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    Aquaculture in Çanakkale : Current Status and Future Perspectives
    (Kastamonu University, 2025) Yılmaz, Ebru; Harmantepe, Fatma Burcu
    This study was conducted to examine the current status of aquaculture in Çanakkale province and to offer solutions that will contribute to the sector's development. The study involved a detailed analysis of the aquaculture enterprises in Çanakkale and the data related to these enterprises. The province's current aquaculture structure and potential were highlighted, drawing attention to the diversity in aquaculture production and the opportunities available in the region. The study revealed that there are a total of 18 aquaculture facilities in Çanakkale. Of these, 41.2% are involved in mussel farming, 23.5% in trout farming, 23.5% in carp farming, 5.9% in lugworm farming, and 5.9% in the cultivation of seabass, gilthead seabream, turbot, and grouper. The highest production by species occurs in mussel farming, while lugworm and marine fish farming remain at the lowest levels. In 2023, a total of 581.92 tons of aquatic products were produced in Çanakkale, with 292.76 tons coming from inland waters and 289.16 tons from marine waters. However, it was determined that the share allocated to the sector in the support payments made in the same year was 5.61%. It has been determined that global climate change and the accompanying drought threaten the freshwater resources in Çanakkale province, and the marine ecosystem is also affected by the mucilage phenomenon due to the increase in water temperature and organic pollution load. These problems experienced in water resources cause production losses in the aquaculture sector. The sustainable development of the aquaculture sector in Çanakkale, which also has a wide range in terms of cultivated species, requires a multidisciplinary approach and planning using advanced technology tools. It is anticipated that such an approach will provide significant increases in aquaculture production
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    Effects of dietary lipid levels on growth performance and feed utilization in juvenile Black Sea turbot (Psetta maxima) with reference to nitrogen excretion
    (Adem Yavuz SÖNMEZ, 2014) Harmantepe, Fatma Burcu; Yigit, Murat; Dogan, Gaye; Karsli, Zafer; Yigit, Umut; Uyan, Orhan
    In the present study, iso-nitrogenous test diets were formulated to contain two different levels of lipid (9% and 12%) with dietary energy ranging from 19 kJ/g to 20 kJ/g diet. White fish meal was the main protein source of the diet and the protein level was 55% in all diets offered to triplicate groups of juvenile Black Sea turbot (mean initial weight of 24.5±0.3 g) for a period of 70 days. Specific growth rates were significantly better (P < 0.05) in high lipid diet group compared to the groups fed low lipid diets. Feed conversion rates (FCR) were influenced by the lipid levels and the best FCR was obtained in fish given the diet with high lipid content. Similarly, protein efficiency was also significantly better (P < 0.05) in fish fed diets with high lipid level. The better utilization of protein in the diet with high lipid content resulted in a significantly higher (P < 0.05) nitrogen retention as percent of intake when compared to the other group with lower lipid level. The amount of nitrogen loss into the water environment was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) to the same extent in the group fed diets with high lipid level. The lipid retention values calculated based on the intake rates were also better in the high lipid diets compared to the other group with low lipid level, however the difference was not significant (P > 0.05) among the experimental groups. The results in the present study indicate that the use of high lipid level with a protein to energy ratio of 27 mg/kJ (12% lipid, 55% protein, 20 kJ/g gross energy) performed best. Increasing the dietary lipid to 20 kJ/g diet has reduced the total nitrogen excretion from Black Sea turbot by 23%.
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    Öğe
    Effects of supplementing the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diet with Spirulina and Chlorella on the tissue's cadmium detoxification capacity, growth performance, fatty acid composition, antioxidant defense system and liver histology
    (Elsevier, 2025) Harmantepe, Fatma Burcu; Gündoğdu, Ayşe; Karslı, Zafer; Sağır, Dilek
    This study aimed to determine the effects of the addition of Spirulina and Chlorella of the diets of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on their growth, nutrient composition, the parameters of their antioxidant defense systems, liver histology, and the cadmium removal process of their tissues. Fish with an average weight of 84.25 +/- 3.55 g containing Cd in their tissues were distributed in 15 tanks with 18 fish per tank. The fish were fed diets consisting of 0% (Control-1), 0% (Control-2), 4% Chlorella, 4% Spirulina and Chlorella +2% Spirulina twice a day until they were satiated for a period of 80 days. At the conclusion of the experiment, it was determined that diets containing microalgae demonstrated increased growth rates, and that the growth values obtained from the 4% Spirulina and the Control-1 were similar (p > 0.05). Regarding the fatty acid content, with the addition of microalgae to the diet, a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in SFA values and a significant (p < 0.05) increase in PUFA values were observed compared to the groups Control-1 and Control-2. On days 40 and 80, Cd levels in the muscle and liver tissue of the fish were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the groups that were fed diets containing microalgae in comparison with the Control-2 group. On days 40 and 80, the SOD, CAT, GSH, GST, and GPx values of liver tissues were higher (p < 0.05) than those of the Control-2 group. As a result of the semiquantitative histopathological evaluation of the liver tissues, improvements were observed in all groups containing microalgae; however, the most remarkable improvement was achieved in the Spirulina group. The results obtained in the study revealed that the addition of microalgae to rainbow trout feed removed Cd from liver and muscle tissues, reinforced the antioxidant defense system parameters, and increased growth. However, when the groups containing microalgae were compared among themselves, the diets containing 4 % Spirulina and 2 % Chlorella +2 % Spirulina were found to be more effective on these parameters.
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    Öğe
    Kanola unu içeren Japon balığı (Carrasius auratus) yemlerine spirulina ilavesinin büyüme performansı, besin maddesi sindirimi ve sindirim enzimleri aktivitesi üzerine etkisi
    (Kastamonu University, 2024) Harmantepe, Fatma Burcu; Yılmaz, Ebru
    Bu çalışmanın amacı canola unu içeren yavru Japon balığı (Carrasius auratus) diyetlerine ilave edilen spirulinanın büyüme, yemden yararlanma, besin maddesi sindirebilirliği ve bağırsak sindirim enzim aktivitesi üzerine etkisini belirlemektir. 4 grup 3 tekerrür olarak planlanan denemede ortalama ağırlığı 2.3 ±0.9 g olan balıklar, 60 litre kapasiteli (60x30x35) 12 adet cam akvaryuma her bir akvaryuma 20 adet balık olacak şekilde yerleştirildi. Diyetler %30 oranında Canola meal içerecek şekilde hazırlandı. Kontrol diyeti dışındaki diyetlere sırası ile %10, %20 ve %30 oranında spirulina ilave edildi. Balıklar 7 hafta boyunca doyuncaya kadar günde iki kez yemlendi. Deneme sonunda spirulina içeren diyetlerin balığın büyümesini önemli (p < 0.05) ölçüde arttırdığı tespit edildi. En iyi FCR değeri %30 oranında spirulina içeren gruptan elde edildi. Kontrol grubuna kıyasla spirulina içeren diyetlerle yemlenen gruplarda besin maddesi sindirilenilirliğinin (kuru madde, protein, lipid) önemli ölçüde (p < 0.05) arttığı ve benzer olarak bağırsaklardaki sindirim enzimlerinden lipaz enziminin aktivitesini arttırdığı (p < 0.05) tespit edildi. Proteaz enzim aktivitesinde artış tespit edilirken gruplar arasında önemli bir fark olmadığı (p > 0.05) saptandı. Sonuçlar %30 oranında canola unu içeren diyetlere spirulina ilave etmenin canola unu varlığı ile azalan besin madde sindirilebilirliğini ve sindirim enzim aktivitesini arttırarak balığın büyümesini arttırdığını ortaya koydu. Kanola unu ile birlikte spirulina ilave edilen gruplar kendi aralarında karşılaştırıldığında %30 spirulina ilave etmenin bu parametreler üzerinde daha etkili olduğunu gösterdi
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    The Effect of Fishmeal Source and Lipid Ratio on Growth and Nutrient Composition of Juvenile Turbot (Psetta maxima)
    (Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, 2023) Harmantepe, Fatma Burcu; Büyükhatipoğlu, Şevket
    The study investigated how the sources of fish meal and the amount of lipids in the diets of juvenile turbot (Psetta maxima) affected growth, feed utilization, body composition, and nutrient balance. The fish were fed with feed produced using two different fish meals for 50 days: white fish meal (WFM) from Alaska cod, Gadus chalcogrammus and brown fish meal (BFM) from Black Sea anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus. The diets prepared as BFM-HL (Brown fish meal- high lipid), BFM-LL (Brown fish meal- low lipid), WFM-HL (Whitefish meal-high lipid), WFM LL (Whitefish meal-low lipid) contained 53% protein and 10–14% lipid. Fish meal sources and lipid levels had a substantial (P< 0.05) impact on final weight, specific growth rate (SGR), daily feed intake (FI), feed conversion rate (FCR), protein efficiency rate (PER), nitrogen intake, gain, and loss, and lipid intake, gain, and retention. WFM-HL fed fish showed the best SGR, FCR, and PER results. When compared to the other diets, the WFM-HL diet's better protein utilization led to a considerably higher (P< 0.05) nitrogen retention. The fish-fed WFM-HL and BFM-HL diets had higher lipid retention values. Protein, lipid, and ash levels in the whole fish body were significantly (P< 0.05) influenced by the dietary fish meal source and lipid level. Compared to diets containing BFM, the results suggested that employing WFM in diet would be more promising in terms of higher growth performance and nutrient utilization. Also, with regard to experimental design, dietary lipid levels of 14% could result in greater growth than the diet containing 10% lipid, regardless of fish meal sources and levels
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    Öğe
    The effects of dietary cadmium on growth, antioxidant defence system and feed evaluation performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
    (2024) Gündoğdu, Ayşe; Harmantepe, Fatma Burcu
    The present study was carried out to determine the effect of dietary cadmium exposure on growth performance, changes in manganese, zinc, copper, calcium, magnesium, iron, selenium, and cad- mium metals in liver and muscle tissue, liver antioxidant enzymes, and the histology of the fish. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with weights of 39.45 ±1.13 g was used in the experiment conducted in 2 groups and three replicates. The Control group was fed a cadmium-free diet, and the Cadmium group was fed a diet containing 5.03 ?g/kg of cadmium twice a day until satiation. It was determined that cadmium intake through the diet affected growth rate and the feed evalua- tion performance negatively. In fish exposed to cadmium, manganese, zinc, copper, calcium, mag- nesium, iron, selenium, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase values in both muscle and liver tissues were significantly (p<0.05) decreased, whereas cadmium levels in muscle and liver and malondialdehyde levels in liver were significantly (p<0.05) increased. The histo- pathological examination of the liver revealed that cadmium caused liver damage. These results showed that rainbow trout exposed to dietary cadmium were highly sensitive to the metal, and the decreased levels of metals such as copper, zinc, manganese, and selenium in the liver tissue, which are involved in the antioxidant defence system, can be considered an indicator of the weakening of the antioxidant defence system.