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    24 January 2020 Sivrice (Elazig) earthquake damages and determination of earthquake parameters in the region
    (Techno-Press, 2020) Isik, Ercan; Aydin, Mehmet Cihan; Buyuksarac, Aydin
    The 24 January 2020 (Mw=6.8) earthquake with epicentre in Elazig (Sivrice) on the East Anatolian Fault Zone caused loss of life and property. The information was given about the seismotectonic setting and regional seismicity along this fault zone and aftershock activity and ground motion data of this earthquake. Earthquake parameters were obtained for five different earthquake stations which were closer to the epicentre. Horizontal and vertical design spectra were obtained for the geographic locations for each earthquake station. The obtained spectra for the earthquake epicentre were compared with selected appropriate attenuation relationships. The damages after earthquake were evaluated via geotechnical and structural aspects. This study also aims to investigate the cause-effect relationships between structural damage in reinforced-concrete and masonry structures, respectively. The lack of engineering services was effective on the amount of damage in masonry structures. Insufficient reinforcement and concrete strength, dimensions and inadequate detailing increased the amount of damage in reinforced-concrete structures. Importance should be given to negative parameters that may weaken the defence mechanisms of structures for earthquake-resistant structural design.
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    A Comparative Evaluation of Earthquake Code Change on Seismic Parameter and Structural Analysis; A case of Turkey
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2022) Buyuksarac, Aydin; Isik, Ercan; Bektas, Ozcan
    Turkey, which is one of the countries with high seismic risk, has made significant changes in both seismic risk maps and seismic design codes over time by adapting to these developments. Information about the important changes in the last two earthquake maps and provisions in Turkey was given and the effects of these changes on structural and seismic parameters were examined in this study. In order to make comparisons of seismic parameters, seven different settlements from seven different geographical regions in Turkey were taken into account which have the same seismic risk in the previous earthquake risk map. Seismic moments were also calculated separately for these locations to describe the intensity of future tectonic activity. With the current earthquake hazard map, geographical location-specific earthquake risk has been started to be used instead of regional risk. For the selected settlements with the same seismic risk in the previous map, the seismic risks were found high in some and low in some with the current hazard map. In addition, structural analyses were carried out for the sample reinforced-concrete building with the same structural characteristics in these seven different settlements in order to reveal the effect of the code and map change on the structural analysis. While the target displacements expected from the structures for the settlements with the same seismic risk take the same values, the target displacements are obtained differently for each, since the specific design spectrum is used for each location with the current map.
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    A Comparative Study of the Effects of Earthquakes in Different Countries on Target Displacement in Mid-Rise Regular RC Structures
    (Mdpi, 2022) Isik, Ercan; Hadzima-Nyarko, Marijana; Bilgin, Huseyin; Ademovic, Naida; Buyuksarac, Aydin; Harirchian, Ehsan; Bulajic, Borko
    Data from past earthquakes is an important tool to reveal the impact of future earthquakes on engineering structures, especially in earthquake-prone regions. These data are important indicators for revealing the seismic loading effects that structures will be exposed to in future earthquakes. Five different earthquakes from six countries with high seismic risk were selected and were within the scope of this study. The measured peak ground acceleration (PGA) for each earthquake was compared with the suggested PGA for the respective region. Structural analyzes were performed for a reinforced-concrete (RC) building model with four different variables, including the number of storeys, local soil types, building importance class and concrete class. Target displacements specified in the Eurocode-8 were obtained for both the suggested and measured PGA values for each earthquake. The main goal of this study is to reveal whether the proposed and measured PGA values are adequately represented in different countries. We tried to reveal whether the seismic risk was taken into account at a sufficient level. In addition, target displacements have been obtained separately in order to demonstrate whether the measured and suggested PGA values for these countries are adequately represented in structural analysis and evaluations. It was concluded that both seismic risk and target displacements were adequately represented for some earthquakes, while not adequately represented for others. Comments were made about the existing building stock of the countries considering the obtained results.
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    A Study on the Determination of Damage Levels in Reinforced Concrete Structures during the Kahramanmaras Earthquake on February 06, 2023
    (EDP Sciences, 2023) Isik, Ercan; Shendkar, Mangeshkumar R.; Avcil, Fatih; Büyüksaraç, Aydin; Deshpande, Sandip S.
    Planning for settlement and urban redevelopment following disastrous earthquakes depends on the early detection and control of structural damage. The first damage assessment to be made immediately after the earthquake should be done as practically and quickly as possible. Within the scope of the study, the general causes of damage to the reinforced-concrete buildings in the region affected by the Kahramanmaras earthquake couple dated 06 February 2023, which can be called the disaster of the century for Türkiye, and the first damage assessments were made using the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS-98) for 30 different reinforced concrete structures. This method gives six different building examples for each of the five different damage levels. Considering the buildings used in damage level, information is given about the causes and consequences of the damage. In general, it is the main cause of insufficient reinforced concrete frame damage as well as the effects of structural negativities such as soft storey, short columns, etc. © ICSTCE 2023
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    Damage evaluation of masonry buildings during Kahramanmaras (Turkiye) earthquakes on February 06, 2023
    (Techno-Press, 2023) Isik, Ercan; Buyuksarac, Aydin; Avcil, Fatih; Arkan, Enes; Aydin, M. Cihan; Ulu, Ali Emre
    The Mw=7.7 (Pazarcik-Kahramanmaras) and Mw=7.6 (Elbistan-Kahramanmaras) earthquakes that occurred in Turkiye on 06.02.2023 with 9 hours' intervals, caused great losses of life and property as the biggest catastrophe in the instrumental period. The earthquakes affecting an area of 14% of the country were enormous and caused a great deal of loss of life and damage. Numerous buildings have collapsed or damaged at different levels, both in the city centers and in rural areas. Within the scope of this study, masonry structure damage built from different types of materials in the earthquake region was taken into consideration. In this study, the damage and causes of such masonry structures that do not generally receive engineering services were examined and explained in detail. Insufficient interlocking between wall-wall and wall-roof, inadequate masonry, lack of horizontal and vertical bond beams, usage of low-strength materials, poor workmanship, and heavy earthen roof are commonly caused to structural damages. Separation at the corner point and out-of-plane mechanism in structural walls, and heavy earthen roof damages are common types of damage in masonry structures.
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    The comparison of sectional damages in reinforced-concrete structures and seismic parameters on regional Basis; a case study from western Turkiye (Aegean Region)
    (Techno-Press, 2023) Isik, Ercan; Ulutas, Hakan; Buyuksarac, Aydin
    Turkiye has made significant changes and updates in both seismic risk maps and design codes over time, as have other countries with high seismic risk. In this study, the last two seismic design codes and risk maps were compared for the Aegean Region (Western Turkiye) where the earthquake risk has once again emerged with the 2020 Izmir Earthquake (Mw=6.9). In this study, information about the seismicity of the Aegean Region was given. The seismic parameters for all provinces in the region were compared with the last two earthquake risk maps. The spectral acceleration coefficients of all provinces have increased and differentiated with the current seismic hazard map as a result of the design spectra used on a regional basis have been replaced by the geographical location-specific design spectra. In addition, section damage limits were obtained for all provinces within the scope of the last two seismic design codes. Structural analyses for a sample reinforced-concrete building were made separately for each province using pushover analysis. The deformations in the cross-sections were compared with the limit states corresponding to the damage levels specified in the last two seismic design codes for the region. Target displacement requests for all provinces have decreased with the current code. The differentiation of geographical location-specific design spectra both in the last two seismic design code and between provinces has caused changes in section damages and building performance levels. The main aim of this study is to obtain and compare both seismic and structural analysis results for all provinces in the Aegean Region (Western Turkiye).
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    The Effect of Site-Specific Design Spectrum on Earthquake-Building Parameters: A Case Study from the Marmara Region (NW Turkey)
    (Mdpi, 2020) Isik, Ercan; Buyuksarac, Aydin; Ekinci, Yunus Levent; Aydin, Mehmet Cihan; Harirchian, Ehsan
    The Marmara Region (NW Turkey) has experienced significant earthquakes (M > 7.0) to date. A destructive earthquake is also expected in the region. To determine the effect of the specific design spectrum, eleven provinces located in the region were chosen according to the Turkey Earthquake Building Code updated in 2019. Additionally, the differences between the previous and updated regulations of the country were investigated. Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) and Peak Ground Velocity (PGV) were obtained for each province by using earthquake ground motion levels with 2%, 10%, 50%, and 68% probability of exceedance in 50-year periods. The PGA values in the region range from 0.16 to 0.7 g for earthquakes with a return period of 475 years. For each province, a sample of a reinforced-concrete building having two different numbers of stories with the same ground and structural characteristics was chosen. Static adaptive pushover analyses were performed for the sample reinforced-concrete building using each province's design spectrum. The variations in the earthquake and structural parameters were investigated according to different geographical locations. It was determined that the site-specific design spectrum significantly influences target displacements for performance-based assessments of buildings due to seismicity characteristics of the studied geographic location.
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    The Relationship Between Concrete Strengths Obtained by Destructive and Non-destructive Methods
    (Springer Int Publ Ag, 2020) Karahan, Sebnem; Buyuksarac, Aydin; Isik, Ercan
    Quality of material is an important parameter in structural design. Quality of concrete as a widely used material may be controlled by using pressure testing devices. For this purpose, standard methods are used. However, these methods are difficult, time-consuming and costly. Hence, using non-destructive methods, which are also faster and less costly, has become a must. In this study, ultrasonic pulse velocity and surface hardness values are obtained from samples prepared in the laboratory environment in the context of non-destructive methods and samples collected from an existing concrete structure. Destructive pressure testing is then used to find the compressive strength values of these samples. The study compares and contrasts results from non-destructive and destructive methods. Correlations with discrete and compound methods are obtained with non-destructive methods, and quality evaluation of these correlations is completed.