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Öğe Effect of statins on arterial wall inflammation as assessed by 18F-FDG PET CT: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis(BMC, 2024) Jamialahmadi, Tannaz; Reiner, Zeljko; Simental-Mendia, Luis E.; Almahmeed, Wael; Karav, Sercan; Eid, Ali H.; Giammarile, FrancescoBackgroundPathogenesis of atherosclerosis is largely mediated by inflammatory process. Statins are lipid-lowering drugs which also have anti-inflammatory effects. 18 fluorine radiolabeled fluorodeoxyglucose (18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) is considered to be a good indicator of arterial wall inflammation. Therefore, in this meta-analysis the role of statins on inflammatory process in the artery wall was evaluated using this method since its actual validity for this purpose is not yet well established.MethodsPubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar databases were searched using MESH terms and keywords. Funnel plot, Begg's rank correlation, and Egger's weighted regression tests evaluated publication bias in the meta-analysis. In cases where funnel plot asymmetry was observed, the trim and fill method was used to check the input of potentially missing studies.ResultsFindings of 10 clinical trials involving 373 subjects showed a remarkable reduction of arterial wall 18 F-FDG uptake according to target-to-background ratio (TBR) index after treatment with statins. Subgroup analysis showed a significant decrease in TBR with high-intensity and non-significant reduction of TBR with low-to-moderate-intensity statin therapy.ConclusionTreatment with statins suppressed arterial wall inflammation as shown by using 18 F-FDG PET-CT.Öğe Exploring the antioxidant properties of semaglutide: A comprehensive review(Elsevier Science Inc, 2024) Yaribeygi, Habib; Maleki, Mina; Forouzanmehr, Behina; Kesharwani, Prashant; Jamialahmadi, Tannaz; Karav, Sercan; Sahebkar, AmirhosseinPatients with diabetes commonly experience an aberrant production of free radicals and weakened antioxidative defenses, making them highly susceptible to oxidative stress development. This, in turn, can induce and promote diabetic complications. Therefore, utilizing antidiabetic agents with antioxidative properties can offer dual benefits by addressing hyperglycemia and reducing oxidative damage. Semaglutide, a recently approved oral form of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues, has shown potent antidiabetic effects. Additionally, recent studies have suggested that it possesses antioxidative properties. However, the exact effects and the molecular pathways involved are not well understood. In this review, we present the latest findings on the antioxidative impacts of semaglutide and draw conclusions about the mechanisms involved.Öğe Hepatic effects of GLP-1 mimetics in diabetic milieu: A mechanistic review of involved pathways(Elsevier Science Inc, 2025) Yaribeygi, Habib; Kashian, Kiana; Moghaddam, Kimia Imani; Karim, Sheida Rashmeh; Bagheri, Narges; Karav, Sercan; Jamialahmadi, TannazPatients with diabetic are at a higher risk of developing hepatic disorders compared to non-diabetic individuals. This increased risk can be attributed to the diabetic environment, which triggers and exacerbates harmful pathways involved in both diabetic complications and hepatic disorders. Therefore, it is important to consider the use of antidiabetic agents that offer benefits beyond glycemic control and have positive effects on liver tissues. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mimetics are a novel class of antidiabetic medications known for their potent blood sugar-lowering effects. Emerging evidence suggests that these drugs also have favorable effects on the liver. However, the precise effects and underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. In this review, we aim to provide a mechanistic perspective on the liver benefits of GLP-1 mimetics and outline the mediating mechanisms involved.Öğe Impact of statin therapy on CD40:CD40L signaling: mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities(Springer Heidelberg, 2024) Askarizadeh, Fatemeh; Karav, Sercan; Jamialahmadi, Tannaz; Sahebkar, AmirhosseinStatins are widely utilized to reduce cholesterol levels, particularly in cardiovascular diseases. They interface with cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A (HMG-CoA) reductase enzyme. Besides their primary effect, statins demonstrate anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating properties in various diseases, highlighting the pleiotropic effect of these drugs. The CD40:CD40L signaling pathway is considered a prominent inflammatory pathway in multiple diseases, including autoimmune, inflammatory, and cardiovascular diseases. The findings from clinical trials and in vitro and in vivo studies suggest the potential anti-inflammatory effect of statins in modulating the CD40 signaling pathway and downstream inflammatory mediator. Accordingly, as its classic ligand, statins can suppress immune responses in autoimmune diseases by inhibiting CD40 expression and blocking its interaction with CD40L. Additionally, statins affect intracellular signaling and inhibit inflammatory mediator secretion in chronic inflammatory diseases like asthma and autoimmune disorders such as myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erymanthus, and cardiovascular diseases like atherosclerosis. However, it is essential to note that the anti-inflammatory effect of statins may vary depending on the specific type of statin used. In this study, we aim to explore the potential anti-inflammatory effects of statins in treating inflammatory diseases by examining their role in regulating immune responses, particularly their impact on the CD40:CD40L signaling pathway, through a comprehensive review of existing literature.Öğe Lerodalcibep: Another Crucial Addition to the Dyslipidaemia Arsenal(Imr Press, 2025) Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Karav, Sercan; Almahmeed, Wael; Jamialahmadi, Tannaz[No abstract available]Öğe Neuroprotective and cognitive benefits of Semaglutide: Insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2025) Yaghmayee, Shayan; Moazzeni, Atefeh Sadat; Jamialahmadi, Tannaz; Karav, Sercan; Yaribeygi, Habib; Kesharwani, Prashant; Sahebkar, AmirhosseinNeuronal injury is a common complication in patients with diabetes. These injuries include a wide range of neurobehavioral complications that significantly reduce the neuronal network efficiency and quality of life in affected individuals. Currently, diabetes-induced neuronal complications are a major global health challenge, and many studies have been performed to prevent or slow their progression. Semaglutide is a novel form of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist agents that has recently been approved for diabetic patients to normalize glucose metabolism. However, some evidence indicates that it has extra-glycemic effects in some tissues as well as in the central nervous system. This evidence suggests that semaglutide can suppress some pathophysiological pathways involved in diabetes-induced neuronal complications and thus improve neuronal network efficiency. However, there is limited evidence to support all the pathways involved in mediating these benefits. In the current review, we aim to present the latest clinical and experimental findings on the possible benefits of semaglutide on major neuronal complications and to determine the possible molecular mechanisms involved.Öğe Parkinson's disease and brain insulin signaling: Mechanisms and potential role of GLP-1 mimetics(Elsevier, 2025) Foroozanmehr, Behina; Hemmati, Mohammad Amin; Yaribeygi, Habib; Karav, Sercan; Jamialahmadi, Tannaz; Sahebkar, AmirhosseinParkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized primarily by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The pathophysiology of PD is complex and multifactorial involving genetic factors, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired protein clearance, and neuroinflammation but recent evidence emphasizes the role of impaired brain insulin signaling. Insulin is a metabolic hormone with extensive effects on metabolic substrates but recent studies have demonstrated that it is also involved in central signaling pathways and induces different brain areas related to food craving, motor activities, cognitive abilities, and emotional feelings. Hence, it has been suggested that induction of brain insulin sensitivity may be a promising treatment for PD. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mimetics are a new-generation class of antidiabetics that normalize glucose homeostasis via several pathways. Recent studies suggest extraglycemic benefits for GLP-1 mimetics against PD. GLP-1 mimetics can prevent or slow PD progression. Additionally, these agents can improve cognitive functions by improving brain insulin signaling pathways. In this review, we aim to highlight the role of brain insulin signaling in PD pathophysiology and discuss the possible benefits of GLP-1 mimetics in PD management.Öğe Predictive performance of noninvasive factors for liver fibrosis in severe obesity: a screening based on machine learning models(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2025) Jamialahmadi, Tannaz; Looha, Mehdi Azizmohammad; Jangjoo, Sara; Emami, Nima; Abdalla, Mohammed Altigani; Ganjali, Mohammadreza; Salehabadi, Sepideh; Karav, SercanObjectivesLiver fibrosis resulting from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic disorders is highly prevalent in patients with severe obesity and poses a significant health challenge. However, there is a lack of data on the effectiveness of noninvasive factors in predicting liver fibrosis. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the relationship between these factors and liver fibrosis through a machine learning approach.MethodsThis study involved 512 patients who underwent bariatric surgery at an outpatient clinic in Mashhad, Iran, between December 2015 and September 2021. Patients were divided into fibrosis and non-fibrosis groups and demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables were applied to develop four machine learning models: Naive Bayes (NB), logistic regression (LR), Neural Network (NN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM),ResultsAmong the 28 variables considered, six variables including (fasting blood sugar (FBS), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), hemoglobin, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and triglycerides) showed high area under the curve (AUC) values for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis using 2D shear wave elastography (SWE) with LR (0.73, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.81) and SVM (0.72, 59% CI: 0.64, 0.80) models. Furthermore, the highest sensitivities were reported with SVM (0.83, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.91) and NB (0.66, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.77) models, respectively.ConclusionThe predictive performance of six noninvasive factors of liver fibrosis was significantly superior to other factors, showing high application and accuracy in the diagnosis and prognosis of liver fibrosis.Öğe Regulatory effects of statins on CCL2/CCR2 axis in cardiovascular diseases: new insight into pleiotropic effects of statins(BMC, 2024) Gholamalizadeh, Hanieh; Ensan, Behzad; Karav, Sercan; Jamialahmadi, Tannaz; Sahebkar, AmirhosseinBackgroundHMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are well-known medications in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders due to their pleiotropic and lipid-lowering properties. Herein, we reviewed the effects of statins on the CCL2/CCR2 axis.MethodScopus and Pubmed databases were systematically searched using the following keywords: Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductase Inhibitors, HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Statins, CCL2, Chemokine, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 and Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 2. Evidence investigating the role of statin on MCP-1 in CVD was identified and bibliographies were completely evaluated to gather further related studies.ResultsThe anti-inflammatory effects of statins on the CCL2/CCR2 pathway have been widely investigated. Despite inconclusive results, a great body of research supports the regulatory roles of statins on this pathway due to their pleiotropic effects. By disrupting the CCL2/CCR2 axis, statins attenuate the infiltration of monocytes and macrophages into the zone of inflammation and hence down-regulate the inflammatory cascades in various CVDs including atherosclerosis, cardiac remodeling, and stroke, among others.ConclusionCCL2 plays a major role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders. Down-regulation of CCL2 is proposed as one of the pleiotropic properties of statins. However, more investigations are required to elucidate which statin in what dose exerts a more potent effect on CCL2/CCR2 pathway.
