the cathode, owing to the electro-migration and electro-osmosis flow which were significantly accelerated with the increment of the (IEG). The toxic chloride (Cl-) and sulfate (SO42-) salts were transported with the electro-migration phenomenon. The results indicated that the IEG has a major effect on remediation of high alkaline, low permeable saline soils, and can be considered the driving vector and the key transport mechanism for the removal of hazardous salt contaminants.Öğe Electrokinetic remediation: Past experiences and future roadmap for sustainable remediation of metal-contaminated soils(Elsevier, 2024) Taneja, Sonam; Karaca, Oznur; Haritash, Anil KumarSoil pollution due to heavy metals has become a serious environmental concern in the past decade, adversely affecting soil conditions and global food security. Due to this, considerable attention has been given to developing suitable remediation technologies, particularly for heavy metals. Among them, Electrokinetic Remediation (EKR) is a promising developing technique due to its great efficiency for fine-grained soils. The use of an electric field to remove contaminants from soil is effective on a wide range of matrices irrespective of the heterogeneity. In this context, the present study provides a detailed discussion on the design and operational considerations of EKR, mainly, power, electrode, and electrolyte characteristics. The major limitations of EKR, innovative modifications of EKR operations to overcome the limitations, and EKR-integrated technologies have been addressed. The optimization of regulating parameters ensures maximum efficiency towards removal of contaminants at minimum cost of treatment, thus, highlighting the engineering aspect of electrokinetics at field scale. The sustainability concerns arising from EKR and its possible alternative solutions have been discussed, to provide useful information and prospects to researchers in the field.Öğe Electrokinetic Removal of Heavy Metals from Mine Tailings and Acid Lake Sediments from Can Basin, Turkey(Amer Soc Civil Engineers, 2016) Karaca, Oznur; Cameselle, Claudio; Reddy, Krishna R.This work focuses on the evaluation of electrokinetic remediation as a technology for the removal of heavy metals from mine tailings and acid lake sediments sampled in a former mining area in Can Basin (Canakkale, Turkey). The electrokinetic treatment of mine tailing and sediment removed 20% of Pb and Fe in 9 days of treatment at 1 VDC/cm. The removal of metals was very affected by metal speciation which was determined by Tessier method. Electrokinetics could remove metal fractions I-IV in the Tessier method, especially in the closest section to the anode of the solid matrix, and the metals migrated towards the cathode and accumulated in the following sections. The results suggested that Fe and Pb could be effectively removed from the mine tailing and sediment if the advance of the acid front was favored and the treatment time increased.Öğe ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF MINE TAILINGS: CAN-ETILI BASIN (TURKEY) AS A CASE STUDY(Stef92 Technology Ltd, 2014) Karaca, Oznur; Reddy, Krishna R.Improper mining activities cause various environmental problems. A major problem is the heavy metal pollution. Can-Etili Basin (Northwest Turkey) has been subjected to intense mining activities with open/underground mining operations in several locations within the basin. Acid mine lakes have been also created at the abandoned mining sites. This study was conducted to investigate physical and chemical characteristics of the mine tailings and sediments and the types of contaminants present in them. Further, the leachability and associated environmental risk of the contaminants present was also investigated. Two locations of the basin were selected for this study, and several representative samples of mine tailings, rock outcrops, and lake sediments were collected. These samples were tested for physical properties such as moisture content, particle size, specific gravity and hydraulic conductivity and for chemical properties such as organic content and pH. The metal contamination in each of the samples was also determined. Subsequently, batch and column experiments were conducted to quantify the leachate/bioavailable toxic metals. The results showed that the sediments, mine tailings and outcrops contain several toxic metals at elevated concentrations. The most dominant metal contaminants found were: Pb (79 mg/kg), Ba (190 mg/kg) and Ni (470 mg/kg) in mine tailings; Pb (64 mg/kg), Ba (310 mg/kg) and Ni (570 mg/kg) in lake sediments; and Pb (96 mg/kg), Ba (279 mg/kg) and Ni (760 mg/kg) in outcrop rocks. The extent of leachable/bioavailable metals was dependent on the physical and chemical characteristics of the media, and the toxic metals such as Pb, Cu, Zn, and Ni were found to leach in the amounts ranging from 5 to 15 mg/kg. The total and leachable toxic metals found in the materials at the basin have potential to impact the public health and surrounding environment. Additional research is being conducted to quantify the risk as well as to develop practical green and sustainable methods to mitigate the environmental risk.Öğe Environmental assessment of mine tailings: Can-Etili Basin (Turkey) as a case study(International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference, 2014) Karaca, Oznur; Reddy, Krishna R.Improper mining activities cause various environmental problems. A major problem is the heavy metal pollution. Can-Etili Basin (Northwest Turkey) has been subjected to intense mining activities with open/underground mining operations in several locations within the basin. Acid mine lakes have been also created at the abandoned mining sites. This study was conducted to investigate physical and chemical characteristics of the mine tailings and sediments and the types of contaminants present in them. Further, the leachability and associated environmental risk of the contaminants present was also investigated. Two locations of the basin were selected for this study, and several representative samples of mine tailings, rock outcrops, and lake sediments were collected. These samples were tested for physical properties such as moisture content, particle size, specific gravity and hydraulic conductivity and for chemical properties such as organic content and pH. The metal contamination in each of the samples was also determined. Subsequently, batch and column experiments were conducted to quantify the leachate/bioavailable toxic metals. The results showed that the sediments, mine tailings and outcrops contain several toxic metals at elevated concentrations. The most dominant metal contaminants found were: Pb (79 mg/kg), Ba (190 mg/kg) and Ni (470 mg/kg) in mine tailings; Pb (64 mg/kg), Ba (310 mg/kg) and Ni (570 mg/kg) in lake sediments; and Pb (96 mg/kg), Ba (279 mg/kg) and Ni (760 mg/kg) in outcrop rocks. The extent of leachable/bioavailable metals was dependent on the physical and chemical characteristics of the media, and the toxic metals such as Pb, Cu, Zn, and Ni were found to leach in the amounts ranging from 5 to 15 mg/kg. The total and leachable toxic metals found in the materials at the basin have potential to impact the public health and surrounding environment. Additional research is being conducted to quantify the risk as well as to develop practical green and sustainable methods to mitigate the environmental risk. © SGEM2014.Öğe Environmental Impact of Mine Wastes: An Overview of Problems with Mining Sites in Turkey, Remediation Possibilities, and an Example from Turkey(Springer-Verlag Singapore Pte Ltd, 2019) Karaca, OznurMining activities which scar the landscape produce various types of wastes and tailings which have different kinds of adverse effects on the natural environment and these areas become sources of metal pollution. Due to incompatible and hard soil conditions in these areas, there is no plant cover. As in a variety of locations globally, there are areas in Turkey that have been affected by mining activities. Remediation of these types of areas is important to prevent AMD production and negative effects on the ecosystem. In this study the use of phytocapping and the electrokinetic (EK) method to ameliorate the environmental effects of mine tailing and abandoned mine areas was assessed. In addition to phytocapping being cost-effective and environmentally friendly, it is proposed as a good solution to improve these areas by controlling erosion, developing soil quality and ensuring immobilization of metals. The electrokinetic remediation method is an alternative technology to treat soil, water and sludge polluted with heavy metals. The sample study completed in Canakkale shows the EK method was effective in removing metals from the environment. The use of these two technologies together (EK and phytocapping) will contribute to the remediation process.Öğe EREM 2018: Sustainable electrokinetic and electrochemical environmental applications(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2020) Cameselle, Claudio; Karaca, Oznur[Anstract Not Available]Öğe Evolution of Can-Etili (Canakkale-NW Turkey) lignite basin: Sedimentology, petrology, palynology and lignite characterization(Irtces, 2015) Bozcu, Mustafa; Akgun, Funda; Gurdal, Gulbin; Bozcu, Ayse; Yesilyurt, Sevinc Kapan; Karaca, Oznur; Akkiraz, M. SerkanThis study examines the development and sedimentology of Can-Etili lignite basin in Biga Peninsula (NW Turkey) along with the palynologic and petrographic properties of the coals in this region. The Can-Etili lignite basin discordantly overlies Oligocene-aged Can volcanics. The basin consists of caldera type sedimentation developed by the combined effects of volcanism and tectonics. The volcanic rocks forming the basement of the basin consist of andesitic, dacitic and basaltic lava flows as well as agglomerates, tuff and silicified tuffs, and kaolin which is their alteration product. The basement volcanic rocks cooled from high potassium and calc-alkaline magma. The trace element geochemistry of different rocks within the volcanics reveals that they are from a volcanic arc. The Can Formation contains lignites and consists of 6 lithofacies representing alluvial, fluvial, marsh and lacustrine environments. These lithofacies are the lower volcanogenic conglomerate, the claystone, the lignite, the laminated organic claystone, the tuff intercalated sandstone-siltstone and the upper volcanogenic conglomerate. The lignite in the basin is limnic and is formed in a non-fluvial marsh and marsh-lake environment. An abundant percentage of vegetation (Engelhardia, Sapotaceae, Cyrillaceae) is compatible with temperate and subtropical climatic conditions in the basin during sedimentation of lignite. The coals of Can-Etili basin are humic with high sulfur content (6-6.5% average) mostly containing huminite compounds belonging to the class of lignite-low bituminous (C-A) coal. Their coalification rank is between 0.38% and 0.56% Ro. The coals are formed in limnic-limnotelmatic marsh zones based on their microlithotype components. The inorganic components of the coal mostly consist of pyrite and clay. The trace elements, As, Th, U and V, are higher than international coal standards. The coal quality is adversely affected by high sulfur content and sulfur driven trace element enrichments. The lignite reserve (possible-proved) of Can-Etili basin is greater than a hundred million tons, and the average coal seam thickness is 17 m. The lignite production in the basin is 3 mt/year and 1.8 million tons of this are used in the local thermal power plant. (C) 2015 International Research and Training Centre on Erosion and Sedimentation/the World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Flood susceptibility mapping using GIS and multicriteria decision analysis: Saricay-Canakkale (Turkey)(Springer Heidelberg, 2018) Tiryaki, Mine; Karaca, OznurFloods are natural disasters that are among the most damaging natural events for humans and the environment. Globally and in Turkey, a variety of engineering studies are performed to solve problems that may form before and after flood events. In this situation, the preparation of flood susceptibility maps is beneficial to observe areas with tendency to flood and to make plans in accordance with this. This study focuses on previous and current floods on the Saricay River passing through the settlement area of Canakkale. Within this scope, multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) was used with the help geographical information systems (GIS) that was used to determine possible flood areas. In the first stage, the most important factors affecting flooding were determined. These include slope, aspect, elevation, geology, land use and proximity to the river. Subcriteria were developed to ensure more accurate evaluation of each criteria. For each criteria, an appropriate weight value was assigned, and for each subcriteria, an effect value was assigned. All criteria were included in the weighted overlay method, and sensitivity analysis was performed to create a flood susceptibility map for the study area. According to this map, the study area was divided into five classes from very low susceptibility to very high susceptibility. According to these results, 13.9% of the study area has high susceptibility, while 14.2% has very high susceptibility. Furthermore, paleoflood analysis studies of Saricay included identification of fluvial deposits using geological and geomorphological data and determination of soil profiles. Fluvial sediments were dated with the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) method, and it was determined that the Saricay river changed its course about 30-40 thousand years before present. The ancient bed had NW-SE orientation, while the current bed flows in an E-W orientation within the city.Öğe Late Cenozoic Stress States along the Ganos Fault, NW Turkey(Tmmob Jeoloji Muhendisleri Odasi, 2013) Yildiz, Seray Cinar; Özden, Süha; Tutkun, Salih Zeki; Ates, Ozkan; Poyraz, Selda Altuncu; Yesilyurt, Sevinc Kapan; Karaca, OznurThe Ganos Fault, has a big earthquake (Ms:7.3 in 1912), as a right-lateral strike-slip fault, a segment of the northern strand of the North Anatolian Fault is elongated a N70 degrees E trend in west of the Marmara Sea between Gazikoy (Tekirdag) and Saros Gulf This study reveals at late Cenozoic stress states by the limit kinematic analysis, inversion of the earthqukes focal mechanism and remote sensing studies' along the Ganos Fault. Result of the kinematics' analysis was carried out a main tectonic regime.. First mainly strike-slip faulting developed under NW-SE trending compressional direction showing by a (sigma(1)) 130 degrees +/- 16 degrees and a (sigma(3)) 53 degrees+13 degrees trends and Rm ration calculated as 0.49. Secondly and consistent with first faulting, a NE-SW trending concurrent extensional direvtion produce a local normal faulting presented by a (sigma(3)) 28 degrees +/- 18 degrees trend in horizontal plane. Furthermore, between 2003 and 2010 years, bigger than M=3.3,12 earthquakes on Ganos Fault and its vicinity, determined the focal mechanisms and inversion analysis results indicate that a strike-slip faulting is active along the fault. In the inversion of the earthquakes, a strike-sliplhulting presented a (sigma(1)) N 2760 degrees +/- 7 degrees and (sigma(3)) N 6 degrees +/- 6 degrees trends and Rm ration calculated as 0.44. This result is consistent with the results of fault kinematic analysis and offer as a transtensional character along the fault. According to rose diagram that was generated by remote sensing lineament analysis. Determined 223 lianements have mainly parallel to the Ganos Fault. The stress states,from remote sensing studies are consistent both fault kinematic analysis and inversion of the earthquakes filocal mechanism results. Ganos Fault is an active strike-slip fault by the transtensional character since Late Pliocene.Öğe Liquefaction severity mapping based on SPT data: a case study in Canakkale city (NW Turkey)(Springer, 2018) Tunusluoglu, M. Celal; Karaca, OznurSoil liquefaction is one of the major causes of damage to buildings and structures during earthquakes. Very shallow groundwater table in Quaternary alluvial deposits and the seismic properties of a region can cause a significant damage to buildings and infrastructure dependent on liquefaction. Canakkale city is located in the first-degree seismic hazard zone according to the earthquake zone map of Turkey. A large part of the Canakkale settlement area is located on unconsolidated alluvium recently deposited by the Saricay River. In this survey, the liquefaction potential of the Canakkale settlement area was investigated based on the liquefaction severity index and liquefaction potential index for two possible earthquake scenarios with a moment magnitude (M (w)) and peak ground acceleration (a (max)) of 7.5 and 319 gal and 7.0 and 222 gal, respectively. In addition, these two methods were analysed using the peak ground acceleration (a (max) = 141 gal) value measured at the Canakkale station during the 2014 Aegean Sea earthquake. Based on the results of the analyses, liquefaction susceptibility maps of Canakkale city were produced for different a (max) values. The study involved three stages: field work, laboratory testing, and generation of the liquefaction severity maps. Geotechnical boreholes at 151 locations were drilled and Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) performed. Thereafter, natural moisture content, unit weight, grain-size distribution, and Atterberg limits were determined by means of laboratory testing. Finally, Quaternary alluvial deposits in the study area were divided into five classes representing very low-to-very high liquefaction for three a (max) values.Öğe Mine tailing disposal sites: contamination problems, remedial options and phytocaps for sustainable remediation(Springer, 2018) Karaca, Oznur; Cameselle, Claudio; Reddy, Krishna R.Mining practices and the absence of proper mine land reclamation has led to heavy metal contaminated sites with serious impact on the ecosystems and risk for human health. The origin of the contamination is often associated to mine tailing deposits because they are a source of the acid mine drainage (AMD). These areas are devoid of vegetation due to the harsh soil conditions that prevent the rooting of plant species. The remediation of these areas followed by revegetation is necessary to suppress the generation of the AMD and its negative effects on the ecosystems. Conventional remediation technologies for heavy metal contaminated sites are usually not applicable because of the high cost associated with chemicals and energy requirements, as well as the long treatment time to remediate large areas. In this study, the use of phytocapping for the remediation of mine tailing deposits and abandoned mine areas is reviewed. Phytocapping is cost effective, environmentally friendly and has multifunctional role against various problems of mine tailings: it provides erosion control, landscape rehabilitation, enhances the soil properties for further colonization of other more demanding vegetal species, reduces the leachability of metals downwards the groundwater, and favors the immobilization of metals forming less bioavailable species. The most critical step in phytocapping is the developing of the first vegetative cover because of the biotoxicity of the mine soil and mine tailings. Several amendment materials can be used to ameliorate soil conditions creating a favorable environment for the rooting of plants, as well as serving as a source of nutrients. Local plant species with fast growing are preferable because their adaptation to the soil and climate conditions favors their self-propagation.Öğe Opportunities of electrokinetics for the remediation of mining sites in Biga peninsula, Turkey(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2019) Karaca, Oznur; Cameselle, Claudio; Bozcu, MustafaThis study investigated the geological conditions of Biga Peninsula. There are metamorphic rocks, ophiolitic melange, plutonic rocks, subvolcanics, volcanic rocks and volcanoclastics along with marine and terrestrial sediments in the region. This variety of rocks and the associated minerals resulted in many interesting metallic ores and coal for commercial exploitation. The mining exploitations in Biga Peninsula (Turkey) pose an environmental risk due to the release of contaminants, metals and arsenic, to the soil and waterbodies. This study analyzed the potential release of As and metals (Al, Fe, Mn) from a sediment sampled in a mine pond. The extraction column tests proved that those contaminants can be dissolved from the sediment using deionized water as eluent. The electrokinetic treatment of the sediment was able to remove Al and Mn, but the removal of Fe and As was negligible. The fractionation of As and metals in the sediment confirmed that the electrokinetic treatment was able to mobilize the contaminants. Based on the results of this study, it has been hypothesized that the toxic elements could be removed by electrokinetics using facilitating agents, neutralizing the alkaline environment of the cathode and increasing the treatment time. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Removal of the pesticides from soil using electrokinetic method(Springer-Verlag Italia Srl, 2022) Karaca, Oznur; Karaca, Gursel; Cameselle, Claudio; Karaca, IsmailThis study was designed to test the capability of electrokinetic technology to remediate the soils contaminated with pesticides and metals. A non-polluted soil sample was collected from a forest area, not affected by the human activity. The soil sample was characterized for physical and chemical properties and then spiked with Cu and imidacloprid, two main components of pesticides commonly used in agricultural soils. Soil sample was composed of 9% gravel, 80% sand, 11% silt and clay. The moisture content of soil was 5% and the specific gravity was 2.36. The initial contaminant concentrations were 298 mg/kg of Cu and 3.75 mg/kg of Imidacloprid. A column extraction test was performed to investigate the environmental effects associated with the mobility of the contaminants in the soil. The result of this test showed that copper was partially mobilized by water. No significant mobilization was detected for imidacloprid. The electrokinetic treatment at constant electric gradient (1 DCV/cm) using DI water as processing fluid was able to mobilize and transport the Cu toward the anode and Imidacloprid toward the cathode. However, the net removal of the Cu and Imidacloprid from soil was low. The limited removal efficiency of the contaminants was associated to the short treatment time (1 week) and the premature precipitation and adsorption of the contaminants to the soil particles due to the local physicochemical conditions (mainly pH) in the soil close to the electrodes. This study suggested that electrokinetics can be used for the effective removal of pesticides and metals from soil under controlled physicochemical soil conditions.Öğe Soil Contamination in the Aftermath of Industrial Disasters: Risk Assessment and Crisis Management(Ios Press, 2024) Taneja, Sonam; Karaca, Oznur; Haritash, A. K.Industrialisation has brought numerous benefits to society, but it has also led to environmental challenges, including the risk of industrial disasters. Industrial disasters pose significant risks to environmental health, with soil contamination emerging as a prevalent consequence. The resultant contamination renders affected sites barren and unsuitable for reuse, necessitating the treatment of such sites post-disaster to restore soil functionality and ecosystem. In this context, the review proposes an appropriate approach to carry out risk assessment studies of contaminated sites and to discuss strategies for the post-disaster management of contaminated soil. The review delves into the policy and legislative landscape governing industrial disaster management in India to facilitate progress in the remedial direction.Öğe Soil–Water Interactions and Arsenic Enrichment in Groundwater(wiley, 2022) Taneja, Sonam; Yadav, Shivani; Pipil, Harsh; Karaca, Oznur; Haritash, A.K.Over the past decades, population boom, urbanization, and industrialization have overburdened the surface water sources rendering them non-potable for consumption. A switch to relatively safer groundwater resource, to meet the demand for drinking and other activities, has led to a significant effect on its quality and quantity. Overextraction of groundwater has led to decline in the water table, thus, exposing it to contaminants that seep in from the soil surface, particularly during seepage of surface water. Considering the toxicity of pollutants in groundwater, particularly the inorganic pollutants like heavy metals, arsenic (As) in groundwater possess a serious threat to the exposed population. The source of arsenic in groundwater has been reported to be geogenic in nature; however, organic matter inflow by anthropogenic sources facilitated by microbial degradation of minerals (Fe and Mn) releases the soil-absorbed arsenic into the groundwater. In India, As has been reported in the belt of Ganga-Brahmaputra plains including West Bengal, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, and the North-Eastern states. Scientific investigations in these regions have identified As concentration greater than the acceptable limit of 10 ?g/L, leaving 360 million people vulnerable to groundwater As contamination. Arsenic can cause a wide range of chronic and acute illness when consumed in concentration above 10 ?g/L in inorganic form, which usually occurs as trivalent arsenite (arsenous acid, As(III), H 3 AsO 3) or pentavalent arsenate (arsenic acid, As(V), H 3 AsO 4). The inorganic As is absorbed by the kidney, liver, and lungs and gets deposited in tissues of nails, hair, and skin. Long-term exposure of As can cause pigmentation changes, skin lesions, or hyperkeratosis. Alternatively, As-free groundwater sources and removal of As from the existing water source are the only viable options to prevent arsenic toxicity. Using alternative sources, like, harvested rainwater or reclaimed wastewater for irrigation can help to prevent As exposure to soil and crops. The crisis of arsenic poisoning can be curbed with techniques like cost-effective watershed treatment along with creating proper awareness. © 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published 2023 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.
