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    Investigating the impact of coach behaviours and coach-athlete relationships on psychological safety
    (Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Senel, Ender; Jowett, Sophia; Adilogullari, Ilhan; Kerr-Cumbo, Renzo
    The aims of the present study were two-fold: (a) to examine the links between two sets of perceived coach behaviours (supportive and controlling) and psychological safety, as well as (b) to explore whether the quality of the coach-athlete relationship explains the link between the two sets of coach behaviours and psychological safety. A total of 295 Turkish athletes (42% female and 58% male) in team sports with a mean age of 21.69 (+/- 4.71) completed a multi-section questionnaire that measured the three main variables of the study, namely, coach behaviours, coach-athlete relationship quality, and psychological safety. Structural equation modelling revealed that both perceived coach behaviours (supportive and thwarting/controlling) and coach-athlete relationship quality predicted athletes' psychological safety in their team. Moreover, the quality of the coach-athlete relationship explained the association between athletes' perceptions of coach behaviours and psychological safety within the team context. The findings of this study contribute to growing research that examines the processes by which psychological safety can be nurtured in sports. While evidence thus far suggests that a coach orchestrates the environment, the findings of this study would seem to suggest that athletes, through good-quality relationships with their coaches, can stimulate the creation of a psychologically safe environment. The findings are discussed with a particular emphasis on future research directions and practical applications.
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    Psychological predictors of mental well-being in Judo athletes: Exploring the impacts of the coach-athlete relationship, social support, and psychological safety
    (Elsevier, 2025) Şenel, Ender; Kuettel, Andreas; Adiloğulları, İlhan; Jowett, Sophia
    Psychological predictors of mental well-being are crucial for improving athletes' mental health. Identifying and supporting the mental health of athletes is essential for a well-functional elite sports system. Previous research suggested that the quality of the coach-athlete relationship and a psychologically safe interpersonal environment can positively influence mental health. However, the interplay between these components and the role of social support has yet to be tested empirically. Therefore, the present study explored the impact of coach-athlete relationship quality and psychological safety on mental well-being through perceived social support within and outside sports. A sample of 323 national and international Turkish Judo athletes completed online questionnaires. Structural equation modelling revealed significant positive effects of the coach-athlete relationship on Judo athletes' mental well-being, mediated by social support and psychological safety. These findings demonstrate that the quality of the coach-athlete relationship can enhance perceived support in and outside sport, and perceived social support can contribute to experiencing a psychologically safe environment within which mental health issues are discussed, leading to an elevated well-being. The coach-athlete relationship alone was not a key factor for enhancing a psychologically safe environment related to athletes' mental health. However, the relationship athletes develop with their coach positively influences mental well-being via the perception of received social support and an enhanced psychologically safe environment specifically designed to allow athletes to discuss mental health issues. These results offer practical recommendations for coaches and professionals working in sports to improve athletes' mental well-being.