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    Rhythms of serum melatonin in rats with acute spinal cord injury at the cervical and thoracic regions
    (Nature Publishing Group, 2010) Gezici, A. R.; Karakas, A.; Ergun, R.; Gunduz, B.
    Objective: To evaluate the serum melatonin levels in acute period of the spinal cord injury (SCI) caused by trauma in the rats. Background: Traumatic SCI induces many types of physiological and pathological damage, including hormonal level variations. Methods: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into four groups. In the control group, neither laminectomy nor SCI were performed; only a large laminectomy was performed without SCI in the sham group. In the cervical and thoracic spinal trauma groups, laminectomies at C5-6 and a T6-7 were performed, respectively, followed by clip compression of the spinal cord. Blood samples were drawn 2, 6, 12 and 24 h after the procedures and assayed immediately. Results: The levels of melatonin in the neurotrauma groups were high in the first 2 h, but at the end of sixth hour, melatonin levels increased in sham-operated group, decreased in neurotrauma groups and did not change in control group. At the 12th hour, melatonin levels continued to decrease in thoracic group significantly. At the 24th hour, the melatonin levels decreased in the cervical, control and sham groups, whereas melatonin levels increased in the thoracic group. Conclusions: The present study revealed that (1) activation of endogen melatonin secretion of the organism starts immediately after the SCI, but it shows a great lowering trend between 2 and 6h post-SCI, (2) the tetraplegic rats, which had complete injuries at the lower cervical spinal cord, could not produce enough melatonin secretion; on the contrary, the paraplegic rats, which had complete injury at the upper thoracic spinal cord, showed normal melatonin secretion. Spinal Cord (2010) 48, 10-14; doi:10.1038/sc.2009.73; published online 23 June 2009
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    THE EFFECT OF PINEALECTOMY, MELATONIN AND LEPTIN HORMONES ON OVARIAN FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT IN FEMALE SYRIAN HAMSTERS (MESOCRICETUS AURATUS)
    (Akademiai Kiado Zrt, 2010) Karakas, A.; Kaya, Aliye; Gunduz, B.
    We studied the effects of melatonin and leptin hormones on ovarian follicular development in intact and pinealectomized female Syrian hamsters. We first monitored the oestrous cycle of the hamsters by the vaginal smear samples throughout a ten day period to start the injections simultaneously in all groups and performed saline, melatonin and leptin hormone injection groups for both control and pinealectomized hamsters. Then the injections were applied for four days starting the oestrus phase of the cycle and the ovaries were removed for preparation of histological analysis. We measured the diameters and the numbers of the follicles and we classified the follicles according to the number of the granulosa cell layer. Leptin hormone injection increased melatonin hormone injection decreased the number and the diameter of the follicles. The stimulating effect of the leptin hormone was more pronounced in the pinealectomized group. The results of the present study indicate that the removal of the pineal gland and leptin hormone administration are playing a stimulatory while melatonin hormone administration is playing an inhibitory role on the follicular development in female Syrian hamsters.