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    Öğe
    Molecular systematics and phylogeography of Bufotes variabilis (syn. Pseudepidalea variabilis) (Pallas, 1769) in Turkey
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2014) Ozdemir, Nurhayat; Gul, Serkan; Poyarkov, Nikolay A., Jr.; Kutrup, Bilal; Tosunoğlu, Murat; Doglio, Stefano
    Although there have been several studies based on the molecular data of green toads, some ambiguities related to the systematics of these toads in Turkey still remain. Thus, we used combined mitochondrial genes (D-loop and 12S ribosomal RNA) to resolve these taxonomic problems. We also applied demographic analysis to elucidate the evolutionary history using these genes. We found 3 haplotype groups: 1 for Bufo viridis and 2 lineages for Bufotes variabilis, with only the latter represented in Turkey. This study showed a genetic diversity within Anatolian B. variabilis. Population genetic analysis of mismatch distributions, Tajima's D-statistic, and Fu's Fs test are consistent with a range expansion of the Bufotes variabilis group covering western Turkey. B. variabilis populations of lineage 1 and lineage 2, from western and eastern Anatolia respectively, are genetically identical. Mitochondrial DNA haplotype groups may reflect historical separation within B. variabilis. Our study indicated that allopatric distribution of B. variabilis within Anatolia occurred due to climatic shifts during the Pliocene. This study shows that Anatolia likely has served as a factor in vicariant species formation.
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    Öğe
    Variation in body size and age structure among three Turkish populations of the treefrog Hyla arborea
    (Brill, 2012) Ozdemir, Nurhayat; Altunisik, Abdullah; Ergul, Tugba; Gul, Serkan; Tosunoğlu, Murat; Cadeddu, Giorgia; Giacoma, Cristina
    To determine how climate factors influence age, body size and sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in the Mediterranean region, we generated data on age and body size of the European Treefrog, Hyla arborea, in three Turkish populations with a latitudinal gradient. We estimated age structure (total n = 154), using skeletochronology. Mean body size of both sexes was smaller in a southern population (Antalya) than in northern populations (Canakkale and Rize) with female-larger SSD in the northern populations. A positive correlation was found between age and body size in each sex of all the populations, save the Antalya females. Since amphibian growth is reduced after maturity but continues towards the asymptotic size, interpopulation size differences may partly be explained by differences in longevity with four years in Antalya and five years in the other two populations. Comparing age and body size in three Turkish populations with those in three different populations (Greece, Switzerland and Germany) from the literature, there was a trend of South-to-North increase in body size with increased latitude and decreased temperature and aridity. The same trend occurred also in age structure (e.g., age at maturity/first reproduction, longevity). These results suggest that a difference in age structure between populations is a main factor for the geographic variation in body size of this species.