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    Assessing the impact of dietary polystyrene nanoplastics on growth performance, immunological parameters, and antioxidant defense in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
    (John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Ahmadifar, Ehsan; Shohreh, Poulin; Kalhor, Naser; Moghadam, Mohsen Shahriari; Yılmaz, Sevdan
    This trial was performed in order to investigate the response of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to dietary exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) under laboratory conditions on fish growth and health. Healthy zebrafish (n=240) were divided into 12 tanks and fed with diets including 0 (T0), 100 (T1), 500 (T2), and 1000 (T3) mg kg−1 synthesized polystyrenes nanoplastics (PS-NPs) for 30 days. At the end of trial, fish fed the PS-NPs supplementation showed weight gain percentages of 79.45%, 70.35%, and 61.88% for T1, T2, and T3 groups, respectively, compared with 87.39% in the control fish. The SOD, GPX and MDA activities and cortisol levels increased by 47%, 32% and 35% and 46%, respectively, especially at high-dose administration (p < 0.05). The expression of GPX (T2-81% and T3-82%) and SOD (T2-101% and T3-187%) were remarkably upregulated in T2 and T3 groups. Moreover, the relative gene expression of HSP70, interleukin-1 (IL1), Interferon γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) increased by 178%, 202%, 154% and 307%, respectively, especially at high-dose administration (p < 0.05). The results of the present study demonstrated that exposure to PS-NPs especially at high concentrations (500 and 1000 mg kg−1 of diet) negatively influenced growth, health status-, antioxidant-, and immunity-related gene expression responses of zebrafish.
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    Dietray artichoke (Cynara scolymus) extract ameliorated the growth performance, humoral immune parameters and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in goldfish (Carassius auratus)
    (Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2024) Mousavi, Shalaleh; Mohammadzadeh, Sedigheh; Mood, Sara Mehdizadeh; Ahmadifar, Ehsan; Sheikhzadeh, Najmeh; Kalhor, Naser; Moghadam, Mohsen Shahriari
    This trial investigated the efficacy of artichoke (Cynara scolymus) extract (AE) on the growth performance, immunity, antioxidant parameters, and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila of goldfish (Carassius auratus). For this purpose, a total number of 470 gold fish with initial weight 5.70 +/- 0.2 g fed with four experimental diets including 0 (T0), 100 (T1), 150 (T2), and 200 (T3) mg kg v diet AE for 8 weeks. At the end of feeding trial, growth performances, serum immune parameters, and mucus antioxidant enzymes were measured. Fish were challenged with A. hydrophila, and the antioxidant and immunity-related gene expression were investigated. Based on the results, the highest final weight (FW) and weight gain (WG) attained in T2 and T3 (P<0.05). Immune factors including ACH50, lysozyme, and total immunoglobulin in T2 and T3 showed the highest values (P<0.05). The expression of GR, IL1 beta, TNF alpha, HSC70, HSP70, and HSP90 beta genes in T1, T2, and T3 were higher than the control (P<0.05). The GST expression was significantly enhanced in T2 (P<0.05). The present study demonstrated that the administration of AE, especially at doses of 150 mg kg(-1), could improve the growth, immunity, and antioxidant parameters, as well as enhance disease resistance against A. hydrophila in goldfish.
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    Quercetin Application for Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio): I. Effects on Growth Performance, Humoral Immunity, Antioxidant Status, Immune-Related Genes, and Resistance against Heat Stress
    (Hindawi Limited, 2023) Armobin, Kobra; Ahmadifar, Ehsan; Adineh, Hossein; Samani, Mahsa Naderi; Kalhor, Naser; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Hoseinifar, Seyed Hossein; Van Doan, Hien
    This study was done to evaluate the effect of different quercetin levels on growth performance, immune responses, antioxidant status, serum biochemical factors, and high-temperature stress responses in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). A total number of 216 common carp with an average weight of 27.21 ± 53 g were divided into 12 tanks ( four treatments × three replications ) and fed 0 mg/kg quercetin (T0), 200 mg/kg quercetin (T1), 400 mg/kg quercetin (T2), and 600 mg/kg quercetin (T3) for 60 days. There were significant differences in growth performance, and the highest final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed intake (FI) were observed in T2 and T3 ( P < 0.05 ). Different quercetin levels significantly increased complement pathway activity (ACH50) and lysozyme activity both before and after heat stress ( P < 0.05 ). Catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly increased in fish exposed to heat stress, but fish fed with a supplemented diet with quercetin showed the lowest levels both before and after heat stress ( P < 0.05 ). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were significantly enhanced in fish fed diets supplemented with quercetin in both phases ( P < 0.05 ). Different quercetin levels led to a significant decrease in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) before and after the challenging test ( P < 0.05 ). Glucose and cortisol levels were significantly higher in the control group compared to the other treatments in both phases ( P < 0.05 ). The expression of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and lysozyme was markedly upregulated in fish fed with quercetin-supplemented diets ( P < 0.05 ). No marked effects were observed for growth hormone (GR) and interleukin-8 (IL8) ( P > 0.05 ). In conclusion, dietary quercetin supplementations (400-600 mg/kg quercetin) improved growth performance, immunity, and antioxidant status and increased tolerance to heat stress.