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Öğe According to Canonical Correlation, the Evaluation of Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) Blood Chemistry(Medwell Online, 2010) Bulut, Musa; Gultepe, Nejdet; Mendes, Mehmet; Guroy, Derya; Palaz, MustafaBlood chemistry parameters can provide essential information on the physiological status of the animal and therefore allow accurate evaluations of the general health status. Canonical correlation analysis is a fundamental statistical tool. The goal of canonical correlation analysis is to evaluate the relative contribution of each variable to the derived canonical functions in order to explain nature of the relationships. CCA was used to determining, whether the blood protein parameters are related in any way to the blood lipids, enzymes, minerals. However, a linear association between predictor variables (blood proteins) and dependent variables (lipids, enzymes and minerals) were determining. These analyses results shown that canonical correlation analysis can be using prediction of relationships from blood proteins with other blood chemistry parameters.Öğe Changes in liver and kidney antioxidant enzyme activities in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss) exposed cadmium(Chemical Publishing Co., 2009) Hisar, Olcay; Yildirim, Sükrü; Sönmez, Adem Yavuz; Aras, Hatice Nur; Gultepe, NejdetIn vivo effects of cadmium on antioxidant enzymes such as super- oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GSR) investigated in liver and kidney tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Three test groups of fish were subjected to cadmium in concentrations of 0 (control), 1 and 5 ppm. The duration of exposure was 1,3,5 and 7 d. The antioxidant enzyme activities, measured liver and kidney homogenates, were stimulated by both concentration (1 and 5 ppm) of cadmium chloride. Moreover, the dose-response patterns of the antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver and kidney tissue were very similar. All antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly stimulated on the first day of experiment (Day 1) in the tissues at the both dose of Cd (p < 0.05) while CAT activity was stimulated after 3 days in the tissues at a dose of 1 ppm Cd (p < 0.05). The stimulation effect of Cd on SOD, GPx and GSR activities in the tissues diminished after 7 d cadmium administration. However, this effect of Cd on CAT activity diminished after 5 d. These findings indicate that the tissue antioxidant enzymes function to protect against cadmium toxicity.Öğe Effects of dietary allspice, Pimenta dioica powder on physiological responses of Oreochromis mossambicus under low pH stress(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2015) Yılmaz, Sevdan; Acar, Umit; Kesbic, Osman Sabri; Gultepe, Nejdet; Ergün, SebahattinThis study investigated the effects of the supplementation with allspice (0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 g kg(-1)) on the haemato-immunological and biochemical variables in tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus under acidic stress condition. In a 60-day feeding trial, 15 aquariums (80-L) were stocked with 18 fish (20.05 +/- 0.10 g) each. Then, acidic stress was achieved by exposing the sampled fish to acidic water (pH 5.5) for 3 days. Allspice supplementation influenced the haematological indices, serum glucose, protein, globulin and innate immune parameters such as respiratory burst activity, lysozyme, and myeloperoxidase activities. In general, at acidic pH decreased circulating red blood cell numbers (RBC), increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and the innate immune parameters were observed. On the other hand, the inclusion of allspice prevented an increase in blood glucose MCV and MCH, decreases in albumin, RBC, lysozyme activity and respiratory burst avtivity. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that allspice supplementation at 10 g kg(-1) for 60 days, has adequate beneficial effects on improvement of haemato-immunological and biochemical status of O. mossambicus after stressful management.Öğe Effects of Dietary Tribulus terrestris Extract Supplementation on Growth, Feed Utilization, Hematological, Immunological, and Biochemical Variables of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus(Aquaculturehub Inc, 2014) Gultepe, Nejdet; Acar, Umit; Kesbic, Osman Sabri; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Yildirim, Onder; Turker, AliThe present study was conducted for 88 days to evaluate the effect of dietary Tribulus terrestris supplementation on growth performance, feed utilization, and hematological, immunological, and biochemical indices of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. A total of 144 Nile tilapia, average body weight 2.61 +/- 0.35 g, were divided into four experimental treatments. There were three replicates of each treatment. Four isonitrogenous (40% CP) and isolipidic (10% CL) experimental diets contained T. terrestris extract at levels of 0, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg respectively. Growth performance and feed utilization of Nile tilapia were significantly higher (p<0.05) in all treatment groups fed with T. terrestris extract supplemented diets than those fed the control diet. There were no significant differences between body composition of fish (p>0.05). Hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and myeloperoxidase variables were not significantly affected by herb extract (p>0.05). However, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) value and lysozyme activity increased with increasing T. terrestris extract (p<0.05). Serum albumin, total protein, and triglyceride levels were not affected by T. terrestris extract. Serum globulin and glucose levels increased and cholesterol levels decreased in Nile tilapia fed with herbal supplemented diets. The results of the present study suggest that Nile tilapia fed diets containing at least 400 mg/kg T. terrestris extract enhanced growth performance, feed utilization, hematological, immunological, and biochemical indices.Öğe Effects of herbs and spice on health status of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) challenged with Streptococcus iniae(Veterinarni A Farmaceuticka Univerzita Brno, 2014) Gultepe, Nejdet; Bilen, Soner; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Guroy, Derya; Aydin, SeyitEffects of different herbal extracts on the growth and immune defense of fish were researched in the last decade. The aim of this study was to determine the dietary effects of thyme (Thymus vulgaris), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) as a feed additive on haematology, innate immune response, and disease resistance of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). In total 228 healthy fish tilapia were divided into four groups (57 fish in one group) and fed diets supplemented with thyme, rosemary and fenugreek at levels of 1%, respectively; fish in the control group were fed diet without any spices. Fish were fed ad libitum three times a day for 45 days. All fish of the experimental groups significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced phagocytic activity, haematocrit, white blood cell, red blood cell, neutrophil and monocyte counts in blood. Significant (P < 0.05) increase of plasma myeloperoxidase and lysozyme activity was found in fish receiving a feed supplemented with fenugreek after 30 days. Respiratory burst activity was non-significantly (P > 0.05) changed during the whole experiment. After 45 days of feeding, fish were injected intraperitoneally with 100 mu l of Streptococcus iniae (8 x 10 colony forming unit). The cumulative mortality was 22%, 27% and 31% in fish receiving diets supplemented with 1% thyme, rosemary and fenugreek, respectively, compared to 61% mortality in the control group. The results indicate that all three supplements used improved the haematological status, non-specific immune response and disease resistance of tilapia against S. iniae; this is the first similar study.Öğe Evaluation of dietary protein and lipid requirements of two-banded seabream (Diplodus vulgaris) cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system(Springer, 2014) Bulut, Musa; Yigit, Murat; Ergün, Sebahattin; Kesbic, Osman Sabri; Acar, Umit; Gultepe, Nejdet; Karga, MustafaThe objective of this study is to investigate the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on the growth performance and bioeconomic benefits of two-banded seabream (Diplodus vulgaris) juveniles, a candidate species for aquaculture sector. Eight experimental diets were formulated with four protein (50, 45, 40 and 35 %) levels for each of the two lipid levels (15 and 10 %). Triplicate groups of juvenile fish with an average initial body weight of similar to 3.64 g were reared in a recirculating aquaculture system and hand fed twice a day until satiation for a period of 60 days. In the experiment, no difference in survival rate was found between the different groups. Relative growth rate (RGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and daily feed intake were not significantly affected by increasing protein and/or lipid treatments in this present study. However, the RGR, SGR and FCR values showed slightly better efficiency in the experimental group (35/15) fed with lower protein content (35 %) and higher lipid level (15 %) compared with those fed other diets. According to bioeconomic analyses results, the diet with the 35 % protein and 15 % lipid generated the best profit. The results suggest that two-banded seabream can be accepted as a promising alternative species for the aquaculture industry and optimum growth of two-banded seabream fingerlings can be obtained when they are fed a diet containing 35 % crude protein and 15 % crude lipid.Öğe Evaluation of the effects of essential oil extracted from sweet orange peel (Citrus sinensis) on growth rate of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and possible disease resistance against Streptococcus iniae(Elsevier, 2015) Acar, Umit; Kesbic, Osman Sabri; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Gultepe, Nejdet; Turker, AliThe study was performed to determine the effect of dietary essential oil (citrus EO) extracted from sweet orange peel (Citrus sinensis) on growth performance, blood parameters and resistance against the Streptococcus iniae in Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Fish were divided into 4 groups and fed for 90 days with four experimental diets (3 supplemented diets with 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% of citrus EO and a control group). Then the main immune parameters such as lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activity, hematological and biochemical variables (i.e., hemoglobin, hematocrit levels, erythrocyte indices, serum total protein, glucose, albumin, globulin, cholesterol and triglyceride) were investigated. Results of this study showed that for tilapia fed with citrus EO all parameters were significantly higher than the control group. Moreover, addition of citrus EO into diets reduced fish mortality after S. iniae infection. It can be concluded that citrus EO can act as a growth promoter, increase immunity and also improve disease resistance to S. iniae infection in tilapia. Thus it can be used as an antibiotics replacer for controlling diseases in tilapia feed. (C) 2014 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.Öğe Gibel Carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) Meal as an Alternative Major Protein in Feeds for Rainbow Trout Juveniles (Oncorhynchus mykiss)(Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2019) Acar, Umit; Kesbic, Osman Sabri; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Kesbic, Fevziye Isil; Gultepe, NejdetIn this study, the effects of gibel carp meal (GFM) application as a protein source on growth performance, fillet composition, feed digestion and haematological and serum biochemical indices of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were evaluated. Replacement of anchovy fish meal (AFM) with GFM was performed at 0%, 50% and 100% levels (GFM(0), GFM(50) and GFM(100)). After 60 days of feeding the best nutritional performance was obtained in the GFM(100) group. There was no significant difference in crude moisture, crude protein, crude lipid or crude ash contents in fish fillet between the GFM(0), GFM(50) and GFM(100) groups. No side effects were observed in hematological and serum biochemical indices of rainbow trout. Dry matter, crude protein and crude lipid digestibility coefficients did not differ significantly in experimental groups. As a conclusion, the results of the study suggested that the GFM could be used totally as a replacer of AFM in diets for rainbow trout without the adverse effects on growth performance, feed use, feed digestion, hematological and serum biochemical parameters of fish.Öğe Modeling and predicting meat yield and growth performance using morphological features of narrow-clawed crayfish with machine learning techniques(Nature Portfolio, 2024) Gultepe, Yasemin; Berber, Selcuk; Gultepe, NejdetIn recent studies, artificial intelligence and machine learning methods give higher accuracy than other prediction methods in large data sets with complex structures. Instead of statistical methods, artificial intelligence, and machine learning are used due to the difficulty of constructing mathematical models in multi-parameter and multivariate problems. In this study, predictions of length-weight relationships and meat productivity were generated by machine learning models using measurement data of male and female crayfish in the narrow-clawed crayfish population living in Apolyont Lake. The data set was created using the growth performance and morphometric characters from 1416 crayfish in different years to determine the length-weight relationship and length-meat yield. Statistical methods, artificial intelligence, and machine learning are used due to the difficulty of constructing mathematical models in multi-parameter and multivariate problems. The analysis results show that most models designed as an alternative to traditional estimation methods in future planning studies in sustainable fisheries, aquaculture, and natural sources management are valid for machine learning and artificial intelligence. Seven different machine learning algorithms were applied to the data set and the length-weight relationships and length-meat yields were evaluated for both male and female individuals. Support vector regression (SVR) has achieved the best prediction performance accuracy with 0.996 and 0.992 values for the length-weight of males and females, with 0.996 and 0.995 values for the length-meat yield of males and females. The results showed that the SVR outperforms the others for all scenarios regarding the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity metrics.Öğe Preliminary Assessment of Dietary Mannanoligosaccharides on Growth Performance and Health Status of Gilthead Seabream Sparus auratus(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2012) Gultepe, Nejdet; Hisar, Olcay; Salnur, Semih; Hossu, Belgin; Tanrikul, T. Tansel; Aydin, SeyitA feeding trial was performed to assess the potential beneficial effect of two levels of mannanoligosaccarides (MOS) on the growth performance, feed utilization, hematological parameters, and liver histopathology of gilthead seabream Sparus auratus (also known as gilthead bream). Mannanoligosaccarides were added at the rates of 2 and 4 g/kg to a fish-meal-based control diet, and each diet was given (twice daily [midmorning and midafternoon] to apparent satiation) to triplicate groups of gilthead seabream growers (mean weight = approximately 170 g) in sea cages. The trial lasted 12 weeks, and the average ambient water temperature ranged from 19.6 degrees C to 24.7 degrees C during the experimental period. At the end of the experiment, fish attained market size (350-450 g) and their health status was evaluated by blood analysis and liver histology. There were no differences in survival rates among fish fed experimental diets. However, there were significant improvements in both growth and feed utilization among fish fed diets supplemented with MOS. Hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Ht) levels and erythrocyte, leukocyte, and thrombocyte (Thr) counts were unaffected by any dietary MOS. The levels of Hb (g/dL; mean +/- SD) and Ht (%; mean +/- SD) were 11.0 +/- 2.5 and 45.6 +/- 6.7 for the control group, 11.1 +/- 1.7 and 39.3 +/- 8.0 for the 2-g/kg group, and 11.2 +/- 1.9 and 40.2 +/- 8.4 for the 4-g/kg group. The mean Thr count ranged from 47.6 to 53.8 x 10(3)/mm(3). Despite the apparently higher Thr counts for fish fed diets supplemented with MOS, these differences were not significant. Moreover, no histopathological differences were observed in liver tissue cross sections between control and treatment groups. These results suggest that supplementation of diets with MOS had no significant effects on general fish health.Öğe Pseudomonas elongata Infection in Scattered Mirror Carp (Cyprinus carpio): Bacteriology, Gross Pathology and Treatment(Medwell Online, 2009) Gultepe, Nejdet; Aydin, SeyitPseudomonas elongata was isolated from naturally infected scattered mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio) and its pathogenicity was tested by intramuscular injection. The infection caused mortality in scattered mirror carp with gross clinical abnormalities such as dark coloured of a location on body surface, cataract in eyes, haemorrhagic damage of liver, irrigation in kidney, anemia, swollen intestine, fins rot and hyperaemia in operculum and skin. Lethal Doses(50) (LD(50)) of Pseudomonas elongata was calculated 2.24 x 10(5). No significant difference was obtained among enumered of pathogenic bacteria isolated from gill, liver, kidney tissues and total pathogenic bacteria. Sensitivities of Pseudomonas elongata against 50 chemotherapeutants were tested. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of enrofloxacin and chloramine T to the isolate were calculated 5 mL L(-1) and 10 mg L(-1), respectively. Best treatment method was no mortality performed with orally enrofloxacin application and chloramine T bath.Öğe Replacement of Fish Meal by Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae): Effects on Digestibility and Blood Parameters for Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata)(Medwell Online, 2009) Salnur, Semih; Gultepe, Nejdet; Hossu, BelginA trial was conducted to test the effect of replacement of fishmeal by yeast, in isonitrogenous (48% CP) and isoenergetic (22 MJ kg(-1)) diets for gilthead sea bream (Spar-us aurata) with an initial average weight of 90 +/- 4 g. Diets were formulated to include 0% (control group), 10% (group I) and 20% (group II) from replacement of fish meal by yeast. Each diet was distributed by hand to satiation to triplicate groups of 25 fish per tank (1 m(3)) and the growth trial lasted 12 weeks. Fish were adapted to study tanks and fed with control diet for one week. Fecal collection was began in the second week and samples were stocked in deep freeze (-20 degrees C). Live weights of fish at the end of trial period were 140 +/- 11 g, 154 +/- 3 g and 157 +/- 8 for control group, group I and II, respectively. Growth rate and protein, lipid and cellulose digestibility were insignificant different among groups (p>0.01). Plasma glucose was found significant (p<0.01) but alkaline phosphates, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), serum protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, albumin, amylase, GOT and GPT were not significant (p>0.01).Öğe The sexually dimorphic adipose fin is an androgen target tissue in the brown trout (Salmo trutta fario)(Springer, 2013) Hisar, Olcay; Sonmez, Adem Yavuz; Hisar, Sukriye Aras; Budak, Harun; Gultepe, NejdetAn investigation has been described on the relationship of body length, age and sex with adipose fin length and the number of androgen receptor (AR)-containing cells in the adipose fin as a secondary sexual characteristic for brown trout (Salmo trutta fario). Firstly, body and adipose fin lengths of 2- to 5-year-old brown trout were measured. Thereafter, these fish were killed by decapitation, then their sexes were determined, and adipose fins were excised. The cellular bases of AR binding activities in the adipose fins were analyzed with an antibody against human/rat AR peptide. Immunocytochemistry and western blotting techniques were performed with this antibody. Analysis of morphological measurements indicated that body length and age had a linear relationship with adipose fin length. The coefficients of determination for the body length and age were 0.92 and 0.85 in the male fish and 0.76 and 0.73 in the female fish against the adipose fin length, respectively. At 2 years of age, cells in the adipose fin did not exhibit AR immunoreactivity. However, AR-immunopositive cells were abundant in the adipose fin of 3- to 5-year-old fish. Moreover, the number of AR-immunopositive cells was significantly (P < 0.05) high in males and increased with age. These observations indicate that the adipose fin in the brown trout is a probable target for androgen action and that tissue function or development may to some extent be androgen dependent. In addition, it is likely that such an effect will be mediated by specific androgen receptors.Öğe Unrefined Peanut Oil as a Lipid Source in Diets for Juveniles of Two-banded Seabream Diplodus vulgaris(Wiley, 2016) Kesbic, Osman Sabri; Acar, Umit; Yigit, Murat; Bulut, Musa; Gultepe, Nejdet; Yılmaz, SevdanA feeding study with Two-banded Seabream Diplodus vulgaris was conducted to determine the effects of replacement of fish oil (FO) by unrefined peanut oil (PO) on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition, fatty acid composition, and serum biochemical and hematological variables. Three isonitrogenous (35.8%) and isoenergetic (21.15 kJ/g) diets were formulated by replacing dietary FO with PO at levels of level 0%(PO0), 50% (PO50), or 100% (PO100). Fish were fed twice a day until satiation for an experimental period of 8 weeks. The best growth performance was observed in fish fed with the PO0 and PO50 diets. A significant increase was observed in hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume levels of fish fed with PO50 diet compared with the other groups. Hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, total protein, albumin, and globulin were not affected by dietary PO treatment and did not differ among experimental groups. The glucose level was highest in the PO100 group. Triglyceride and cholesterol levels were lower in fish fed diets with PO inclusions than in those fed the control diet. The fatty acid composition of fish was significantly affected by the experimental diets. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvictransaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase were not affected by dietary PO treatment. The n-3:n-6 ratio in fish fed the PO0 diet was also higher than in fish fed the PO-supplemented diets. The results of the present study showed that FO could be substituted by PO up to 50% in Two-banded Seabream diets without any negative effect on growth performance or serum biochemical and hematological features.
