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    Combined effects of high voltage gradient and electrolyte conditioning on electrokinetic remediation for chromium (VI)-contaminated soils
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Taneja, Sonam; Karaca, Öznur; Haritash, A. K.
    Disposal of chromium-containing industrial waste has led to soil contamination at dispersed locations around the globe. Considering the carcinogenic, non-biodegradable, and bioaccumulating nature of hexavalent chromium Cr (VI), it is per-tinent to treat the contaminated soils. Electrokinetic Remediation (EKR) is a promising technology to remediate metal-contaminated soils under the influence of an electric field. This study investigated the removal of Cr (VI) by EKR, enhanced with a combination of high voltage (50 V), electrolyte conditioning using EDTA (0.1 M), and type of electrode material. Under controlled conditions using distilled water, low voltage (20 V at 1 V/cm) resulted in 22% removal, while high volt-age (50 V at 2.5 V/cm) resulted in 55% removal of Cr (VI) in 10 h of treatment period. The removal was further enhanced to 77% by amending with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA 0.1 M) as an electrolyte at a high voltage gradient of 2.5 V/cm. Classifying the role of electrode (graphite and stainless steel), based on the removal efficiency and corrosion of electrodes, graphite resulted in higher removal compared to stainless steel but with a significantly higher corrosion effect. Characterization of soil after EKR experiments exhibited improved liquid and plastic limits, and insignificant difference in Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and other parameters related to soil health. Energy consumption and cost-estimation revealed that application of high voltage, along with conditioning of electrolyte with EDTA can significantly increase removal of Cr (VI) in short period of time in a cost-effective (0.8 US$/g) way, thereby can be applied for rapid treatment of large volumes of soil without affecting the properties of soil.
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    Soil Contamination in the Aftermath of Industrial Disasters: Risk Assessment and Crisis Management
    (Ios Press, 2024) Taneja, Sonam; Karaca, Oznur; Haritash, A. K.
    Industrialisation has brought numerous benefits to society, but it has also led to environmental challenges, including the risk of industrial disasters. Industrial disasters pose significant risks to environmental health, with soil contamination emerging as a prevalent consequence. The resultant contamination renders affected sites barren and unsuitable for reuse, necessitating the treatment of such sites post-disaster to restore soil functionality and ecosystem. In this context, the review proposes an appropriate approach to carry out risk assessment studies of contaminated sites and to discuss strategies for the post-disaster management of contaminated soil. The review delves into the policy and legislative landscape governing industrial disaster management in India to facilitate progress in the remedial direction.