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Öğe Change of mineral element content in the common shrubs of Mediterranean zone. I. Macronutrients(Lithuanian Research Centre Agriculture & Forestry, 2011) Gokkus, Ahmet; Parlak, Altingul Ozaslan; Parlak, MehmetShrubs are characteristic of Mediterranean zone and are a significant feed source for goats. However, nutrient contents of shrubs vary significantly with climate, soil and especially with plant growth. There are a few studies on annual variations in mineral contents of shrubs in Marmara Region. Therefore, in this study, seasonal variation of macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) of kermes oak (Quercus coccifera L.), mock privet (Phillyrea latifolia L.), prickly juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus L.), gall oak (Quercus infectoria Oliv.), Christ's-thorn (Paliurus spina-christi Miller), pink rockrose (Cistus creticus L.), thyme (Thymus longicaulis C. Presl.) and prickly burnet (Sarcopoterium spinosum (L.) Spach) were investigated for 14 months (October 2006 November 2007). Variation of macronutrients throughout the year was found to be significant for all shrubs. The concentrations of N, P, K, and S in the shrubs reached the highest levels during the April May months. However, Ca significantly decreased in April. Variation in Mg varied with shrub species. While the amount of N was able to meet the demands of goats during spring for all shrubs except for Paliurus spina-christi and Quercus infectoria, they were not able to meet the demands in other seasons. While Paliurus spina-christi had sufficient N every season, Quercus infectoria had also sufficient N during each season except for winter. P, K, and Ca were mostly observed at sufficient amounts for goats. While Juniperus oxycedrus had insufficient Mg in every season and mock privet in summer and autumn, Mg deficiency was not observed in other shrubs. Amounts of S were generally insufficient for the needs of goats.Öğe Effect of pasture and feeding systems on hematological traits of ewes and lambs(Peerj Inc, 2025) Tolu, Cemil; Oral, Hulya Hanoglu; Alaturk, Firat; Gokkus, AhmetContext Sustainable livestock production depends on efficient pasture management and the continuous monitoring of the health of grazing animals. Objectives This study investigated the effects of pasture types and sheep production systems on the hematological traits of Karacabey Merino (German Mutton Merino x K & imath;v & imath;rc & imath;k) ewes and lambs grazing on different pasture types throughout the year and reared in a semi-intensive system (control group). Methods In this twenty-six-month study, the hematological characteristics of ewes and lambs grazing on natural pastures and in spring (triticale and oat grass pasture), summer (sorghum Sudangrass and wheat stubble pasture), and autumn (triticale and oat grass pasture) were compared with ewes and lambs reared in a semi-intensive system (no pasture for lambs). A total of 36 ewes (aged 3-4 and 65.2 +/- 0.55 kg) and 98 lambs were used. There were 12 ewes in total in each treatment group and four ewes in subgroups. Each subgroup in the pasture was separated by fences. The 12 ewes tagged in the control group were within the unit sheep flock. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of ewes and lambs at three to four-week intervals during live weight weighing using 3-4 mL edged tubes and transported in the cold chain to the laboratory for analysis. Results Pregnant ewes grazing on natural autumn pasture had significantly lower red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), and platelet (PLT) counts (P < 0.05). Animals grazing on wheat stubble pasture exhibited higher hematological values compared to those grazing on Sorghum-Sudangrass pasture (P < 0.05). Lambs in the control group had lower hemoglobin (HGB) and hematocrit (HCT) levels during the post-weaning period than those in the pasture group (P < 0.05). Conclusions The hematological parameters of pregnant Karacabey Merino ewes grazing on natural pastures during the autumn season, as well as those of lambs raised in a semi-intensive system during the post-weaning period, should be carefully monitored. Additionally, appropriate feed supplementation, along with vitamin and mineral support, should be provided to maintain animal health and physiological balance.Öğe EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT DOSES AND TYPES OF FERTILIZERS ON GRAZING TIME AND RANGELAND QUALITY(Univ Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 2016) Alaturk, Firat; Gokkus, AhmetExperimental trails have been conducted between March 2010 and January 2012 in Gerlengec village of Biga District situated in Canakkale Province, Turkey. In this study, control along with 5 kg N/ha 4M (chelate organo-mineral fertilizer, 5-10-0), 10 kg N/ha 4M, 5 kg N/ha composite (20-20-0) and 10 kg N/ha composite of five different types and doses of fertilizer were used. Height of the grass has been increased from 10.0 cm to 110.9 cm and 22.8 cm to 113.1 cm in 2010 and 2011, respectively by increasing the grass layer of the rangeland from 1st March to 30th May. At the same time, the fodder production has been increased from 84.0 kg/ha to 494 kg/ha and 95.8 kg/ha to 631.1 kg/ha in 2010 and 2011, respectively. An increase, both in the grass layer height as well as the fodder production has been accelerated between 10 to 20 April. The application of fertilizers has none significant level of affect to the grazing maturity time of rangeland. The effects of fertilization on legumes in rangeland were important in general while its impact on the species of grains and other related families has mostly been appeared in the months of summer and autumn. According to the two-year average results, legumes that found in plant vegetation were increased by the application of composite fertilizer while decreased due to 4M fertilizer. All of the fertilizers showed an increase in gramineae but reduced the species from other families. All types and doses of fertilizer showed an increase into the quality level of rangeland in each of two years, but an extreme increase of 10 kg N/ha has been occurred in those plots which were applied to 4M fertilizer. According to this, grazing should be started in 20th of April in similar rangelands and 5 kg of nitrogen should be applied to per hectare for improving the quality of rangeland.Öğe Effects of Different Irrigation Levels on Growth of Hungarian Vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) and Field Pea (Pisum arvense L.)(Kastamonu Univ, Orman Fak, 2016) Ozel, Sema Deniz; Gokkus, Ahmet; Alaturk, FiratThe present study was conducted to investigate the effects of different irrigation levels (100, 75, 50 and 25% of field capacity) on above and underground organic biomass production of commonly grown Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz) and field pea (Pisum arvense L.). Experiments were carried out in laboratories in Field Crops Department of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University between the dates 15.11.2014 and 15.05.2015. Experiments were conducted in randomized plots design with 4 replications. Current findings revealed that irrigation water levels significantly affected plant height, aboveground fresh and dry biomass, aboveground dry matter ratio and underground biomass of Hungarian vetch an Field Pea. The greatest plant height, aboveground fresh and dry biomass, dry matter ratio and underground biomass of both forage plants were obtained from 75% irrigation level. The plants produced the least organic matter at the lowest irrigation level. It was concluded that irrigations in Hungarian vetch and field pea should be initiated when the available soil moisture level dropped to 75% of field capacity.Öğe Effects of herbage intake on goat performance in the mediterranean type natural pastures(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc, 2009) Hakyemez, Basri H.; Gokkus, Ahmet; Savaş, Türker; Yurtman, Ismail Y.This study aimed at identifying changes in natural pastures during the grazing season and investigating the effects of these changes on pasture feeding potential for high yielding dairy goats. During the study, 12 dairy goats were grazed on a 1.5 ha natural pasture for three months from April to June in 2003, 2004 and 2005. The goats were fed 0.5 kg/day of concentrate as a supplement during the grazing season. Botanical composition, herbage production and intake, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of the pasture were determined. Live weight, milk yield, milk dry matter (DM) and fat content of the goats were monitored. The data were analyzed using a linear model, which evaluated the effects of grazing seasons in each year. Based on the three-year average, 87% of pasture was herbaceous plants and the remaining was shrubs in DM basis with Cistus creticus, Quercus ithaburensis, Pistacia atlantica and Asparagus acutifolius being the major shrub species. The herbage yield in June was significantly lower than in other months in all years (P = 0.001). In all experimental years, the CP content of the pasture decreased but the structural carbohydrates increased as the grazing season proceeded. While live weight was not affected by grazing periods except for 2004 (P = 0.001), milk yield significantly decreased with advancing grazing period (P = 0.001). The results of the present study indicate that natural pasture has a supportive effect in April and May on the milk yield of lactating goats which are in mid-lactation, and suggested that supplementary feeding is required in consecutive grazing periods.Öğe Effects of Prickly Burnet (Sarcopoterium spinosum (L.) Spach.) Control and Sheep Grazing on Hay Yield and Quality on Gokceada Island, Turkey(Mdpi, 2022) Alaturk, Firat; Gokkus, Ahmet; Parlak, Altingul Ozaslan; Baytekin, Harun; Tölü, CemilSimple Summary This study was carried out to control the plant Sarcopoterium spinosum in canakkale, Turkey. As a result of grazing, the number of grasses and legumes decreased and the number of shrubs increased. The number of species increased due to shrub control measures but decreased remarkably with grazing. (1) Background: The effects of prickly burnet (Sarcopoterium spinosum) control measures (pulling out, burning and cutting) and grazing on the botanical composition, grazeable dry matter (GDM) yield and nutritional values of rangeland were investigated on Imbros Island (Turkey) in 2010-2013. (2) Methods: The rangeland was grazed by Imbros sheep during the last year of the experiment. About 0.15 ha of rangeland was allocated to each sheep and five sheep were placed in each plot. Grazing was continuous throughout the year. (3) Results: Shrub levels decreased by 50-60% due to pulling out, burning and cutting in the first year and herbaceous species increased. Forbs increased more in the pulled and burnt plots and grasses increased more in the cut plots. In the third year, the shrub level increased to 60-65% and herbaceous species decreased. The decrease in herbaceous species was observed mostly in forbs. Plant cover was mostly (58%) composed of annual species. Development decreased plant cover ratios, but this decrease ceased in the burnt plot in the third year. Grazing also reduced plant cover. Crude protein (CP), NDF, ADF and digestible dry matter (DDM) content did not vary significantly over the experimental period. CP and DDM increased, NDF decreased and ADF did not change in the development plots. Overall, significant differences were not observed in GDM yield and nutritional values due to development efforts (pulling out, burning and cutting). (4) Conclusions: However, cutting is difficult over stony and rough terrain and pulling out creates erosion on sloping surfaces. Therefore, burning is recommended over the entire rangeland and burning or pulling out is recommended over smooth terrain for the temporary control of S. spinosum.Öğe Forage yield and quality of kermes oak and herbaceous species throughout a year in Mediterranean zone of western Turkey(Wfl Publ, 2011) Parlak, Altingul Ozaslan; Gokkus, Ahmet; Hakyemez, B. Hakan; Bayetekin, HarunThe most common shrub species in the Mediterranean vegetation is kermes oak (Quercus coccifera). This evergreen shrub and herbaceous vegetation underneath it is grazed by goats and other animals year round. In this research, the botanical composition of shruby grazeland located in the Mediterranean vegetation along with the forage yield (in October, 2006 and May, 2007) and nutritional value (between December, 2006 and November, 2007) of both the herbaceous species and kermes oak was studied. DM, CP, NDF, ADF, ADL, ash, DMD, ME, P and Ca contents of the shrub and herbaceous species were determined. Grazeland was covered by shrubs in 47.26%. Kermes oak was widely dominant (28.90%). In the herbaceous vegetation, grasses were most commonly found (57.36%), followed by forbs (32.94%) and legumes (9.70%). On the average, while kermes oak contained more DM, NDF, ADF and ADL, the herbaceous species had higher contents of CP, ash, DM D, ME, P and Ca. When plants started to grow in the springtime, DM, NDF, ADF and ADL decreased and CP, DMD, ME, P and Ca increased in both kermes oak and herbaceous species. Ash content changed in kermes oak throughout the year and no change was observed in the herbaceous species. Kermes oak specially had more CP and less DM compared to the herbaceous species during the summer. When the forage yield and nutritional value of the grazeland was considered, in the grazing goats there was a deficiency of HP during July-September and ME in the months other than April and May, and no deficiency of P and Ca. Consecutively, in the grazing lands representing Mediterranean vegetation, goats should be fed with supplementary energy feed throughout the year except for spring months, and with CP during summer months in order to obtain satisfactory productivity.Öğe HERBAGE YIELD AND QUALITY OF WHEAT STUBBLE AND SORGHUM SUDAN-GRASS PASTURES(Univ Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 2016) Parlak, Altingul Ozaslan; Gokkus, Ahmet; Alaturk, Firat; Hanoglu, Hulya; Tölü, CemilSummers are hot and dry and winters are cool and precipitated in regions with dominant Mediterranean climate. Since the pastures totally dry out during hot-dry period, sheep usually graze over wheat stubble in Turkey. The present study was conducted to investigate the herbage yield and quality of wheat stubble and Sorghum Sudan-grass pastures during summer dry periods and to compare live weight gains of the sheep grazed over these pastures. In sorghum Sudan-grass pastures, sheep (4 Karacabey merino race sheep x 3 replications) freely grazed in each plot for two-and-a half month (July-August-September) when the plants had 50-75 cm heights. Similar grazing treatments were also performed over wheat stubble. Dry herbage yields of wheat stubble and sorghum sudan-grass pastures were respectively observed as 2.82 ton/ha and 10.0 ton/ha. Considering the herbage quality of the wheat stubble, crude protein was 6.28 %; NDF was 66.54%. ADF was 37.88%, ADL was 4.37%, DMD was 60.25%, ME was 2.18 Kcal/kgKM. The same values were respectively observed as 11.33%, 61.13%, 31.58%, 2.99%, 67.27%, 2.43% in sorghum sudan-grass pasture. Traditional sheep grazing can be performed over wheat stubble pastures, but supplementary energy feed with CP should be provided. Sorghum sudan-grass can also be cultivated as an alternative to traditional stubble grazing. In this case, there is no need for supplementary feeds.Öğe Production Potential of a Natural Pasture Compared to a Wheat Pasture, Both Grazed by Lactating Goats under Mediterranean Climate Conditions(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2008) Hakyemez, Basri Hakan; Gokkus, Ahmet; Yurtman, Ismail Yaman; Savas, TuerkerThe aim of this study was to extend the grazing period using a wheat pasture that produced high quality forage, and to compare the productivity of natural and wheat pastures for grazing goats during a 3-year period (2003-2005) in a Mediterranean zone of Turkey. Twelve 3-4-year-old Saanen goats were allocated to each pasture (10 goats ha(-1)). Pastures were grazed for 2 months (May and June) in 2003 and for 3 months (April, May, and June) in 2004 and 2005. In the study, pasture yield and hay intake, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content of the hay, and milk yield and milk fat percentage were determined. Pasture yield was significantly affected by pasture type (P < 0.001) for each year and the wheat pasture (5.34-6.51 t ha(-1)) yielded approximately 3.5-fold more hay than the natural pasture (1.48-1.88 t ha-1). Goats in the wheat pasture consumed significantly more forage in 2003 (P = 0.015), 2004 (P < 0.001), and 2005 (P < 0.001). Average hay intake in the wheat pasture ranged between 2.32 +/- 0.27 and 2.53 +/- 0.27 kg d(-1) in 2003, 1.42 +/- 0.26 and 3.35 +/- 0.26 kg d(-1) in 2004, and 2.69 +/- 0.25 and 3.33 +/- 0.25 kg d(-1) in 2005, whereas it ranged between 1.54 +/- 0.27 and 1.95 +/- 0.27 kg d(-1) in 2003, 0.79 +/- 0.26 and 1.79 +/- 0.26 kg d(-1) in 2004, and 0.81 +/- 0.25 and 1.60 +/- 0.25 kg d(-1) in 2005 in the natural pasture. Most of the interactions between pasture type and grazing month were statistically significant in terms of the CP, NDF, and ADF content of the pasture samples. In the first months CP content of the hay in the wheat pasture was higher than in the natural pasture, whereas this was reversed, especially in June. In addition, NDF and ADF content were not similar to CP content. In general, daily milk yield of the goats grazed on the wheat pasture was higher than that of those grazed on the natural pasture throughout the study. Milk yield was consistent with hay intake and milk fat percentage was inversely related to milk yield during the study. It was concluded that the wheat pasture had better potential for supplying nutrients to lactating dairy goats than did the natural pasture in spring.Öğe SEASONAL CHANGES IN DAILY BEHAVIORAL RHYTHMS OF GOKCEADA SHEEP GRAZED INTO RANGELAND WITH INTENSE PRICKLY BURNET (SARCOPOTERIUM SPINOSUM) COVER(Univ Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 2016) Tölü, Cemil; Alaturk, Firat; Gokkus, Ahmet; Savaş, TürkerIn this study, seasonal changes in daily behavioral rhythms of Gokeada sheep into the pastures were investigated. The research was conducted at Gokeada Island located at the far-west end of Turkey in Aegean Sea. This study is a part of 3-year rangeland reclamation project. Experiments were conducted into 8 plots surrounded with fences including 3-4 years old 40 head sheep (0.15 ha/sheep) grazed into the rangeland for a year. Prickly burnet cover ratio was found between 71.4-88.2% in reclaimed plots 95.7-94.9% in control plots. The sheep were observed through directs observations with sampling method in day-time. Significant differences were observed in grazing behaviors of Gokeada sheep in different seasons (P< 0.0001). Grazing frequency was high in winter and spring seasons and low in summer season (P= 0.05). The sheep grazed in winter and spring seasons 2 times higher than autumn season. Grazing frequency was quite low in summer season. The sheep grazed in summer season rather in cool hours of the morning and evening. They spent rest of the day with resting and rumination. They spent majority of the day with grazing in winter and spring seasons. It has been concluded in this study that Gkeada sheep, raised almost under wild conditions, were able to self-sustain into the rangeland with dominant prickle burnet cover through efficiently benefiting from prickly burnet in all season.Öğe Shrub yield and forage quality in Mediterranean shrublands of West Turkey for a period of one year(Academic Journals, 2011) Parlak, Altingul Ozaslan; Gokkus, Ahmet; Hakyemez, B. Hakan; Baytekin, HarunShrublands are important habitats for ruminants in the Mediterranean area. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shrub yield, quality (between November 2006-November 2007) and preferences of goats for the six shrubs (Quercus coccifera L., Phillyrea latifolia L., Juniperus oxycedrus, Cistus creticus L., Sarcopoterium spinosum (L.) Spach and Thymus longicaulis C. Presl.) of Mediterranean shrublands in Turkey. In the shrubland the highest yield was obtained from kermes oak and prickly juniper. Yield in May was higher than that of in October. Dry matter (DM), Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) were low and Crude protein (CP), Dry matter digestibility (DMD), ME, P, and Ca were high during the spring in the kermes oak, thyme and mock privet. Reverse situation was observed during the summer and winter months. Changes in the prickly juniper, pink rockrose and prickly burnet were not stable. When production and nutritive values of the shrubs were considered, goats showed deficiency in CP and ME throughout the year except in the spring. P and Ca were found sufficient. As a conclusion, in Mediterranean shrublands, goats should be fed with supplementary energy feed throughout the year except for spring months, and with CP during summer months in order to obtain satisfactory productivity.Öğe Soil chemical differences between pasture types in Southern Marmara, Turkey(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2008) Hakyemez, B. Hakan; Parlak, Altingul O.; Celik, Sezgin; Gokkus, AhmetIn this study, the effects of soils on poor yield and condition of pastures in Southern Marmara, Turkey were determined. For this reason, total of 60 soil samples, in Spring 2006, were collected from 5 types of pastures in Canakkale, Balikesir and Bursa provinces, all located in the Southern Marmara region. Pasture types investigated were mountain, shrubland, coastal, lowland and forest gap type pastures. All of the collected soil samples were being evaluated for soil electrical conductivity (EC), pH, CaCO3, P, K, Ca. Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and organic matter. The EC (P = 0.000), CaCO3 (P = 0.009), organic matter (P = 0.000), P (P = 0.003), K (P = 0.027), Fe (P = 0.025) and Cu (P = 0.047) levels of soils were significantly different between pastures. Highest levels of EC (1.67 +/- 0.82 dS m(-1)) and of CaCO3 (5.81 +/- 1.02 %), were found in the soil samples obtained from coastal region and shrubland type pastures, respectively. However, the highest levels of both organic matter (4.94 +/- 0.50 %) and P (49.0 +/- 3.4 ppm) were found in both forest gap and lowland type pastures. Cu level was the highest in coastal type pastures among all 5 types of pastures analyzed. Among the provincial pastures, pH (P = 0.009), organic matter (P = 0.007), P (P = 0.002). Ca (P = 0.019), Mg (P = 0.020), Fe (P = 0.000), Zn (P = 0.013) and Cu (P = 0.003) levels of soils were significant. The highest levels of pH (7.40 +/- 0.11), of CaCO3 (4.87 +/- 0.61 %), of Ca (3049 +/- 275 ppm) and of Mg (656.7 +/- 60.9 ppm) level were found in pastures of Canakkale province while the highest levels of organic matter (%4.01 +/- 0.40), of Fe (22.8 +/- 3.0 ppm), of Zn (1.21 +/- 0.10) and of Cu (0.92 +/- 0.08 ppm) were found in pastures of Bursa province. Overall results of this study indicated that pastures of Southern Marmara region do not have very significant problem in their soil chemical compositions., Therefore, in order to improve these pastures, prescribed grazing management or weed/vegetation management practices should be applied.Öğe Soil Seed Bank and Aboveground Vegetation in Grazing Lands of Southern Marmara, Turkey(Univ Agr Sci & Veterinary Med Cluj-Napoca, 2011) Parlak, Altingul Ozaslan; Gokkus, Ahmet; Demiray, Hasan CanThe composition and conservation of plant communities is greatly influenced by the soil seed bank. information on the soil seed banks and the remaining vegetation in these ecosystems is crucial for guiding the restoration efforts. This study examines rise size, species richness, diversity, uniformity, and similarity of soil seed banks and aboveground vegetation in 6 different grazing lands including coastal pasture, reseeded pasture, artificial pasture, lowland shrubland, ungrazed pasture, and hillside shrubland. Forty-eight soil samples were taken by cores with a diameter and depth of 10 cm from each of grazing lands in August of 2007. A vegetation survey was conducted using a 0.5 x 0.5-m quadrant in both the spring and fall. Eighty species were observed in soil seed hanks and aboveground vegetation. The largest seed bank was observed in reseeded pasture (7,715 seed/m(2)), while the smallest seed bank was found in coastal pasture (2,755 seed/m(2)). Coastal pasture also possessed the least amount of aboveground vegetation (131 plants/m(2). The most aboveground vegetation was found in ungrazed pasture (155 Plano/m(2)). The most common species in seed banks were annual and perennial grasses in reseeded pasture, annual forbs in artificial pasture and hillside shrubland, and perennial forbs in low shrubland and ungrazed pasture. Species richness, diversity, and uniformity in seed banks were highest in lowland shrubland and lowest in artificial pasture. The seed bank and aboveground vegetation were similar in ungrazed pasture, coastal pasture, reseeded pasture, low shrubland, hillside shrubland and artificial pasture. Shrublands play an important role in species richness and the number of germinated seeds from seed banks of grazing lands in southern Marmara. The results showed that reseeding or a decrease in grazing pressure may improve the condition of grazing lands.Öğe The Effect of Row Spacing on Hay Yield and Some Yield Components of Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonobla (L.) Taub.)(Kastamonu Univ, Orman Fak, 2016) Cebeci, Gurkan; Gokkus, Ahmet; Alaturk, FiratIn this study, were determined the effects of row spacing on some agricultural properties of the guar (Cyamopsis tetragonobla). The experiment trials for this study were conducted in the Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University at Dardanos Research and Experimental Trials Unit of the Faculty of Agriculture in 2015. The experiment using Randomized Complete Block Design with 3 replications was applied two Guar. Five row spacing (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 cm) according to the results. Row spacing had no effect to plant height and dry matter contents as it significantly affected alter properties. The highest green (2323.70 kg da(-1)) and dry (714.1 kg da(-1)) hay yield were obtained from 20 cm row spacing. Maximum number of branches (8.73 number) and flowers (72.40 number) were obtained from the row spacing of 100 cm while the number of leaves (247.23 number) and of stem diameter (11.59 mm) were achieved using 80 cm of row spacing. The number of branches, number of leaves and stem diameter increased with wider row spacing due to the availability at were space per plant to grow, but green and dry hay yields were decreased. In conclusion, 20-40 cm at row spacing may be suggested in guar for hay production.Öğe Variation of nutritional values in leaves and stalks of different maize genotypes having high protein and high oil during vegetation(Elsevier Science Bv, 2016) Gokkus, Ahmet; Kahrıman, Fatih; Alaturk, Firat; Ali, BabooThis study was aimed to determine the variations into the nutrient contents found different plant parts of maize genotypes that containing high level of oil and protein at their different vegetative stages. In this study, six different maize genotypes were used as plant materials that have been generated by crossing of two special types of maize namely, IHO and IHP with two normal elite inbred lines (B73 and Mo17). Field trials have been conducted by using randomized complete block design along with three replications in the region of northwest of Turkey. Samplings were designed in accordance to plant sowing date and they were taken from the field at 40th, 60th, 82nd, 100th and 122nd days after sowing. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), crude ash (CA), organic matter digestibility (OMD) and dry matter digestibility (DMD) have been investigated during this study work. The results of this research showed that the significant differences were found among genotypes and some sorts of significant variations have been observed into the cell wall components. Genotypes, having high level of protein in their stalks, have been found superior in terms of nutrient content while the genotypes, having high level of oil in their leaves, were found best for nutrient values. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
