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    Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes against the Tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in tomato field
    (Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2015) Gozel, Cigdem; Kasap, Ismail
    The tomato leafminer, Tuta absolute (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a very challenging pest that causes economical losses in tomato production. This devastating pest originated from South America was the first time detected in Izmir province of Turkey in August 2009. The efficacy of the infective juveniles (IJs) of four native entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species, Steinernema affine (Bovien) (isolate 46), S. carpocapsae (Weiser) (isolate 1133), S. feltiae (Filipjev) (isolate 879) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) (isolate 1144) was investigated against the larvae of T. absolute in the field during the tomato production seasons of 2012-2013 in canakkale. Individuals of T. absolute were collected from infested tomato fields in canakkale and mass produced on tomato plants in a climate controlled room. EPNs were isolated from different parts of Turkey and mass produced by using Galleria mellonella larvae in the laboratory. The tomato leaf miners were exposed to each nematode species at the rate of 50 IJs/cm(2) on tomato plants in cages. T. absolute were susceptible to all EPNs tested but the degree of susceptibility of the larvae to EPN infection varied according to the species. The most effective nematode species on T. absolute larvae was S. feltiae (isolate 879) with 90.7% and 94.3% mortality in 2012 and 2013, respectively, whereas the least effective species was S. affine (isolate 46) with 39.3% and 43.7% mortality in 2012 and 2013, respectively. EPNs can be potential canditates to control tomato leafminer, so the integration possibility of these biological agents into the T. absolute management programme is discussed.
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    Efficacy of Native Entomopathogenic Nematodes on the Larvae of Tomato Leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
    (Galenos Publ House, 2020) Gozel, Cigdem; Kasap, Ismail; Gozel, Ugur
    This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of native entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs); Steinemema affine 46 (Bovien, 1937), S. feltiae 879 (Filipjev, 1934), S. carpocapsae 1133 (Weiser, 1955) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora 1144 (Poinar, 1976) on the larvae of tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick). Bioassays were conducted in the laboratory at four different temperatures (10, 15, 20 and 25 +/- 1 degrees C) in the plates and 30 infective juveniles (IJs) were inoculated to a single T. absoluta larva for each nematode species. After nematode inoculation, larvae were checked on the 3rd, 5th, 7th days and mortalities were recorded. All nematode species used in the study showed the lowest efficacy on the 3rd control day at 10 degrees C and the highest efficacy on the 7th day at 25 degrees C. S. feltiae 879 was found as the most efficient species with the highest mortality (91.67%) among EPNs used in the study. The results proved that T. absoluta larvae are highly susceptible to EPNs and the control of the pest by EPNs on this stage is successful.
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    First record of three plant parasitic nematode species from Mount Ararat (Agri) in Turkey
    (Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2019) Cakmak, Taylan; Gozel, Cigdem; Kaydan, M. Bora; Gozel, Ugur
    In this study, plant parasitic nematode fauna from Mount Ararat was determined according to altitude. A total of 30 soil samples were taken in 2013 during summer. Nematodes were extracted by a modified Baermann funnel technique. Nematodes were identified by morphology, morphometric and phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of the D2-D3 and ITS1-rRNA gene sequences. Permanent slides of individuals were made and species-specific characters were screened by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM studies were processed at the Department of Animal Biology, Vegetal Biology and Ecology, SEM laboratory University of Jaen in Spain during 2014. A total of 19 plant parasitic nematodes were identified from Mount Ararat. Three plant parasitic nematodes Rotylenchus conicaudatus Atighi et al., 2011 (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae), Heterodera trifolii Goffart, 1932 (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) and Tylenchorhynchus mangiferae (Luqman & Khan, 1986) (Nematoda: Belonolaimidae) from this study are new records for plant parasitic nematode fauna of the Turkish.
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    First Report of Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne arenaria on Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.) in Turkey
    (Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2022) Atas, Hurkan; Uysal, Gulsum; Gozel, Cigdem; Gozel, Ugur; Devran, Zubeyir
    Lemon palm (Melissa officinalis L.), a perennial plant from Lamiaceae family, is cultivated in all Mediterranean countries and coastal regions of Turkiye. It can be attacked by several pathogens like nematodes which reduce its yield and quality. In this study, morphometric measurements, morphological and molecular identifications were done using juveniles and females obtained from galled roots of lemon balm collected from Balikesir province of Turkiye. As a result, M. arenaria was the only identified species in analyzed samples. This is the first report of M. arenaria detected on lemon balm in Turkiye.
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    Influence of 24-Epibrassinolide on Physiological Characteristics of Tomato Seedlings Infested with Root-knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) br
    (Ankara Univ, Fac Agr, 2022) Gozel, Cigdem; Gokbayrak, Zeliha
    The aim of this research is to determine the physiological responses of tomato seedlings treated with 24-epibrassinolide (EBL), given via different methods such as immersion, irrigation, and foliar spray, followed by inoculation of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White 1919) Chitwood, 1949 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae). Physiological measurements (chlorophyll, flavonols, nitrogen balance index, and anthocyanins) were carried out non-destructively with a portable chlorophyll meter at the end of the 56th days post inoculation. Results showed that chlorophyll contents of the tomato leaves were affected by both the EBL applications and the methods. Chlorophyll contents were better protected with the irrigation method. Flavonols and nitrogen balance index were inversely related with the application method. Leaf anthocyanin index was affected just by the EBL applications. Depending on the physiological aspect under observation, the method (immersion against irrigation, for instance) might present a challenging status in terms of providing protection against root-knot nematode when tomato plants are treated with EBL.