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Öğe Arsenate Adsorption on Goethite Nanorods in the Presence of Geochemical Constituents(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Alidokht, Leila; Karaca, Öznur; Shirzadeh, NasserThe present study describes the adsorption kinetics of arsenate (AsV) from solution by synthetic goethite nanorods (GN) in the presence of clay mineral, calcite, and leonardite-derived humic acid (HA). Batch experiments were performed at different pH values (5.5, 7, 8.5) to obtain the adsorption kinetics of AsV using 1 g L−1 GN, 120 mg L−1 HA, 4 g L−1 calcite, and 20 g L−1 kaolinite. Experiments containing calcite were only performed at pH values 7 and 8.5. The initial concentration of As was kept at 100 µM. Results showed that GN adsorbs near 50–70% As, depending on pH, and the reaction kinetics can be described by a pseudo-second-order model. Adsorption efficiency and the rate decreased with increasing alkalinity, indicating competition for sorption sites between AsV and OH− on GN. Calcite and HA showed no efficiency toward the adsorption of As within the studied time range. Slight As adsorption efficiency (≈ 14%) by kaolinite was observed at pH 5.5. In all studied pH values, the presence of HA, kaolinite, and calcite significantly inhibited the efficiency and rate of As removal by GN. Limited As adsorption in the presence of HA is probably due to the blockage of GN reactive surface sites by HA. In a system containing kaolinite and GN, the overall As removal rate was controlled by the lowest adsorbent. Interaction effects between kaolinite and calcite, calcite and HA, and kaolinite and HA on the removal of As were statistically insignificant.Öğe Bedrock Depth Calculation of Çanakkale (Turkey) Basin Using Rayleigh Ellipticity and Microgravity Survey(Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 2023) Büyüksaraç, Aydın; Eyisüren, Onur; Bektaş, Özcan; Karaca, ÖznurIt is a well-known fact that the local ground effect plays an important role in the damage to structures during earthquakes. In order to define the soil-structure interaction correctly, the geometry of the tight and loose soil layers in the soil should be well known. In addition, the impedance contrast due to local ground effects can be deeper than the first 30 m, which is accepted as the engineering depth, and in this case, the Vs,30 parameter is disabled. For this reason, the location of engineering bedrock and seismic bedrock gains importance. The variation of shear wave velocity with depth is a key parameter for seismic field effect estimation. In addition, the separation of low-density layers close to the surface and higher-density bedrock can be easily done by the gravity method. Bedrock/seismic foundation levels were determined by using these two methods together for canakkale soils, which are known to have thick alluvial thickness and liquefaction problems. Microgravity measurements were made at 100 points and the anomalies obtained were modelled in three dimensions. In light of the data obtained from this study, it has been determined that the thickness of the loose basin unit in the study area is in the range of about 50-300 m. Ambient vibration was recorded with the help of a velocity seismometer at 146 points, and S velocity (Vs) profiles were obtained by using the inversion of the observed ellipticity curve. In addition, the velocity-depth change rate structure of the basin is defined depending on the Vs velocities on the 2D gravity model made along the two profiles that cut the basin in N-S and E-W directions. Along these profiles, the frequency range has been determined as 0.8-1.3 Hz in the deep parts of the Basin and 1.5-11.0 Hz in the shallow parts.Öğe Çerçi ve Murt Deresi (Fethiye-Muğla) Taşkın Duyarlılık Alanlarının CBS ile Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Analizi Kullanılarak Haritalanması(2021) Tüzgen, Güzin Akın; Karaca, ÖznurDünyada ve Türkiye’de en önemli doğal tehlikelerden biri olan taşkınlar doğal ya da\rinsan müdahalesi sonucu, şiddetine ve oluşum şartlarına bağlı olarak az veya çok\rolumsuz etki yaratarak afetlere yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Muğla İli Fethiye\ryerleşim alanı içerisinde yer alan Çerçi Deresi’nin taşkın analizi yapılarak, dere\ryatağının da bulunduğu çalışma alanı için taşkın duyarlılık haritası hazırlanmıştır.\rİnceleme alanı için Çerçi Deresi etrafında taşkına duyarlı alanların haritalanmasında\rbölgeye ait jeolojik, jeomorfolojik, sedimantolojik ve hidrolojik verilerden\ryararlanılmıştır. Çalışma alanı zeminlerinin fiziksel özellikleri incelenmiş ve ince kum,\rsilt ve kil boyutundaki sedimanların yoğunlukta olduğu görülmüştür. Alınan örnekler\rile yapılan zemin deneyleri neticesinde hakim zemin sınıfının orta plastisiteli inorganikkil (CL) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Taşkına duyarlı alanların haritalanmasında konumsal\ranaliz çalışmaları sırasında ArcGIS 10 programı ve alt modül olan Spatial Analysis\rmodülünden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışma alanının eğim, yükseklik, akarsuya yakınlık,\rjeoloji, arazi kullanımı ve bakı gibi kriterlere ait altlık haritaları oluşturulmuş ve ağırlıklı\rçakıştırma yöntemi kullanılarak taşkın duyarlılık analizi ArcGIS programı kullanılarak\rgerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçta, çalışma alanına ait taşkın duyarlılık haritası elde\redilmiştir. Oluşturulan bu duyarlılık haritasına göre çalışma alanının %17,64’ü taşkına\ryüksek duyarlı alanlar içerisinde yer almaktadır. Taşkına çok yüksek duyarlı alanlar\rda çalışma alanın güneybatısındaki Fethiye yerleşim merkezindeki alanları\riçermektedir.Öğe Citric Acid-Assisted Electrokinetic Remediation of Arsenic and Metal-Rich Acidic Mine Pond Sediments(Mdpi, 2025) Karaca, ÖznurMining activities in the study area have led to the formation of irregular depressions where rainwater accumulates, creating acidic mine ponds. The water in these ponds becomes contaminated through contact with mine wastes and bottom sediments, leading to the dispersion of toxic metals and metalloids into the surrounding environment and food chain. This study investigates electrokinetic remediation (EKR) of highly contaminated acidic mine pond sediments and evaluates the role of citric acid (CA) as a biodegradable and environmentally friendly chelating agent. The sediment was highly acidic (pH 3.35) and contained elevated concentrations of Al, Fe, Mn, and As. Laboratory-scale EKR experiments were conducted for 27 days under a constant potential gradient of 1 V/cm, using 0.1 M CA as the electrolyte. The results obtained from this study were compared with those obtained using deionised water (DIW) as the electrolyte. The results demonstrated that CA significantly enhanced metal mobility, leading to higher removal efficiencies for Al (82.4%), As (51.1%), Mn (32.9%), and Fe (29.5%) compared to DIW. The pH near the cathode remained more balanced, and metal precipitation was minimised. Furthermore, total energy consumption decreased by about 53% (from 551 to 262 kWh/m3), indicating improved process efficiency. These results reveal that CA-assisted EKR can be an effective and sustainable method for the remediation of highly acidic mine pond sediments.Öğe Combined effects of high voltage gradient and electrolyte conditioning on electrokinetic remediation for chromium (VI)-contaminated soils(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Taneja, Sonam; Karaca, Öznur; Haritash, A. K.Disposal of chromium-containing industrial waste has led to soil contamination at dispersed locations around the globe. Considering the carcinogenic, non-biodegradable, and bioaccumulating nature of hexavalent chromium Cr (VI), it is per-tinent to treat the contaminated soils. Electrokinetic Remediation (EKR) is a promising technology to remediate metal-contaminated soils under the influence of an electric field. This study investigated the removal of Cr (VI) by EKR, enhanced with a combination of high voltage (50 V), electrolyte conditioning using EDTA (0.1 M), and type of electrode material. Under controlled conditions using distilled water, low voltage (20 V at 1 V/cm) resulted in 22% removal, while high volt-age (50 V at 2.5 V/cm) resulted in 55% removal of Cr (VI) in 10 h of treatment period. The removal was further enhanced to 77% by amending with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA 0.1 M) as an electrolyte at a high voltage gradient of 2.5 V/cm. Classifying the role of electrode (graphite and stainless steel), based on the removal efficiency and corrosion of electrodes, graphite resulted in higher removal compared to stainless steel but with a significantly higher corrosion effect. Characterization of soil after EKR experiments exhibited improved liquid and plastic limits, and insignificant difference in Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and other parameters related to soil health. Energy consumption and cost-estimation revealed that application of high voltage, along with conditioning of electrolyte with EDTA can significantly increase removal of Cr (VI) in short period of time in a cost-effective (0.8 US$/g) way, thereby can be applied for rapid treatment of large volumes of soil without affecting the properties of soil.Öğe Combined Use of Standard Penetration Test and Shear Wave Velocities in Liquefaction Analysis: Çanakkale Example(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Eyisüren, Onur; Karaca, Öznur; Büyüksaraç, Aydın; Işık, ErcanIn order to investigate the liquefaction potential of the Çanakkale residential area, 151 boreholes, SPT, and 1027 classification tests were performed on disturbed samples, and 110 units of shear wave velocity (Vs) were determined by multi-channel analysis (MASW) of surface waves, and Vs values determined by underground water level information is used. Unlike previous studies, which were made using the simplified method based on SPT-N, liquefaction potential index (IL) and liquefaction risk index (IR) maps based on the standard penetration test (SPT) as well as Vs parameters were created separately for the Çanakkale settlement area. Very high IL and IR values were obtained in most of the city centers around Sarıçay. At the same time, analyses were repeated for different energy levels in order to investigate the effect of the energy coefficient, which is one of the SPT numbers of impact correction factors, on the analysis. As a result of all the analyses, it is thought that the energy level transferred in the SPT significantly affects the results, and since shear wave velocity (Vs) does not require such a correction, using SPT-N values as a reference in the analyses will reduce the negative effects that may arise from the uncertainties in field tests.Öğe Designing of Self-sustain Electrokinetic Experiment for Saline Soil Treatment(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Karaca, Öznur; Cameselle, Claudio; Çalık, Ayten; Ulugergerli, Emin UğurThe lands stretching at the shorelines suffer from salinization which is one of the main environmental problems. Removing harmful salt contaminants requires an excessive amount of effort. The electrokinetic remediation (EKR) of soils away from urbanization is challenging since it requires a constant power supply. This research investigates the field scale effect of imposed electrical gradient (IEG) for the removal of salts from the soil with EKR using a solar panel-driven power supply. The testing soil was sampled in the Çanakkale-Dardanos Campus (CDC) area, in northwest Turkiye. The land in the CDC suffers from extreme saline water intrusion due to the excessive pumping of fresh water from multiple wells scattered in a relatively small area. The initial concentrations of salt ions were determined. Ca2+ showed the highest concentration (60,300 mg/kg) followed by Mg2+ (16,000 mg/kg), K+ (13,800 mg/kg), and Na+ ions (12,600 mg/kg). The most abundant anionic salt concentrations were Cl? (674 mg/kg) and SO4 2? (118 mg/kg). Lab-scale EKR studies showed that the EKR requires a minimum of 5-days to achieve satisfactory results. Therefore, we propose a mobile solar panel system and EKR as an innovative, sustainable, and environmentally friendly alternative to apply the EKR technology to saline soil. We will focus on designing the power supply system and fluid circulated electrodes. The results will be presented in due course.Öğe Electrokinetic Remediation of Metal-Contaminated Soils: Influence of Operating Variables(American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 2025) Taneja, Sonam; Karaca, Öznur; Haritash, A.K.Soil pollution is a global concern due to its direct influence on agriculture and food security which needs immediate attention. Electrokinetic Remediation (EKR) is one of the emerging technologies for contaminant removal from soil with the application of direct current electricity. This study investigated the effect of operating variables of EKR, including voltage, electrolyte solution, and electrode material on artificially contaminated soils with Hexavalent Chromium [Cr (VI)] and Lead [Pb (II)]. Results of the study indicated that applied voltage had a profound effect on the removal efficiency of EKR with a maximum removal of 55% and 64% for Cr (VI) and Pb, respectively, at 2.5 V/cm. However, with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), the removal rate for Cr (VI) (77%) was higher as compared to Pb (65%). Similarly, the behavior of electrode material exhibited contrasting results, with graphite more suited for Cr (VI), while stainless steel for Pb removal. The findings suggested that the operating conditions vary with the type of metal contaminant present. © ASCE.Öğe Electrokinetic remediation: Past experiences and future roadmap for sustainable remediation of metal-contaminated soils(Elsevier, 2024) Taneja, Sonam; Karaca, Öznur; Haritash, Anil KumarSoil pollution due to heavy metals has become a serious environmental concern in the past decade, adversely affecting soil conditions and global food security. Due to this, considerable attention has been given to developing suitable remediation technologies, particularly for heavy metals. Among them, Electrokinetic Remediation (EKR) is a promising developing technique due to its great efficiency for fine-grained soils. The use of an electric field to remove contaminants from soil is effective on a wide range of matrices irrespective of the heterogeneity. In this context, the present study provides a detailed discussion on the design and operational considerations of EKR, mainly, power, electrode, and electrolyte characteristics. The major limitations of EKR, innovative modifications of EKR operations to overcome the limitations, and EKR-integrated technologies have been addressed. The optimization of regulating parameters ensures maximum efficiency towards removal of contaminants at minimum cost of treatment, thus, highlighting the engineering aspect of electrokinetics at field scale. The sustainability concerns arising from EKR and its possible alternative solutions have been discussed, to provide useful information and prospects to researchers in the field.Öğe Enhanced Electrokinetic Remediation of Agricultural Soil: Assessment of Chromium (VI) Removal and Soil Property Alterations(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2025) Mehta, Anjali; Kathuria, Tanisha; Taneja, Sonam; Kumar, Sudesh; Karaca, Öznur; Haritash, Anil KumarThis study evaluated the efficiency of enhanced electrokinetics (EKR) in removing hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) from agricultural soil using three potent electrolyte solutions: citric acid (CA), EDTA, and Tween 80. Distilled water was used as a control experiment. Further, to understand the influence of the applied current across the soil column and the targeted areas, a length-wise as well as depth-wise distribution of Cr (VI) was analyzed. Additionally, the key properties of agricultural soil, such as organic matter, carbonate content and sulfate ions, were investigated to study both the effect of soil properties on the efficiency of EKR, and the alterations in soil properties due to the EKR treatment. The findings revealed that CA was the most effective enhancing agent in removing Cr (VI), with 37.5% removal, followed by EDTA (33.4%), distilled water (23.8%), and Tween 80 (22.8%). The chromate ions, Cr-EDTA complexes, and Cr-Cit complexes migrated toward the anode through electro-migration, resulting in higher Cr (VI) in analytes and S1 and S2 soil sections. The surfactant could not form a metal complex but caused the mobilization of organic matter and soil colloids, resulting in relatively lower removal rates. The depth-wise Cr (VI) distribution indicated higher Cr (VI) retention at the bottom and middle sections due to gravitational leaching and compact soil arrangement. EKR was effective in eliminating excess sulfate ions from the soil, while improving the availability of essential nutrients through organic matter mobilization. The application of CA-enhanced EKR over Cr (VI)-contaminated agricultural field can give promising remediation with minimum disturbance to the soil properties.Öğe Fake and Synthetic Minerals; A Way to Sustain the Gem Supply(Springer-Verlag Singapore Pte Ltd, 2019) Çalık, Ayten; Karaca, Öznur; Yaşar, Cumali; Ulugergerli, Emin U.High demand for some rare gems creates pressure on the production line and some gems are consumed quickly in some countries. In order to sustain the gem supply to the most demanding markets, man-made minerals may be considered as an alternative to expensive genuine ones. Non-genuine precious and semiprecious stones can be found as enhanced, reproduced, and counterfeited gems. The former is extremely common among precious gems, while the last one is usually for semiprecious stones. Enhancement methods transform (or recycle) very low-quality (waste) gems into unique jewelry. Fabricated crystals are obtained (or recycled) from different or even irrelevant materials. The identification of such materials is getting harder due to continuous improvement in production technologies. Governing bodies have begun to issue regulations to their members so that misleading information given in retail can be reduced. In addition to limited regulation and enforcement, the buyers will also need some sort of education provided by trustworthy foundations such as reputable labs, mineral museums, and academic institutions. Although the internet provides a vast amount of information about fake minerals, most of which is also fictitious, especially, earth science-related museums should have a special duty in this regard and educate the public through hands-on experiments.Öğe Flood Susceptibility Mapping of Çerçi and Murt River (Fethiye-Muğla) Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and GIS(Hacettepe Universitesi Yerbilmleri, 2021) Tüzgen, Güzin Akin; Karaca, ÖznurFloods are one of the most important natural hazards in the world and in Turkey, and depending on their severity and formation conditions, they can cause disasters by creating diverse negative impacts sources from natural effects or human intervention. In this study, flood susceptibility map was prepared by conducting flood analysis of Çerçi River in Fethiye District of Mugla Province, Turkey. While determining the flood susceptibility of Çerçi River, the geologic, geomorphologic, sedimentological, and hydrological data of the region were used. The physical properties of the study area were investigated, and it was observed that the fine sand, silt, and clay sediments were dominant. As a result of the soil tests performed with the samples, it was determined that the dominant soil class was medium plasticity inorganic clay (CL). For performing spatial analyses, the ArcGIS 10 software from ESRI Inc. and its module Spatial Analysis were used to map susceptible areas to floods. Different maps of the study area, such as slope, elevation, proximity to the rivers, geology, land use and aspect were employed in ArcGIS software using the weighted overlay method. As a result, the flood susceptibility map of the study area was obtained. Based on this susceptibility map, 17.64% of the study area is located in high susceptible areas. Very high susceptible areas include the parts of Fethiye District located in the southwest of the study area. © 2021, Hacettepe Universitesi Yerbilmleri. All rights reserved.Öğe Ganos fayı boyunca Geç Senozoyik yaşlı gerilme durumları, KB Türkiye(2013) Yıldız, Çınar Seray; Özden, Süha; Tutkun, Zeki Salih; Ateş, Özkan; Poyraz, Altuncu Selda; Yeşilyurt, Kapan Sevinç; Karaca, ÖznurSon defa 1912 yılında, magnitütü 7.3 (Ms) olan bir depremle hareket eden Ganos Fayı; K70°D doğrultulu sağ yanal doğrultu atımlı bir fay olarak, Gaziköy (Tekirdağ) ile Saros Körfezi arasında uzanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada; Ganos Fayı boyunca fay topluluklarının kinematik analizi, depremlerin odak mekanizması ters çözümleri ve uydu görüntüleri üzerinde uzaktan algılama çalışmalarıyla; Ganos Fayı ve bölgedeki Geç Senozoyik yaşlı gerilme durumları belirlenmiştir. Fay boyunca birbirleriyle uyumlu faylanma mekanizmalarıyla bir ana tektonik rejimin varlığı saptanmıştır. Bu faylanmalardan ilki, KB-GD yönlü sıkışma ve KD-GB yönlü açılma ekseni ile karakterize olan doğrultu atımlı faylanmadır. En büyük asal gerilme ekseni $(\\sigma_{1})$ 130°±16° ve en küçük asal gerilme ekseni $(\\sigma_{3})$ 53°±13° olarak belirlenmiş ve Rm oranı 0.49 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu faylanma ile uyumlu, eş zamanlı ve KD-GB doğrultulu açılma ekseni ile temsil edilen (?1 düşey yöndedir) lokal normal faylanmalar da belirlenmiştir. KD-GB yönlü açılmayla oluşan bu fayların kinematik analiz sonucunda en küçük asal gerilme ekseni $(\\sigma_{3})$ 28°±18° ile temsil edilmektedir. Ganos Fayı ve yakın çevresinde 2003-2010 yılları arasında meydana gelmiş (M?3.3) 12 adet depremin odak mekanizması ters çözümleri yapılmıştır. Bu çözümler üzerinden yapılan ortak ters çözüme göre; KB-GD yönlü sıkışma ve KD-GB yönlü açılma eksenleri ile karakterize olan doğrultu atımlı faylanmanın günümüzde de etkin olduğu görülmektedir. Günümüzde etkin tektonik rejim için hesaplanan, en büyük asal gerilme ekseni $(\\sigma_{1})$ ve en küçük asal gerilme ekseni $(\\sigma_{3})$ sırasıyla 276°±7° ve 6°±6° dir. Rm oranı da 0.44 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Gerek fayların kinematik analizi, gerekse deprem odak mekanizmalarının ters çözüm işlemi sonucunda elde edilen Rm oranlarının 0.5den küçük olması, Ganos Fayının geçmişte ve günümüzde transtansiyonel bir fay olarak çalıştığını göstermektedir. Uzaktan algılama yöntemiyle uydu görüntüleri üzerinde yapılan çizgisellik analizi çalışmalarında; 223 adet çizgisellik belirlenmiş ve bu çizgiselliklerin çoğunlukla Ganos Fayına parelel oldukları gözlenmiştir; Ganos Fayı; aktif sağ yanal doğrultu atımlı bir faydır ve Geç Pliyosenden beri çalışmaktadır.Öğe Hydrogeochemical Assessment of Groundwater for Drinking and Agricultural Use: A Case Study of Rural Areas of Alwar, Rajasthan(Springer, 2021) Aggarwal, Ankur; Soni, Jigyasa; Sharma, Khyati; Sapra, Mohnish; Karaca, ÖznurGroundwater contributes substantially to the development of arid and semi-arid regions around the globe. The present study integrates groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and irrigation around Alwar city of Rajasthan state, where agriculture is the major land use. The application for drinking was assessed by comparing the observed value with prescribed standards of WHO. Groundwater was found suitable for drinking at most of the locations. The suitability of groundwater for irrigation was determined by calculating ion-based ratios and comparing them against the suggested ratios and indices for agricultural quality. Suitability for irrigation was assessed against electrical conductivity (EC), percentage sodium (%Na), residual Na2CO3 (RSC), per cent soluble sodium (SSP), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Mg hazard and permeability index (PI) etc., and the quality was compromised for EC, %Na and Mg Hz. Since the soil was sandy, the groundwater was found suitable for irrigation over long-term use, with the only problem of magnesium hazard. Based on the different ratios of anions and cations, silicate weathering was observed to be regulating groundwater chemistry, and the groundwater belonged to mixed CaMgCl and CaHCO3− type based on Piper’s classification and relative abundance of ions. Further, meteoric genesis classification showed that the groundwater in the study region had direct base exchange and shallow meteoric water percolation. Presence of kaolinite and quartz minerals in soil confirmed that silicate weathering is the major process controlling groundwater chemistry.Öğe Importance of Bedrock Depth Knowledge in Basins: Çanakkale (Dardanalles) Case History(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Büyüksaraç, Aydın; Karaca, Öznur; Eyisüren, Onur; Bektaş, Özcan; Işık, ErcanIt is not correct to produce the necessary information for structuring, especially in environments such as Çanakkale, which exhibit a basin structure, without determining the bedrock or the strict ground conditions in bedrock. This approach is the basis of earthquake resistant building design. In this study, which was carried out to determine the bedrock/seismic foundation depth for the central settlement of Çanakkale and to define the basin structure to a certain extent, microgravity measurements were taken on a large scale, and the study area was modelled in three dimensions based on the obtained gravity data. By taking long-term microtremor measurements, one-dimensional depth-shear wave (Vs) velocity models were obtained using the Rayleigh ellipticity method. A depth map of the engineering bedrock was created, in which the velocity Vs reached to 2500 m/s. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Öğe Liquefaction Potential Analysis and Mapping of Alluvium Soil: A Case Study in Nazilli-Aydın (West Turkey)(2020) Yürekli, Hayrullah; Karaca, ÖznurThe importance of urban planning for sustainable cities is indispensable. For this, the preparation ofgeotechnical maps, especially, comes to the agenda. Liquefaction susceptibility mapping is importantfor towns located in first-degree earthquake regions. This study investigated the susceptibility toliquefaction in a possible earthquake in Nazilli (Aydın) county considering geologic and geotechnicalstudies. In line with this, firstly drilling was completed at 110 points, with experiments performed onlocation and geotechnical properties determined in soil samples taken during this process. Generally, thecounty is founded on alluvial soils with groundwater very close to the surface. This situation makes itimportant to determine the liquefaction status of the town during a possible earthquake. The liquefactionpotential (FS) of the study area was determined with the simplified SPT based method and additionallythe liquefaction potential index (LPI) was calculated. Using this data and an ArcGIS program, the FSand LPI maps of the study area were prepared. According to the results obtained, the majority of thestudy area has very high liquefaction potential index.Öğe Removal of salinity from soil using the electrokinetic treatment method(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2025) Özentürk, Buse; Karaca, Öznur; Ulugergerli, Emin Uğur; Cameselle, ClaudioThe effectiveness of electrokinetic remediation (EKR) in mitigating soil salinity was investigated using soil samples collected from Kavak Delta (Türkiye) to fulfil the purpose of desalinisation in coastal regions, maintain the ecological balance, and ensure long-term agricultural sustainability. The soil samples exhibited an average pH of 6.84, salinity of 9.33% (NaCl equivalent), and an electrical conductivity (EC) of 15.96 mS/cm, with a total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration of 10 214 ppm. Cation concentrations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and Na+) were quantified by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, while anions were analysed through gravimetric (Cl−) and colorimetric/spectrophotometric methods (NO3− and SO42−). During EKR, a constant potential difference of 1 V/cm was applied across the electrodes for 23 days. Following the EKR, a noticeable decrease in salinity and EC was observed in the anode region (AR). The salinity was 8.9% around the cathode region (CR), similar to the initial value, but in the AR decreased to 3.7%. The average EC values were 4.01 and 17.23 mS/cm in the vicinity of AR and CR, respectively. The TDS value did not improve in the CR but reached 2570 ppm in the AR. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of EKR in mobilising and redistributing salts towards the cathode, thereby reducing soil salinity in targeted areas.Öğe Saha Gözlemleri ve ALOS-PALSAR görüntüsü kullanılarak Eskişehir fayı ve yakın civarının yapısal analizi(Erciyes Üniversitesi, 2015) Gündoğdu, Erdem; Karaca, Öznur; Özden, SühaBu çalışmada; Eskişehir Fayı ve yakın civarında yer alan yapısal unsurların, saha çalışmaları ve ALOS-PALSAR görüntüsü yardımıyla belirlenmesi ve analizinin yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma alanında, ALOS-PALSAR görüntüleri üzerinde belirlenen 287 adet çizgisellik; eş zamanlı olarak sahada ölçülen toplam 177 adet katman, eklem/çatlak, şistozite durumları birlikte değerlendirilmiştir. Tüm bu veriler, kontur-gül diyagramlarında yorumlanmış olup çalışma alanı için KB-GD doğrultulu sıkışma, KD-GB doğrultulu genişleme yönü saptanmıştır. Tüm bu veriler, Batı Anadolu’nun genelinde, günümüzde hakim olan sıkışma-genişleme yönüyle genellikle uyumludur. Bu hakim yönlerle tam uyum sağlamayan verilerin ise, paleotektonik dönemle ilişkili yapılar olabileceği gibi, jeolojik birimler arasındaki sınırları temsil edebileceği veya ton farklılığından kaynaklanabileceği söylenebilirÖğe Simav fayı ve yakın civarının saha verileri ile alos-palsar ve landsat görüntülerinin karşılaştırmalı yapısal analizi(Erciyes Üniversitesi, 2016) Gündoğdu, Erdem; Özden, Süha; Karaca, ÖznurSimav Fayı ve yakın civarı, bölgenin yapısal analizini yapabilmek amacıyla LANDSAT 7 ETM+ ve ALOS-PALSAR uydu görüntüleriyle incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, saha çalışmalarıyla birlikte yorumlanmıştır. LANDSAT uydu görüntüsü üzerinde yapılan analizde, 56 adet çizgisellik belirlenmiştir. Benzer bir çalışma, ALOS-PALSAR uydu görüntüsü üzerinde; en iyi filtreleme sonucunu veren, Lee-Sigma filtresi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmalara ek olarak hazırlanan sayısal yükseklik modeli (SYM) sayesinde de çizgisellikler daha net olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu kapsamda oluşturulan üç boyutlu görüntü ile fay çizgisellikleri daha net olarak ortaya konulmuştur. Ayrıca, LANDSAT 7 ETM+ uydu görüntüsü üzerinde yapılan kontrollü sınıflandırma ile elde edilen görüntüler ile jeolojik birimlerin sınırları çizilmeye çalışılmıştır. Topoğrafik haritalar yardımıyla drenaj sistemlerinde; özellikle Simav Fayı üzerinde derin ve eski dere yataklarında sağ yanal ötelemelerin görülmesi; günümüzde normal fay karakteri sergileyen Simav Fayı’nın, doğrultu atımlı bir faydan normal bir faya dönüşmesinin, günümüze çok yakın bir zamanda (Kuvarterner) olduğunun bir kanıtıdırÖğe Simultaneous Adsorption of Arsenate and Chromate by Goethite: Effect of Humic Acid, Kaolinite, and Calcite(Asce-Amer Soc Civil Engineers, 2025) Alidokht, Leila; Karaca, Öznur; Ulugergerli, Emin UğurThis study designed laboratory-scale experiments to investigate the efficiency of the simultaneous adsorption of AsV and CrVI onto goethite nanorods (GN) and to evaluate the influence of humic acid (HA), calcite, and kaolinite, three selected geochemical components, on the adsorption efficiency and reaction mechanisms. The findings revealed that kaolinite, HA, and calcite were ineffective in adsorbing AsV from the solution. In contrast, GN exhibited a 66% adsorption efficiency for As. For CrVI, GN demonstrated the highest removal efficiency (90.8%), while HA showed the lowest performance (60%). The presence of CrVI in the solution did not significantly impact AsV adsorption by the adsorbents. However, HA, kaolinite, and calcite notably reduced the adsorption efficiency of GN toward AsV. Conversely, the adsorption of CrVI by all adsorbents was negatively influenced by the presence of AsV in the solution. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis supported the batch experiment results, confirming that no oxidation or reduction reactions occurred during the adsorption process, as the valence states of As and Cr remained unchanged from their initial states in the solution. The simultaneous adsorption of As and Cr by GN in mixed solutions, particularly in the presence of geochemical components, proved to be a complex process. Across all experiments, Cr adsorption was consistently hindered by the presence of As. These results provide valuable insights for designing remediation strategies for water contaminated with both chromate and arsenate. Tailoring the approach to the specific geochemical composition of the affected area can enhance the effectiveness of surface and groundwater remediation.
