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Öğe Grain size-induced changes in carbon and nitrogen concentrations and characteristics of tomato harvest residue biochar(Springer, 2020) Ilay, R.; Kavdir, Y.; Memici, M.; Ekinci, K.The production of biochar is one of the new methods used in the recycling of organic wastes. The use of biochar may increase carbon storage in the soil for longer periods of time. In this study, carbon and nitrogen contents of different sizes of tomato harvest residue biochar (TB) produced at different temperatures and holding times were determined. TB produced at five different temperatures (300, 400, 500, 600, 700 degrees C) and three different durations (20, 40, and 80 min) was divided into three different grain size classes (< 0.5, 0.5-2, and 2-4 mm). Total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents of each size class were examined. Production temperature significantly affected N contents of TB (p < 0.05) while changes in the C contents due to temperature were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). On the other hand, effect of TB size on C and N contents was statistically significant (p < 0.05). As TB grain size increases, BET surface area and total pore volume increased, while average pore radius decreased. The larger size of biochar (2-4 mm) demonstrated highly porous and honey-combed structures and contained both micro- and mesopores, which create a high specific surface area. It was suggested that the properties of biochar produced under the same conditions may vary according to their size and different sizes of biochar may be preferred according to the intended use.Öğe Monitoring composting process of olive oil solid waste using FT-NIR spectroscopy(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2020) Kavdir, Y.; Ilay, R.; Camci Cetin, S.; Buyukcan, M. B.; Kavdir, I.FT-NIR (Fourier Transform-Near Infrared) spectroscopy has been used for the prediction of properties of various materials. Olive oil solid waste compost (OSWC) can be a good and available source for soil organic matter in Mediterranean countries. This study was aimed at developing a fast and nondestructive method for determining compost carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio, total nitrogen (TN), inorganic nitrogen, total carbon (C), pH and electrical conductivity (EC) using FT-NIR spectroscopy. Composts were sampled weekly and some chemical analyses were performed on the samples using standard methods. Also, reflectance spectra of the same compost were acquired using FT-NIR spectroscopy right after the standard measurements. Organic matter functional groups of OSW and OSWC were compared using C-13-NMR spectroscopy. Calibration models between the standard measurements and the spectral measurements performed on samples were established applying Partial Least Squares (PLS) method. According to prediction models following determination coefficients (R-2) of 0.86, 0.82, 0.81, 0.77, 0.75, 0.65 and 0.51 were obtained respectively for nitrate (NO3-), pH, ammonium (NH4+), total N, C/N ratio, total C and EC. With this study, it was shown that FT-NIR spectroscopy has the potential of sensing OSWC parameters nondestructively.Öğe Removal of metals and metalloids from acidic mining lake (AML) using olive oil solid waste (OSW)(Springer, 2019) Ilay, R.; Baba, A.; Kavdir, Y.The acidic mining lakes have low pH values and high metal and metalloid concentrations. In this study, the ability of low-cost olive oil solid waste (OSW) to remove Al, As, Cd, Fe, B and Ti ions from aqueous solutions in short term has been evaluated. Adsorption capacities (mgg(-1)) of OSW (1:5-1:10w/v) were 764.06-411.75 for Al, 0.26 for As, 0.07-0.14 for Cd, 2181.5-2406.5 for Fe, 23.70-82.50 for B and 0.12-0.0.34 for Ti. OSW addition increased acidic mine water (AMW) pH from 2.41 to 3.2 with 1:5 and from 2.41 to 2.7 to 1:10 mixing ratio, respectively, after 10min. The best gradual decrease has been observed with different ratio of OSW applications on B and Ti concentrations. OSW adsorbs 32.41% and 62.68% of B at the ratio of 1:5 and 1:10 and 55.29% and 83.04% of Ti at the ratio of 1:5 and 1:10 (OSW:AMW) mixtures, respectively. The results show that OSW has great potential for metal removal from acidic mine water.Öğe Using Chlorophyll Meter to Predict Sunflower Nitrogen Content after Olive Solid Waste Applications(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2009) Kavdir, Y.; Ilay, R.; Turhan, H.; Genc, L.; Kavdir, I.; Sumer, A.Chlorophyll index is an instantaneous measurement of leaf greenness without the destruction of the plant and a new tool to determine plant nitrogen content and associated yield. A pot experiment was conducted under controlled conditions. Olive solid wastes were mixed with soil at the rates of 0, 3, 5 and 7% with and without additional nitrogen and phosphorous sources. Sunflower was grown in pots for two months. Plant length, leaf number, stem thickness, and chlorophyll meter readings were performed weekly. Plant nitrogen contents and plant weights were determined at harvest. Chlorophyll index and plant nitrogen contents were significantly related (r(2) = 0.86) at the V12 stage. The correlations between chlorophyll meter reading and plant biomass was 0.87 while plant N and plant biomass was 0.96. On the other hand, chlorophyll meter estimation of plant N contents in early stages (V2 and V4) of sunflower growth was not statistically significant. Additions of olive solid waste in the soil reduced chlorophyll meter readings and sunflower biomass.
