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Öğe A Review on Phyto-Therapeutic Approaches in Alzheimer's Disease(MDPI, 2023) Şahiner, Mehtap; Yılmaz, Aynur Sanem; Güngör, Buket; Şahiner, NurettinNeurodegenerative diseases occur due to progressive and sometimes irreversible loss of function and death of nerve cells. A great deal of effort is being made to understand the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is quite high, and only symptomatic therapy is available due to the absence of radical treatment. The aim of this review is to try to elucidate the general pathogenesis of AD, to provide information about the limit points of symptomatic treatment approaches, and to emphasize the potential neurologic effects of phytocompounds as new tools as therapeutic agents for disease prevention, retardation, and therapy. This survey also covers the notable properties of herbal compounds such as their effects on the inhibition of an enzyme called acetylcholinesterase, which has significant value in the treatment of AD. It has been proven that phytopharmaceuticals have long-term effects that could protect nervous system health, eliminate inflammatory responses, improve cognitive damage, provide anti-aging effects in the natural aging process, and alleviate dementia sequelae. Herbal-based therapeutic agents can afford many advantages and can be used as potentially as new-generation therapeutics or complementary agents with high compliance, fewer adverse effects, and lower cost in comparison to the traditional pharmaceutical agents in the fight against AD.Öğe Drug-impregnated contact lenses via supercritical carbon dioxide: A viable solution for the treatment of bacterial and fungal keratitis(Elsevier, 2024) Güngör, Buket; Erdoğan, Hakika; Sağbaş Suner, Selin; Sılan, Coşkun; Saraydın, Serpil U.; Şahiner, NurettinKeratitis is a corneal infection caused by various bacteria and fungi. Eye drop treatment of keratitis involves significant challenges due to difficulties in administration, inefficiencies in therapeutic dosage, and frequency of drug applications. All these are troublesome and result in unsuccessful treatment, high cost, time loss, development of drug resistance by microorganisms, and a massive burden on human health and the healthcare system. Most of the antibacterial and antifungal medications are non-water-soluble and/or include toxic drug formulations. Here, the aim was to develop drug-loaded contact lenses with therapeutic dosage formulations and extended drug release capability as an alternative to eye drops, by employing supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) as a drug impregnation solvent to overcome inefficient ophthalmic drug use. ScCO2, known as a green solvent, has very low viscosity which provides high mass transfer power and could enhance drug penetration into contact lenses much better with respect to drug loading using other solvents. Here, moxifloxacin (MOX) antibiotic and amphotericin B (AMB) antifungal medicines were separately loaded into commercially available silicone hydrogel contact lenses through 1) drug adsorption from the aqueous solutions and 2) impregnation techniques via ScCO2 and their efficacies were compared. Drug impregnation parameters, i.e., 8-25 MPa pressure, 310-320 K temperature, 2-16-hour impregnation times, and the presence of ethanol as polar co-solvent were investigated for the optimization of the ScCO2 drug impregnation process. The highest drug loading and long-term release kinetic from the contact lenses were obtained at 25 MPa and 313 K with 2.5 h impregnation time by using 1 % ethanol (by volume). Furthermore, antibacterial/antifungal activities of the MOX- and AMBimpregnated contact lenses were effective against in vitro Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145) bacteria and Fusarium solani (ATCC 36031) fungus for up to one week. Consequently, the ScCO2 method can be effectively used to impregnate commercial contact lenses with drugs, and these can then be safely used for the treatment of keratitis. This offers a sustainable delivery system at effective dosage formulations with complete bacterial/ fungal inhibition and termination, making it viable for real animal/human applications.Öğe Evaluation of Family Physicians’ Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding the Rational Use of Antibiotics: A Survey Based Study(2022) Güngör, Buket; Koparan, Sezen; Karakılınç, Hülya; Büyükkaraman, EbruBackground and Objectives: Antibiotics are widely used all over the world, but the use of appropriate antibiotics in the appropriate dose and duration plays a critical role in reducing the development of resistance, and mortality in particular, as well as undesirable effects and treatment costs associated with infections. The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of primary care family physicians regarding the rational use of antibiotics (RUA) and to raise awareness about this issue. Methods: Before the \"Training for the Rational Use of Antibiotics\" for family physicians of primary healthcare in Antalya in 2019, a questionnaire was distributed to the physicians. The questionnaire contained 37 questions, including 27 multiple-choice questions designed to assess physicians' general attitudes toward antibiotic rationalization. The questionnaire, which consists of ten questions, also includes a test at the end, which is calculated over a total of 100 points. The purpose of the test is to assess family physicians' knowledge of rational antibiotic use. Each correct answer was worth 10 points, and the average success and standard deviations of the physicians were computed. Results: This study included 143 family physicians in total. The mean success score standard deviation (SD) was found to be 66.5 18.51 out of 100 in the test, which measures the knowledge level of physicians prior to training. The success scores of physicians aged 55 and older were found to be statistically significantly lower than the scores of those in other age groups (55.6 21.2 points (mean SD). Other variables examined within the scope of the study were found to have no effect on the physicians' success scores. It was also discovered that physicians frequently answered incorrectly questions about the use of the Modified Centor Clinical Scoring system.The relevant records showed that only 7867 (27.4%) of 28 712 Rapid Antigen tests (RATs) distributed to family physicians by the Provincial Health Directorate were used. Conclusions: Although the majority of the participants stated that they used diagnosis and treatment guidelines when prescribing antibiotics, it was discovered that the use of the Modified Centor clinical scoring system and the RADTs was not common among them, and that there were some deficiencies in the RUA.Öğe Soğuk Algınlığında Kullanılan Bitkisel Droglar(2022) Büyükkök, Neşe; Güngör, Buket; Genç, Ayşe AsenaSoğuk algınlığı, tüm dünyada sık görülen hastalıkların başındadır. Hafif seyirli viral bir hastalık olmasına rağmen, sağlık harcamaları yönünden büyük bir yük teşkil etmektedir. Soğuk algınlığında kullanılan droglar güncel bilimsel kaynaklardan yararlanılarak derlenmiştir. Bu alanda kullanılan başlıca droglar: Pimpirella anisum L, Hederae helix L, Filipendulae ulmariae L Maxim, Primulae veris L, Primulae elatior (L), Eucalyptus globulus Labill, Matricariae recutita L,Marrubium vulgare L,Menthae x piperitae L, Tiliae cordata Miller ve Pelargonii sidoides DC yer almaktadır. Avrupa İlaç Kurumu(EMA)tarafından yayınlanan ve Sağlık Bakanlığı’nın (TİTCK) yayınladığı tıbbi bitki monograflarında bulunan soğuk algınlığında kullanılan droglar, bitkilerin fitokimyasal bileşimleri, dikkat edilmesi gereken durumlar ve bitkiler hakkında genel bilgiler bu derlemede sıralanmıştır. Antibiyotiklere karşı mikroorganizmaların direncinin artmasıyla son zamanlarda bitkisel ekstrelere ve biyoaktif bileşiklere ilgi giderek artmakta olup Ar-Ge çalışmaları da bu kapsamda ilerlemektedir. Çeşitli yan etkileri ve kontrendikasyonları bulunan ve eczane dışındaki yerlerde endikasyon belirterek topluma sunulan bu bitkisel ürünlerin standardize edilerek, fitoterapinin hekim ve eczacıların kontrolünde uygulanması ile etkin ve güvenli tedavi sağlanacak ve iyilik halinin zarar görmesi engellenecektir.Öğe Synthesis and characterization of poly(Maltodextrin) microgel from maltodextrin as drug delivery system(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Şahiner, Mehtap; Güngör, Buket; Sılan, Coşkun; Demirci, Şahin; Erdoğan, Hakika; Ayyala, Ramesh S.; Şahiner, NurettinMicrogels of maltodextrin (MDex) as poly(maltodextrin) (p(MDex)) were prepared by reverse-micelle crosslinking technique at various crosslinking ratios, 25, 50, and 100% based on the repeating unit of MDex using divinylsulfone (DVS) as crosslinker and were designated as p(MDex)-1, p(MDex)-2, and p(MDex)-3 respectively. The prepared p(MDex) microgels were blood compatible with <2% hemolysis and > 80%blood clotting index values at 1.0 mg/mL concentration. Also, p(MDex) microgels were found as biocompatible with >90% cell viability against L929 fibroblast cells at 1.0 mg/mL concentrations. Furthermore, p(MDex)-3 microgels were modified with ethylenediamine (EDA) and pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA) to generate new amine groups on microgels surface to obtain p(MDex)-EDA and p(MDex)-PEHA, respectively to render new surface functionality and features. The drug delivery potentials of p(MDex)-3, p(MDex)-EDA, and p(MDex)-PEHA microgels were tested employing amoxicillin (Amox) for loading and release studies at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C. Higher drug loading amount, loading content%, and encapsulation efficiency% values were attained for p(MDex)-PEHA microgels with 112.5 +/- 9.9 mg/g, 12.8 +/- 1.1%, and 63.4 +/- 4.1%, respectively. The Amox-loaded p(MDex)-3, p(MDex)-EDA, and p(MDex)-PEHA microgels released 90.8 +/- 0.9, 86.2 +/- 10.8, and 87.2 +/- 9.6% of the loaded Amox at pH 7.4 PBS in 125 h. Controlled and extended drug delivery system at the therapeutic window is of paramount significance in treatment of various diseases. P(MDex)-PEHA microgels revealed almost a linear Amox release profile for up to 28 h. The Amox release from the p(MDex) microgels was fitted with the Korsmeyer-Peppas model with n values <0.5.Öğe The effects of renal dopaminergic system on the development of hypertension with high salt diet and L-NNA administration(Veysi AKPOLAT, 2023) Güngör, Buket; Tekeş, Ender; Silan, Coşkun; Akdur, Seçil Afet; Çakır, Dilek Ülker; Eşsizoğlu, Ertan; Aksulu, Hakkı EnginObjective: We aimed to investigate the intrarenal dopamine synthesis efficiency, blood pressure changes and the effects of this system on hypertension developed by NOS inhibition and high salt diet. Method: Wistar Albino male rats were administered water containing 50mg/L or 100mg/L concentrations of L-NNA, standard rat feed containing 0.8%salt, or 4%high salt alone or with L-NNA for 7days. Blood pressure measurements were made with the tail-cuff method. 24-hour water intake and urine volume were also measured. Results: Administration of L-NNA or high-salt diet alone for 7days did not cause a change in blood pressure, while their combined administration resulted in a significant increase in blood pressure. Blood pressures were found to be higher in the L-NNA100+HS group compared to the other groups. While the amount of water intake in 24hours did not change, the amount of 24-hour urine was reduced. 24-hour urinary sodium excretion, sodium clearance and GFR was decreased, and 24-hour urine dopamine concentrations were increased. Conclusion: Co-administration of nitric-oxide inhibitor and high-salt diet failed to prevent renal dopaminergic system blood pressure increase. Despite the increase in dopamine synthesis, intrarenal dopamine activity could not be realized by receptor interaction and it is thought that the increase in blood pressure is caused by the development of renal oxidative stress.Öğe Therapeutic and Nutraceutical Effects of Polyphenolics from Natural Sources(Mdpi, 2022) Şahiner, Mehtap; Yılmaz, Aynur Sanem; Güngör, Buket; Ayoubi, Yasmin; Şahiner, NurettinThe prevalence of cardiovascular disease, oxidative stress-related complications, and chronic age-related illnesses is gradually increasing worldwide. Several causes include the ineffectiveness of medicinal treatment therapies, their toxicity, their inability to provide radical solutions in some diseases, and the necessity of multiple drug therapy in certain chronic diseases. It is therefore necessary for alternative treatment methods to be sought. In this review, polyphenols were identified and classified according to their chemical structure, and the sources of these polyphenol molecules are indicated. The cardioprotective, ROS scavenging, anti-aging, anticancer properties of polyphenolic compounds have been demonstrated by the results of many studies, and these natural antioxidant molecules are potential alternative therapeutic agents.Öğe Tuz yüklemesi ve egzersizin sıçanlarda su-tuz dengesi ve kan basıncı üzerine etkileri(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2014) Güngör, Buket; Sılan, Coşkunİnsanın hayatında karşılaşabileceği ve esansiyel hipertansiyon patolojisinde yer alabilen faktörler temel alınarak hazırlanan bu çalışmada; şiddetli egzersiz, yüksek tuz ve kısmi NOS inhibisyonu uygulamalarının birbirleriyle etkileşimlerini, su- tuz dengesi ve kan basıncı üzerine etkilerini, önemli natriüretik sistem olan intrarenal dopaminerjik sistem değişimlerini ve oksidatif stresin katılımını araştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Sıçanlara koşu bandında 25 m/dk hızda %5 eğimde günde 30 dakika süreyle şiddetli egzersiz, 50 mg/L konsantrasyonda LNNA ve %4 oranında yüksek tuzlu diyet 7 gün süreyle ayrı ayrı veya birlikte uygulandı. Deneyin ilk ve son günlerinde sıçanların kan basınçları ölçüldü, sıçanlar metabolik kafeslere alındı; 24 saatlik alınan su ve çıkarılan idrar miktarları ölçüldü. İdrar ve deney sonunda alınan kan örneklerinden sodyum, üre ve kreatinin değerleri ölçüldü, GFR, %FENa ve CNa gibi renal parametreler hesaplandı. İntrarenal dopamin sentezinin tespiti için 24 saatlik idrarlarında dopamin düzeyleri ölçüldü. Ayrıca sıçanların serumlarında oksidatif stres parametreleri; TAS, TOS ve OSİ düzeyleri ölçüldü. Şiddetli egzersizin, LNNA veya yüksek tuzlu diyet ile birlikte uygulandığı gruplarda kan basıncı yüksek bulundu. Şiddetli egzersiz uygulaması kan basıncı artışını agrave etmiştir. Üçlü uygulamada kan basıncı artışı daha da yükseldi. Bu grubun su dengelerinde değişim olmazken, 24 saatlik idrarlarında sodyum atılımlarının ve dopamin düzeylerinin arttığı tespit edildi. Ayrıca bu grupta total oksidan durumun arttığı, antioksidan sistemin yetersiz kalması sonucu oksidatif stres geliştiği tespit edildi. Kan basıncını etkilemeyen tuz yüklemesi veya kısmi NOS-inhibisyonunda, şiddetli egzersiz kan basıncının artışına neden olmuştur. Kan basıncı artışında, gelişen oksidatif stresin katılımı söz konusudur. Bulgular, oksidatif stresin, kan basıncını artırıcı etkisinin, su-tuz retansiyonundan ziyade vasküler rezistansı artırıcı etkisinden kaynaklanabileceğine işaret etmektedir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Hipertansiyon, ?ntrarenal dopamin, Oksidatif stres, ?iddetli egzersiz
