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    Color intensity and growth performance of common clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris) enhanced by dietary Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis)
    (Springer, 2022) Guroy, Derya; Karadal, Onur; Mantoglu, Serhan; Kusku, Halit; Guroy, Betul
    In this study, the effect of dietary Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) on color intensity, growth performance, total ammonia-nitrogen excretion (TAN), and profitability of common clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris) was investigated. Three isoproteic (46%) and isolipidic (13%) diets were formulated as one control (C) and two different levels (15 and 30%) of Spirulina (SP15 and SP30) substituted for fish meal and cornmeal. Ten clownfish (initial body weight of 0.55 +/- 0.04 g) per aquarium were distributed to nine glass aquariums (60 L) with three replicates. Fish were hand-fed a day to the satiation thrice. Clownfish were weighed in bulk, and the photographs were taken biweekly during the 12-week experiment. The determined regions of the images were standardized with a raster graphics editor and recorded the color parameters by considering both CMYK (cyan magenta yellow key) and RGB (red green blue) models. After the feeding trial, fish were starved for 3 days, and the total ammonia-nitrogen (TAN) was analyzed with the ammonia salicylate method on the next day for 12 h. At the end of the trial, the final mean weights (FMW) and specific growth rates (SGR) of SP15 (FMW: 1.95 +/- 0.18 g, SGR: 1.75 +/- 0.04%/day) and SP30 (FMW: 2.05 +/- 0.14 g, SGR: 1.81 +/- 0.05%/day) were significantly higher than the C (FMW: 1.68 +/- 0.12 g, SGR: 1.58 +/- 0.06%/day) group (P < 0.05). Both color models have proved the enhancement of the skin coloration (significant improvements were recorded in the colors, including red, green, magenta, and key, P < 0.05). Also, it was determined that the TAN was decreased with the increase of the Spirulina level (29.8, 22.9, and 17.6 mg-N/100 g fish/12 h for C, SP15, and SP30, respectively) in the diet (P < 0.05). However, a high level of Spirulina in the diet negatively affected profitability. Consequently, common clownfish's growth, color, and TAN improved with the dietary Spirulina. Considering that Spirulina is an expensive raw material, adding it into the diet at medium levels (15%) is recommended.
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    Effect of autoclaved Ulva meal on growth performance, nutrient utilization and fatty acid profile of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss
    (Springer, 2013) Guroy, Betul; Ergün, Sebahattin; Merrifield, Daniel L.; Guroy, Derya
    A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of the dietary incorporation of autoclaved and raw (non-autoclaved) Ulva meal on juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth, nutrient utilization, body composition, diet digestibility and fatty acid composition. An algae-free control diet and four experimental diets with either 5 or 10 % inclusion levels of raw Ulva meal (5 % = RU5; 10 % = RU10) or autoclaved Ulva meal (5 % = AU5; 10 % = AU10) were formulated. Fish were fed three times daily to apparent satiation for 12 weeks. The growth of fish fed RU10 (final weight = 76.7 +/- A 3.31 g; SGR = 2.8 +/- A 0.05 %) diet was significantly higher than that in fish fed the AU10 diet (67.5 +/- A 1.61 g; SGR = 2.6 +/- A 0.03 %). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly better in fish fed the RU10 diet (0.9 +/- A 0.06) compared with control diet (1.0 +/- A 0.06). Condition factor, viscerosomatic index and dress-out remained unaffected by dietary treatment. The hepatosomatic index (HSI) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in fish fed the AU10 diet (1.2 +/- A 0.19) than fish fed the other diets (a parts per thousand yen1.6). The level of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3-EPA) in muscle from fish fed the RU10, AU5 and AU10 diets was significantly higher than in fish fed control diet (P < 0.05). Dietary inclusion of Ulva meals resulted in a significant increase in muscle docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3-DPA) levels at the end of the feeding period. The results indicate that the dietary inclusion of raw Ulva meal at levels of up to 10 % can be used without significant negative effects on the growth performance, nutrient utilization, dietary digestibility and muscle fatty acid composition. In fact, the inclusion of dietary raw and autoclaved Ulva meal elevated n-3 fatty acids levels of rainbow trout muscle.
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    Effect of Dietary Protein Level on Growth Performance and Nitrogen Excretion of the Yellow Tail Cichlid, Pseudotropheus acei
    (Israeli Journal Of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh, 2012) Guroy, Derya; Sahin, Izzet; Guroy, Betul; Altin, Aytac; Merrifield, Daniel Lee
    A 12-week growth trial was conducted to determine the effects of dietary protein on the growth of the yellow tail cichlid, Pseudotropheus acei, and on water quality in closed recirculating systems. Six test diets were formulated to contain protein levels ranging 25-50% by substituting corn oil and alpha-starch for fishmeal. Diets were assigned to triplicate groups of 10 fish in a completely randomized design. The feed conversion ratios of fish fed the 35% and 50% crude protein diets were significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of fish fed the 30% protein diet. The protein efficiency ratio declined as the dietary protein level increased. Dietary protein levels significantly influenced total ammonia-nitrogen excretion (TAN); fish fed 50% protein excreted higher concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen than fish fed 25-35% dietary protein (p<0.05). Results suggest that inclusion of more than 35% protein in diets containing 10% crude lipid does not benefit juvenile yellow tail growth performance. Further, as TAN excretion and feed costs increased at protein levels beyond 35%, we recommend a diet containing 35% protein and 10% lipid for promoting good growth of juvenile yellow tail cichlids under the conditions used in the present trial.
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    Effects of dietary marine sulphated polysaccharides (Algimun®) on growth performance, immune responses and disease resistance of juvenile gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) to Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida
    (Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Guroy, Derya; Guroy, Betul; Bilen, Soner; Terzi, Ertugrul; Kenanoglu, Osman Nezih; Garcia-Suarez, Maria; Marzin, Daniele
    The present study evaluated the effects of a dietary mix of marine sulphated polysaccharides, named Algimun (R) (AL), supplementation to gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles in terms of growth performance, immune responses, and resistance against Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida. A total of 240 fish (initial mean weight of 6.00 +/- 0.03 g) was randomly separated into 12 tanks (400 L, 20 fish per tank) distributed in four replicates. Fish were fed three experimental diets: a basal diet (Control), and a basal diet with two inclusion rates of Algimun (R) as 3 g/kg (AL0.3) and 5 g/kg (AL0.5) for 30 days before bacterial infection with P. damselae subsp. piscicida. After a 30-day feeding-period, growth performance was significantly improved in AL0.3 and AL0.5 groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). AL0.3 and AL0.5 groups showed significantly higher lysozyme activity and myelopemxidase activity when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The gene expression of immune mediators (IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, TNF-alpha and COX-2) was significantly upregulated in the intestine, spleen and head kidney in AL0.3 and AL0.5 groups when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Eight days post-challenge, the survival rate against P. damselae subsp. piscicida was numerically higher in fish within AL0.3 and AL0.5 groups compared to control (+20%). The study findings suggest that marine sulphated polysaccharides (Algimun (R)) could be used as an immunomodulator in gilthead seabream to support animal's health and boost resistance in case of disease outbreak.
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    Effects of Ulva Meal on Growth Performance of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) at Different Levels of Dietary Lipid
    (Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2013) Emre, Yilmaz; Ergün, Sebahattin; Kurtoglu, Adem; Guroy, Betul; Guroy, Derya
    A nutrition trial was carried out to investigate the effects of inclusion of Ulva meal at different dietary lipid levels on growth performance, feed utilization and body composition of juvenile gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata. In this study, gilthead seabream with an average weight of 8.5 +/- 0.01 g were fed experimental diets for 7 weeks. The Eight isonitrogenous diets (crude protein 50%) were designed to provide 13% (13), 16% (16), 19% (19) and 22% (22) crude lipid with or without 4% inclusion of Ulva meal (13U, 16U, 19U and 22U). Final mean weight and specific growth rate (SGR) of gilthead seabream fed 22L-U were higher than that of 13L and 13L-U groups. The mean feed conversion ratio varied from 0.92 (22L-U) and 1.33 (13L and 13L-U). The present study shows that dietary low level (4%) Ulva meal at all dietary lipid levels could be used in juvenile gilthead seabream without causing any adverse effects on growth and feed utilization.
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    Impacts of Urban Noise and Musical Stimuli on Growth Performance and Feed Utilization of Koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) in Recirculating Water Conditions
    (Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2019) Kusku, Halit; Ergün, Sebahattin; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Guroy, Betul; Yigit, Murat
    In the present study, effects of underwater sound transmission on growth, feed utilization and behavior of Koi fish (Cyprinus carpio, initial weight 3.67 +/- 0.18 g) was investigated via exposure to Urban Noise, Silk Road, Sufi Ney, and a Quran performance. Underwater sound transmissions were performed daily with playbacks between 08:00-08.30, 12:30-13:00, and 17:00-17:30 hours, throughout the feeding trial for a period of 90 days in a recirculating aquaculture system. An experimental group without any sound served as control. Results showed that musical stimuli tested in this study positively influenced fish growth and feed efficiency. Experimental fish presented slow growth performance during the first period however the disturbed swimming behavior of fish scattering in the tanks changed to a more regular swimming and improved growth thereafter, an indication of lower stress condition or acclimatization of fish to sounds. As a result, fish growths and feed efficiencies were influenced by musical stimuli with remarkably higher rates in the Quran performance and instrumental Sufi Ney treatments, compared to the Silk Road or the control group. Urban noise presented adverse effect on fish growth and feed efficiency. Hence, musical stimuli could be considered as a growth promoting factor ensuring fish welfare in intensive aquaculture facilities.
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    Optimum Dietary Protein Level for Blue Streak Hap, Labidochromis caeruleus
    (Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2010) Ergün, Sebahattin; Guroy, Derya; Tekesoglu, Haluk; Guroy, Betul; Celik, Ihsan; Tekinay, A. Adem; Bulut, Musa
    An experiment was designed to determine the optimum dietary protein level of a freshwater ornamental fish, Blue streak hap (Labidochromis caeruleus). Four isocaloric fish meal based diets ranging from 30% to 45% in protein were fed to triplicate groups of Blue streak hap for 8 weeks. Fish (initial weight, 0.85 g) were reared in twelve 50 L aquarium with biological filter and controlled temperature (27.5 degrees C), in stocking density of ten fish/aquarium. Results showed that dietary protein level significantly influenced final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate of fish. Maximum growth of fish was observed in the 40% protein diet, although this was not significantly different from the 35% and 45% protein diets (P > 0.05). Specific growth rate and feed efficiency increased from 30% to 40% protein, and thereafter decreased for diet 45% protein. There were statistically significantly differences in feed intake among treatments (P < 0.05). Fish fed with the highest protein diet had lower percentage daily feed consumption values than those of fish fed with the lowest protein diet. Under the experimental conditions applied, juvenile blue streak hap, L. Caeruleus, appear to require more than 35% dietary protein for optimized growth.
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    Replacement of fishmeal with rice protein concentrate in practical diets for European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax reared at winter temperatures
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2013) Guroy, Derya; Sahin, Izzet; Guroy, Betul; Merrifield, Daniel L.; Bulut, Musa; Tekinay, Ahmet Adem
    As no information is available regarding the efficacy of using rice protein concentrate (RPC) to replace fishmeal (FM) in diets for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), a trial was conducted to determine the optimum inclusion for European sea bass juveniles. Diets were formulated to replace 25%, 50% and 75% of fishmeal with RPC. Additional high level inclusion diets (50% and 75%) were supplemented with lysine and methionine to determine if these were limiting factors. Fish (18.0 +/- 0.06g) were fed the experimental diets for 12weeks. The final mean weight and specific growth rate (SGR) were significantly higher in fish fed the control diet (diet FM) and low level RPC (diet RPC25) than in fish fed the other diets. The supplementation of the amino acids had a positive effect on growth, elevating the final weight of the high level RPC (RPC75+AA) group above that of the non-supplemented group (RPC75). However, this was still not comparable to fish fed FM and RPC25 diets. No significant differences in body composition were observed. A digestibility study demonstrated an inverse relationship between elevating inclusion levels of RPC and apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) for dry matter and lipid, with significantly lower values than the control being observed with RPC inclusions above 25%. The mesenteric fat index followed this trend. Circulating leucocyte levels, leucocyte ratios and serum lysozyme activity remained unaffected by dietary treatment. However, compared with the control group, fish fed RPC75, RPC50+AA RPC75+AA displayed significantly lower haematocrit values. The present study demonstrates that the inclusion of RPC at 140gkg1 (effectively replacing 25% of FM content) does not compromise European sea bass growth performance, body quality or basic haematological parameters. It is suggested that future studies including higher levels test the efficacy of additional amino acid supplementation (e.g. tryptophan).