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Öğe Determining CBRN Risk Perceptions and Preparedness Levels and Related Factors of Emergency Health Services Personnel: Tekirdağ Provincial Example(Ankara University, 2025) Adak, Firdevs Artcı; Inal, Ebru; Kaya, EdipEmergency medical services personnel are among the first responders in the event of a CBRN incident. The aim of this study is to determine the CBRN risk perceptions, preparedness levels, and related factors of emergency medical personnel working in Tekirdağ district. The study was conducted with 142 participants. A socio-demographic questionnaire consisting of 30 items and a scale measuring risk perception and preparedness for CBRN hazards were used. The participants’ responses were transferred to the SPSS 21.0 software, and validity of the measurements was tested through confirmatory factor analysis. As the data were found to be normally distributed across all independent variables, differences between two group means were analyzed using t-tests, and ANOVA were used for variables with more than two categories. In the bivariate analysis, the mean risk perception score of personnel who had participated in CBRN duties was found to be significantly higher than those who had not (p=0.03). Moreover, participants with one year or less of experience had significantly lower mean risk perception scores compared to other groups (p<0.001). Additionally, those who reported having sufficient knowledge about CBRN and those who stated they knew their responsibilities during CBRN incidents had significantly higher preparedness scores (respectively; p<0.001 and p=0.04). Finally, the Pearson correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between the CBRN risk perception score and the preparedness score (r=0.393, p<0.001). It is suggested that practical training and drills may be increased to enhance the capacity of personnel in responding to CBRN events. The study findings suggest that practical training and drills may be increased to enhance the preparedness of emergency health services personnel for CBRN hazards. It should also be noted that efforts to increase personnel’s CBRN risk perception will also positively contribute to their preparedness. © 2025, Ankara University. All rights reserved.Öğe Improving Resilience Capacity of the Policies and Planning for Temporary Shelters in Crises and Disasters(Springer International Publishing, 2022) Okay, Nilgün; Inal, Ebru; Yücel, Gül; Rashem, Oya AçikalinPrevious disasters have pointed out the importance of post-disaster planning for shelter conditions. Providing safety and comfort for everyone in disaster areas, good shelter conditions are essential for preventing diseases and disaster resilience. Temporary shelters are established in terms of operational procedures, shelter management, and basic human needs but not based on spatial factors. Spatial factors can cause social vulnerabilities and lead to difficulties. While many countries are putting efforts into action under the Sendai Framework of Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at a legislative level, the local implementation of actions for each of these goals is not successful. Neither inclusivity, accessibility, gender, nor resilience (for all) is included in the national and local disaster plans. Post-disaster sheltering demands an integrated and inclusive planning approach to building disaster capacity. In this chapter, the thematic analysis of policies on post-disaster sheltering is presented, and the international and national regulations related to inclusivity and accessibility in terms of gender are presented, and recommendations for disaster resilient sheltering are provided. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.Öğe Okul Öncesi Eğitimin Güvenli Yaşam Kültürü Kapsamında Değerlendirilmesi(Hasan Kalyoncu Üniversitesi, 2019) Inal, Ebru; Özcebe, Lütfiye HilalBu çalışmada, uluslararası göstergeler esas alınarak Okul Öncesi Eğitim Programı’nın güvenli yaşam kültürüne ilişkin kazanım ve göstergelerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. 2012-2013 yılında MEB tarafından sunulan ‘‘36-72 Aylık Çocuklar İçin Okul Öncesi Eğitim Programı’’ güvenli yaşam kültürü açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Okul öncesi eğitim programında yer alan bilişsel, sosyal ve duygusal gelişim ile öz bakım becerileri gelişimleri içinde yer alan “kazanım” ve “gösterge”ler belirlenmiştir. Programda güvenli yaşama ait ilkeler ‘’tehlike (li), acil durum, afet, incinebilirlik, kaza, güven(li), risk, sorumluluk, sorun (problem), kural, yeterlilik’’ terimleri ve örüntüleri olarak tanımlanmıştır. Araştırmacılar tarafından UNESCO ve UNICEF teknik rehberlerden geliştirilmiş olan kontrol listesi değerlendirme aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Programda, çocukların günlük yaşama dair sembolleri tanımaları ve sorunlarla karşılaşma durumlarında uygun çözüm yolları sunmaları bilişsel kazanım olarak tanımlanmıştır. Sosyal ve duygusal gelişim kazanımlar, görevi başarma güdülemesinin kazanımı, sorumluluk bilinci, duygularını ifade etme ve kendine olan güven şeklinde yer almaktadır. Öz bakım becerileri olarak ise, kendini tehlike ve kazalardan koruma, acil iletişim numaralarını bilme ve sağlıklı yaşam becerileri olarak belirlenmiştir. Çocukların yaralanmalardan korunmaları için MEB Okul öncesi okul programında güvenli yaşam kültürü bilgi, beceri ve davranışlarının daha da geliştirilmesi gerektiği söylenebilir.Öğe The factors associated to justify the physical partner violence among married women in Turkey(Addis Ababa Univ, Dept Community Health, 2020) Inal, Ebru; Ahmed, Fahad; Erbaydar, Nuket PaksoyBackground: Gender-based violence is widespread in Turkey, and the internalization of patriarchal values is an important barrier for women to develop resistance to such violence. Aims: This study aims to assess the attitudes of married women in Turkey towards the justification of physical partner violence, and to examine the predictors for justifying such violence so that ways of resisting it can be identified. Methods: The data for the study was taken from the 2013 Turkish Demographic and Health Survey. A sub-sample of 6,655 married women of reproductive age were included in the analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis was carried out. Results: In this cross-sectional study, women with no formal education and women who had completed the primary level of education only were more likely to justify the use of physical violence against them (OR = 4.04, 95% CI = 1.96-8.36 and OR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.24-4.79, respectively) compared to higher educated women. Women who had three or more children were more likely to justify the use of physical violence compared to women with two or fewer children (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.10-1.56). Women who did not use the internet were 1.67 times more likely to justify the use of physical violence compared to women who use the internet (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.27-2.20). Discussion and conclusions: Although women who had fewer children, women who lived in an urban setting, and women in wealthy households justify partner physical violence less than women with more children, women living in a rural setting and women in poor households, the education, and profession of women's partners are critical factors, too. Education and internet access for women are crucial ways of developing strategies to resist partner violence. Such access helps to involve women in the public sphere, assists in the development of internet literacy, can change their way of thinking about violence, and open up the development of resistance strategies.
