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    Assessment of Mandibular Trabecular Bone Structure in Hypodivergent Growth Patterns Using Fractal Analysis
    (Mdpi, 2025) Boztas Demir, Gizem; Dogrugoren, Ruveyda; Topsakal, Kubra Gulnur; Duran, Gokhan Serhat; Gorgulu, Serkan
    The objective of this study is to evaluate the trabecular structure in hypodivergent individuals using fractal analysis, with a particular focus on specific mandibular regions. This study aims to assess the impact of hypodivergent growth patterns on bone microarchitecture. This research involved a methodological approach using panoramic radiographs to assess trabecular structure at specific regions of the mandible using fractal analyses. The dimensions of the fractals were calculated with the use of the box-counting technique by the software Image J (v1.53c; Bethesda, MD, USA, National Institutes of Health), while the statistical evaluations were carried out with the Jamovi Software (The Jamovi Project, version 2.3.21.0). The study found significant differences in fractal dimension values between hypodivergent individuals and the control group, particularly in the condyle and angulus regions, indicating a less complex trabecular structure in hypodivergent individuals. This study concludes that individuals with a hypodivergent growth pattern exhibit alterations in trabecular bone structure within the mandibular condyle and angulus regions, characterized by reduced complexity. These findings suggest that increased occlusal forces and mechanical stress associated with this growth pattern may contribute to changes in trabecular architecture. Understanding these variations is essential for orthodontic and maxillofacial diagnosis, treatment planning, and biomechanical considerations, particularly in cases requiring vertical dimension management or anchorage control.
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    Shear bond strength of 3-dimensional-printed orthodontic brackets
    (Mosby-Elsevier, 2025) Duran, Gokhan Serhat; Topsakal, Kubra Gulnur; Akgun, Yusufcan; Bakirhan, Nurgul Karadas; Gorgulu, Serkan
    Introduction: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) of 3-dimensional-printed orthodontic brackets with 3 different base designs and to examine the surface morphologic differences of remaining adhesives using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Methods: Sixty maxillary premolar teeth (n = 20 per group) were randomly allocated into 3 bracket base design groups: (1) custom, (2) macroretentive, and (3) standard. After digital scanning of the teeth, the brackets were printed using a MAX UV DLP 3D printer (Asiga, Sydney, Australia). Each bracket was bonded using Transbond XT composite and light-cured for 10 seconds with a light-emitting diode curing unit (Valo; Ultradent, South Jordan, Utah). Subsequently, SBS testing was performed using a universal testing machine at a 1 mm/min crosshead speed, and fracture loads were recorded in megapascals (MPa). After debonding, ARI scores were evaluated under a digital microscope by a blinded investigator and reevaluated after 2 weeks for reliability. In addition, bracket bases and tooth surfaces were examined under a high-resolution SEM (30 kV, 20 mm working distance). Results: The highest SBS values were observed in the custom base design group (group A, 8.05 +/- 4.69 MPa), followed by the macroretentive group (group B, 6.31 +/- 3.80 MPa) and the standard group (group C, 5.91 +/- 6.09 MPa). The differences between groups A and C were statistically significant (P = 0.017). ARI scores revealed that in groups A and B, most adhesive remained on the tooth (ARI score 2 predominated), whereas group C demonstrated a more variable ARI distribution. In addition, according to the SEM results, most adhesives have remained on the teeth in all groups. Conclusions: Custom mesh designs in 3D-printed orthodontic brackets significantly enhance bond strength and adhesive retention, making them a promising option for clinical use. Future studies should investigate their performance under conditions that simulate the oral environment to validate their clinical applicability. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2025;168:379-86)