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Öğe Discrimination of maize inbreds for kernel quality traits and fatty acid composition by a multivariate technique(Univ Estadual Maringa, Pro-Reitoria Pesquisa Pos-Graduacao, 2011) Egesel, Cem Omer; Kahrıman, Fatih; Gul, Muhammet KemalQuality is considered to be mainly related to protein and oil concentration in maize kernel. Great effort has been made through the elevation of oil and protein concentrations; however, studies to enhance the composition quality of oil have been limited. Maize genotypes with special fatty acid composition may confer different end uses and added value. We investigated eight maize inbreds for kernel quality and fatty acid composition. Kernel samples from a two-year experiment were analyzed for oil, protein, moisture and ash, as well as several fatty acids, including oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. Results indicated differences among the genotypes for all traits, except for behenic acid. A680 appeared to be a promising parent to elevate oleic acid, while N194 and RSSSC were the genotypes with the highest oil and protein levels, respectively. A new statistical approach, Canonical Discriminant Analysis with Hypothesis-Error plot technique was utilized to evaluate the data. It showed a good level of agreement with linear tests, and show similar results with those of multi comparison test. With the easily understandable graphical outputs that can interpret the interaction of variables and cases, it offers a good alternative way in analyzing data.Öğe Effect of sowing time on grain yield, oil content, and fatty acids in rapeseed (Brassica napus subsp oleifera)(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2011) Turhan, Hakan; Gul, Muhammet Kemal; Egesel, Cem Omer; Kahrıman, FatihSowing time is an important factor affecting crop yield and quality, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of sowing time on the growth, yield, and quality of rapeseed genotypes and to determine genotype x sowing time interactions for grain yield and its related traits. The study was carried out using 8 winter rapeseed genotypes (H604049, H604038, H604041, Viking, Elan, Titan, Lorenz, and Trabant) and 4 sowing times (10 October, 20 October, 30 October and 10 November) during the 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 growing seasons. An NIRS system was used to determine oil, protein, glucosinolate and sinapic acid esters. Fatty acid analyses were done by the capillary gas chromatography method. Significant differences were found between sowing times for most of the traits measured. The lowest average seed yield (1027.40 kg ha(-1)) was obtained from the latest sowing time, whereas the highest average seed yield (2437.50 kg ha(-1)) was obtained from the earliest sowing time. The genotype H604038 produced the highest seed yield (1988.4 kg ha(-1)), and it was followed by Trabant (1980.8 kg ha(-1)) and Titan (1963.8 kg ha(-1)). The highest oil content, at 42.0%, was obtained from genotype Lorenz at the first sowing time and from genotype Trabant at the second sowing time. No interaction was found between genotype and sowing time for oil content, but significant interactions were found for seed yield and glucosinolates. Seed yield significantly decreased as sowing time was delayed. The effects of sowing time on fatty acid composition were also significant. As a result, it was found that sowing time is an important factor for seed yield and quality in rapeseed.Öğe Screening and comparing tocopherols in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and olive (Olea europaea L.) varieties using high-performance liquid chromatography(Informa Healthcare, 2008) Seker, Murat; Gul, Muhammet Kemal; Ipek, Meryem; Toplu, Celil; Kaleci, NilueferRapeseed and virgin olive oils are a good source of tocopherols. Tocopherols are the most important compounds having antioxidant activity in both crops. Little is known about the tocopherol contents of rapeseed and olive oil grown in Turkey. The aims of this research were to investigate some new rapeseed varieties and olive genotypes grown in northwest Turkey and to compare the tocopherol fractions and contents of both crops. For rapeseed, the data were collected in two growing seasons (2004-2005, 2005-2006) from a field experiment with 19 new rapeseed varieties. For olives, virgin olive oils produced from 21 different varieties were examined in the 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 growing seasons. The separation and identification of tocopherols and the analysis of their contents were successfully achieved using the high-performance liquid chromatographic method. According to the obtained results, gamma-tocopherol (44.200-118.900 mg/kg) was the major fraction of total tocopherol, followed by alpha-tocopherol (19.300-68.500 mg/kg) and delta- tocopherol (0.00-2.600mg/kg(1)) for rapeseeds. Regarding olive varieties, the alpha-tocopherol content changed between 52.000 and 194.750 mg/kg, followed by gamma-tocopherol ranging from 0.00 to 39.750 mg/kg. The total tocopherol content ranged between 83.900 and 173.800 mg/kg for rapeseed and between 52.100 and 213.075 mg/kg for olives. This study revealed that an important variability exists for tocopherol content and composition in rapeseed and olive varieties.Öğe The effects of different growing media on flowering and corm formation of saffron (Crocus sativus L.)(Academic Journals, 2007) Turhan, Hakan; Kahrıman, Fatih; Egesel, Cem Omer; Gul, Muhammet KemalThe objective of this research was to determine the effects of different growing media on saffron growth and corm formation in greenhouse conditions. In the experiment four different treatments were used. These were (1) soil+sand (control), (2) soil+sand+manure, (3) soil+sand+manure applied as a double layer above and bottom of corm bed, and (4) soil+sand+manure+ nitfojips-K. The results revealed that effects of the growing media on most of the characters were significant. Cow manure mixtures especially with double layers had a positive effect on the flower and stigma weight. Average flower weight per plant change between 0.157 - 0.240 g. The corm size did not change significantly in treatments 1, 2 and 3. However, in treatment 4, both corm weight and corm size were significantly lower than they were in the other treatments. The results suggested that the growing medium was one of the important factors for saffron flower and corm formation.Öğe The effects of planting time on fatty acids and tocopherols in chickpea(Springer, 2008) Gul, Muhammet Kemal; Egesel, Cem Omer; Turhan, HakanIn Turkey, as an important producer, chickpea is generally planted in March and April during spring. However, spring plantings have the disadvantage of unstable yield and quality from year to year due to irregularity in spring precipitation. In this research, fatty acids and tocopherol contents in different chickpea genotypes were investigated for consecutive 2 years with both autumn and spring plantings. Tocopherol analyses were carried out by using a high performance liquid chromatography. Gamma tocopherol was the major component of total tocopherol content and it ranged between 15.34 and 42.09 mg kg(-1). Alpha tocopherol content ranged between 4.55 and 10.69 mg kg(-1). Depending on planting time, the values of tocopherol components changed significantly. The mean values for alpha tocopherol were 6.77 mg kg(-1) for autumn and 7.55 mg kg(-1) for spring plantings; while the mean values for gamma tocopherol were 33.32 mg kg(-1) for autumn and 22.50 mg kg(-1) for spring plantings, respectively. Fatty acids, quantified using a gas chromatography, indicated that differences among the genotypes were significant. The values for autumn planting were generally higher than those of spring planting. The values of major fatty acids changed between 18.57 and 35.23% for oleic acid and 47.15 and 63.44% for linoleic acid. According to planting time the mean values for oleic acid changed between 21.23 and 30.52% and for linoleic acid between 51.77 and 60.79%.
