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    Age structure and body size of the Strauch’s racerunner, Eremias strauchi strauchi Kessler, 1878
    (2013) Altunışık, Abdullah; Gül, Çiğdem; Özdemir, Nurhayat; Tosunoğlu, Murat; Ergül, Tuğba
    We studied, for the first time, the age structure of Eremias strauchi strauchi (Kessler, 1878) from a sample (18 adults) of a population living in the vicinity of Iğdır (eastern Turkey) using the skeletochronological method. The maximum observed longevity was 7 years for males and 5 years for females. The age of males ranged from 4 to 7 years (mean 4.91, n = 12), while that of females ranged from 4 to 5 years (mean 4.66, n = 6). The average snout–vent length (SVL) was 61.10 mm in males and 60.82 mm in females. The differences in mean age and SVL between sexes were not statistically significant. Intersexual differences in body size were male-biased, but this state was not statistically significant. Age and SVL were positively correlated in both sexes.
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    Biga Çayı (Kocabaş Çayı, Çanakkale)'ndaki Bazı Sucul Amfibi (Pelophylax ridibundus) ve Reptil (Mauremys rivulata, Natrix natrix) Türlerinde Mikrobiyolojik, Hematolojik Ve Ekolojik Araştırmalar
    (2015) Tosunoğlu, Murat; Gül, Çiğdem; Tepeova, Nurdan; Hacıoğlu, Nurcihan; Uysal, İbrahim
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    Blood Cell Types and Abnormalities in Free Ranging Hermann’s Tortoise (Testudo hermanni) Populations from Different Habitats
    (2024) Boran, Begüm; Baycan, Bengi; Gül, Çiğdem; Tosunoğlu, Murat
    Testudo hermanni is considered near threatened globally in the wild. In this study differential leukocyte percentages, nuclear abnormalities, and erythrocyte morphology abnormalities of Testudo hermanni populations from two different habitat types in the Thrace Region were determined to whether habitats have a potential effect on blood cells. A total of 37 tortoises, 18 from an open habitat in Kırklareli/Karakoç, and 19 from an isolated habitat in Edirne/Keşan were studied. According to the results obtained from the Micronucleus Test, which detects genotoxic damage, there was no statistically significant difference between the two habitats. There were statistically significant differences in erythrocyte morphology abnormalities and differential leukocyte count between two populations, such as frequencies of anucleated erythrocyte, nuclear shift, elliptical shape distortion, monocyte and eosinophile percentages. This is the first study examined nuclear abnormalities of Testudo hermanni in Türkiye.
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    Body size and age structure of the Parvilacerta parva (Boulenger, 1887) population from Sivas, Turkey
    (2020) Kalaycı, Tuğba Ergül; Uysal, İbrahim; Gül, Çiğdem; Özdemir, Nurhayat
    Longevity and age of sexual maturity are key life history trait factors directly linked to ecological and evolutionary aspects. In this study, we determined age structure of Parvilacerta parva individuals from Sivas (Turkey) using skeletochronology. The maximum age was found to be seven years for females and six years for males of P. parva. A significant relationship was found between age and body size in individuals whose head length, head width and body length were measured. Additionally, it was seen that there is a significant relationship among body length, head length and head width.
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    Breeding and Cannibalism Behaviours of Captive Coronella austriaca (Colubridae) in a Terrarium
    (2019) Uysal, İbrahim; Gül, Çiğdem; Tosunoğlu, Murat
    Cannibalism involves consuming all or part of another individual of the same species as food. Consuming the same species, or showing cannibalistic behaviour is common in reptiles, especially in snake species. The captured female Coronella austriaca of the Colubridae family was kept in captivity for two months in the terrarium. The female sample fed on one of the offsprings after ovoviviparous delivery. In the following observations it was determined that one of the juvenile individuals fed on another juvenile with similar size. The objective of this study is to provide information about the breeding and cannibalistic behaviour of Coronella austriaca under captivity.
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    Çanakkale civarındaki bazı amfibi türleri üzerinde morfolojik ve hematolojik incelemeler
    (Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2005) Gül, Çiğdem; Tok, Varol
    öz Bu tezde Çanakkale ye civarından toplanan Urodela (Triturus vulgaris) ve Anura türlerinden (Rana ridibunda, Rana dalnıatina, Bufo viridis, Bufo bufo, Hyla arborea, Pelobates syriacus) 104 (60 $c? + 44 ŞŞ) örnekte renk ve desen özellikleri incelenmiştir. 92 (43 <$<$ + 49 Ş Ş) örnekte ise kan hücre sayısı ile büyüklükleri belirlenmiştir. Renk ve desen bakımından incelenen Anura örneklerinde türlere özgü farklı desen tipleri tespit edilmiştir. T. vulgaris türünde kan hücrelerinin sayısı ve büyüklüğü açısından seksüel dimorfizm yoktur. Anura türlerinden daha büyük eritrositlere ancak daha az eritrosit sayısına sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. İncelenen Anura türleri içerisinde en az eritrosit sayısına R ridibunda'da, en fazla eritrosit sayısına B. viridis'aç rastlanmıştır. En küçük eritrosit P. syriacus'da, en büyüğü ise R. ridibunda'da. tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Triturus vulgaris, Rana ridibunda, Rana dalnıatina, Bufo viridis, Bufo bufo, Hyla arborea, Pelobates syriacus, Urodela, Anura, Eritrosit. I
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    Determination of Pathogenicity of Bacteria Isolated from Some Aquatic Amphibian and Reptile Species
    (Pleiades Publishing Inc, 2024) Karakaş, İlke; Hacıoğlu Doğru, Nurcihan; Gül, Çiğdem; Tosunoğlu, Murat
    Microflora of reptiles and amphibians pose a serious threat to the environment and humans, as these bacteria are more resistant to antimicrobials or have more virulence factors. In this study, we focused on the characterization of Gram-negative bacterial isolates obtained from Mauremys rivulata (Western Caspian turtle), Natrix natrix (Grass snake), Natrix tessellata (Dice snake) and Pelophylax bedriagae (Levantine frog) using cultural methods and determine some virulence factors (antibiotic resistance, VanA and TetM resistant genes, biofilm, siderophore and some enzymatic activities etc.). Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) and virulence index (VI) of each strain were also calculated. A total of 85 Gram-negative isolates exhibited varying levels of antibiotic resistance and the ability to produce one or more extracellular enzymes such as amylase, lecithinase, protease, lipase, hemolysis, siderophore, amino acid decarboxylase and DNase. Although the TetM has been identified in all 7 isolates, none of the isolates have shown the presence of the VanA gene. According to MAR and VI results, most of the isolates were found to be in the high threat group and these indexes were correlated with antibiotic resistance. The study data revealed that chemicals used in industry and agriculture both trigger environmental pollution and pose risk factors for wildlife.
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    Discovery of a new Hepatozoon species namely Hepatozoon viperoi sp. nov. in nose-horned vipers in Turkiye
    (Nature Research, 2023) Ceylan, Onur; Ungari, Leticia Pereira; Gül, Çiğdem; Tosunoğlu, Murat; Baycan, Bengi; O'Dwyer, Lucia Helena
    Although Hepatozoon spp. remains the most prevalent intracellular protozoa infecting snakes, it was reported only in a few snake species of the Colubridae family in Türkiye. Moreover, studies on these hemoparasites are not available in venomous nose-horned vipers from Türkiye. In this study, we investigated Hepatozoon spp. in three individual Vipera ammodytes using morphological and molecular methods. Our results were positive for intraerythrocytic Hepatozoon spp. gamonts in all three snakes, exhibiting low parasitemia. The microscopic findings were further confirmed through molecular data. A genus-specific PCR assay targeting the 18S rRNA gene region of Hepatozoon spp., was performed using HemoF/HemoR and Hep300/Hep900 primers. The obtained sequences were concatenated and used in phylogenetic analyses in comparison with different Hepatozoon species. Although our (OP377741) isolate was separated into a different branch, it was clustered with the isolates of H. massardi (KC342526), H. cevapii (KC342525), and H. annulatum (ON262426) from Brazilian snakes. Moreover, gene similarity and pair-wise distance between our isolate and other Hepatozoon species infecting snakes were found to be 89.30–98.63% and 0.009–0.077, respectively. Hence, we reported a new species of Hepatozoon, namely Hepatozoon viperoi sp. nov. infecting V. ammodytes. Since the literature does not indicate the existence of such a Hepatozoon species in V. ammodytes in different countries, our data may contribute to the expanding knowledge of Hepatozoon species in snakes, providing new insights into the biodiversity of the haemogregarine protozoan parasite.
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    Evaluation of the Effects of Environmental Pollutants on Populations of the European Pond Turtle Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Testudines: Emydidae) at Çanakkale, Türkiye
    (Inst Zoology, Bas, 2024) Çördük, Nurşen; Gül, Çiğdem; Hacıoğlu Doğru, Nurcihan; Tosunoğlu, Murat
    We evaluated and compared the effects of different environmental pollutants on haematological, microbiological and genotoxic characteristics of populations of the freshwater turtle Emys orbicularis from the Kavak Delta and Dardanos in canakkale (NW Tiirkiye). The haematocrit values of samples of E. orbicularis differed considerably between the two localities: they were higher in the Kavak Delta samples. The mean cell haemoglobin concentration was also significantly different between the two localities (higher in the samples of the Dardanos). The water samples of the two localities were within the limit (Class I -II) for all parameters, except Dardanos temperature (Class III). Although it was not statistically significant, the nuclear abnormality formation in the erythrocytes of the sample from Dardanos was numerically higher than that from the Kavak Delta. The study assessed the impact of pollutants on populations of Emys orbicularis and conducted on -site evaluations and monitoring of genotoxic pollution.
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    Genetic Status of Hemidactylus turcicus (Linnaeus, 1758) from Çanakkale (Türkiye)
    (Pleiades Publishing Inc, 2023) Kalaycı, T. Ergül; Kurtul, D.; Gül, Çiğdem; Tosunoğlu, Murat
    Hemidactylus turcicus is a member of one of the most species-rich reptile genera and is known as an invasive species closely associated with humanized environments. Its phylogeography is often interpreted to be the result of recurrent human-mediated introductions. canakkale is the place that acts as a species corridor for the Anatolia peninsula. Farther, this place is connected with an adjacent island. Here, we tender the genetic structure of H. turcicus from both islands (Bozcaada) and the mainland of canakkale using mtDNA (Cyt b and COI gene regions). We used molecular tools to assess species identity and compare our sequences to a database containing various expertly identified species. We also applied DNA barcoding to report and release our data to the public. DNA barcoding is a reliable way to identify and store data on invasive species. Not surprisingly, specimens from canakkale genetically resemble other Mediterranean conspecifics from Italy, Greece, and Albania. Albeit, we found quite genetic differences between samples from canakkale and Adana. Not all cryptic lineages have been investigated taxonomically in H. turcicus. Researchers should implement genetic monitoring of specimens from its all-distributed area.
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    Genetic variability and population genetic structure in the Caucasian Parsley Frog, Pelodytes caucasicus (Boulenger, 1896) based on microsatellite markers
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Ergül Kalaycı, Tuğba; Gül, Çiğdem
    The Caucasian Parsley Frog, Pelodytes caucasicus (Boulenger, 1896), is endemic to Caucasia, and its population is decreasing. Here, we present information on the genetic structure and diversity of populations from four provinces of Türkiye (Giresun, Trabzon, Rize, and Artvin) using microsatellite markers. Despite their small geographic range, the species’ populations showed moderate genetic differentiation, which could be a result of rapid genetic drift. Our results show that Trabzon and Giresun populations are genetically different from those of Rize and Artvin. We found considerably low genetic diversity in Artvin, Trabzon, and Giresun populations. The inbreeding co-efficient is also high in those localities (HO
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    Genomic variation within Laudakia stellio (Linnaeus, 1758) (Sauria: Agamidae) in Turkey, based on analyses of mitochondrial 12S rRNA sequences
    (2011) Özdemir, Nurhayat; Gül, Çiğdem; Tosunoğlu, Murat
    The starred agama, Laudakia stellio (Linnaeus, 1758) has a wide distribution from Northern Africa to Southeast Europe and Southwest Asia and was thought to form two subspecies, Laudakia stellio-stellio (Linnaeus, 1758) and Laudakia stellio-daani in Turkey. Almog examined specimens from Greece, Aegean Islands and Anatolia for exploring the systematic status of L.s. daani relative to L.s. stellio. They recognized the whole Anatolian populations as L.s. daani indicating that the question of the eastern boundary of the subspecies remains open, Delos and Mykonos populations as L.s. stellio and emphasized the ambiguity of the taxonomic status of South-east Anatolia populations. So partial sequences (404 bp) of the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene of six populations were sequenced to examine the genomic variation of the species in Anatolia. The analyses clearly suggest that two distinct mtDNA lineages exist in Turkey separated by 2.28 and 4.51 % for the 12S rRNA sequences and conclude that the South, Blacksea and Aegean regions may represent L. stellio-daani because morphologically they fit the subspecies L.s. daani, however the southeast region remains to be addressed. © Medwell Journals, 2011.
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    Haematological and Genotoxicological Effects of Water Quality on Pelophylax bedriagae (Camerano, 1882) (Anura: Ranidae) and Mauremys rivulata (Valenciennes, 1833) (Testudines: Geoemydidae) in Canakkale, Turkiye
    (Inst Zoology, Bas, 2024) Boran, Begüm; Gül, Çiğdem
    Haematological and genotoxicological parameters of the Levant green frog Pelophylax bedriagae (Camerano, 1882) and the Western Caspian turtle Mauremys rivulata (Valenciennes, 1833) were studied. These species inhabited two sites with differing water quality in the Sar & imath;Cay Stream passing through the city centre of Canakkale, T & uuml;rkiye. We examined whether the two species were affected by the water quality classes identified based on physical and chemical properties of the water.Statistically significant differences were found between the two sites in terms of the frequencies of micronucleus, lobbed, notched, kidney-shaped and blebbed nuclei, as well as total nuclear abnormality in Pelophylax bedriagae. Moreover, a higher rate of nuclear abnormalities was observed at the more polluted site, classified as water quality class IV. Statistically significant differences were observed in the haematocrit value, percentages of lymphocytes, eosinophils, heterophils and basophils, erythrocyte width and frequencies of lobbed and kidney-shaped nuclei as well as the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, often used as a stress indicator, in Mau-remys rivulata. In this species, it was determined that parameters other than lymphocyte and eosinophil percentages were higher in specimens from the more polluted site.
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    Haematological and Genotoxicological Research on Pelophylax ridibundus and Bufotes variabilis Living Around the Çan (Çanakkale, Turkey)
    (İstanbul Üniversitesi, 2020) Özgül, Ceren Nur; Kurtul, Didem; Gül, Çiğdem
    Haematologic parameters play an important role in the determination of the general health status as well as the physiology of amphibian species and the effects of various stress and poor conditions on some species. With this study, changes in the hematological parameters (red blood cell count, white blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin and mean cell hemoglobin concentration) on an aquatic (Pelophylax ridibundus) and a terrestrial (Bufotes variabilis) amphibian living around the Çan (Çanakkale, Turkey) were presented. Also, to reveal the DNA damage on these two amphibian species, various nuclear abnormalities like micronucleus, binucleated nucleus, lobbed nucleus, blebbed, and notched nucleus were analyzed. As a result of this study, the aquatic amphibian species when compared with the terrestrial amphibian species, significant differences in hemoglobin concentration (U= 22.5; W=88.5; Z= -3.446; p= 0.001), and heterophil count (U=34.00; W=205.00; Z= -3.79; p=0.00) were determined. The hemoglobin concentration of the terrestrial species was found higher while the heterophil count of the aquatic species was higher. Total nuclear abnormalities were found higher on the B. variabilis species but there was not a significant statistical difference. The micronucleus and other nuclear abnormalities of these two amphibian species when compared, the frequency of the notched nucleus was found statistically different. The frequency of the notched nucleus was higher in the B. variabilis species.
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    Morphological Variation ofPelodytes caucasicus Boulenger, 1896 (Anura: Pelodytidae) from Turkey
    (2021) Kalaycı, Tuğba Ergül; Gümüşsoy, Kafiye; Gül, Çiğdem
    The Parsley frog is represented by single species from Anatolia which is called Pelodytes caucasicus. This species is categorized as a near threatened in the conservation list and has very limited distribution along the North East Black Sea and its populations have been poorly studied. In this study, we analyzed morphological variation of 59 specimens from different localities from Anatolia (Artvin; Karagöl, Rize; Çat and Trabzon; Hıdırnebi) unraveled the differences among P. caucasicus populations. For this purpose, we used multivariate analysis such as principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Although there was considerable overlap among morphological variation of localities according to PCA analysis, slight differences were observed in LDA analysis. In PCA analysis, the HW, HL, and SVL are primarily discriminating characters for P. caucasicus. In LDA analysis, the NL, HW, and HL are primarily discriminating characters. This study will contribute to the limited data of P. caucasicus and enlarge the knowledge of geographic variation for P. caucasicus in Anatolia.
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    Prevalence of Haemogregarina stepanowi and Assessment of Some Risk Factors in Mauremys rivulata (Valenciennes, 1833) Freshwater Turtles (Testudines: Geoemydidae)
    (Galenos Publishing House, 2023) Ceylan, Onur; Gül, Çiğdem; Çördük, Nurşen; Doğru, Nurcihan Hacıoğlu; Tosunoğlu, Murat
    Objective: The Balkan terrapin, Mauremys rivulata, is a freshwater turtle. This reptile is exposed to many environmental pollutants and some infectious agents, including Haemogregarina stepanowi parasite. This study was conducted to determine the microscopic prevalence of haemogregarine infection in M. rivulata caught in three different localities (Bozcaada, Gökçeada, and Dardanos) in Çanakkale province of Turkey, and assessment of some risk factors. Methods: Twenty-four blood samples were collected, thin blood smears were prepared, and the presence of haemogregarine parasites microscopically was screened. Water samples were also taken from the habitats, and these samples were analyzed physiochemically and microbiologically. Results: Morphological identification was made by detecting the sausage-shaped intra-cytoplasmic developmental stages of H. stepanowi, and thirteen of twenty-four turtles (54.2%) were found to be infected. The prevalence of H. stepanowi was detected as the highest (90.0%) in the Gökçeada district, where the water pollution is higher than in the other localities. A statistically significant relationship was observed between the distribution of the infection and the gender of the turtles, the temperature of the water, the number of faecal coliforms in water and the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water. A statistically significant difference was found between the localities in terms of the prevalence of H. stepanowi infection, and the infection was primarily detected in the Gökçeada district. Conclusion: This study has significance in providing information regarding haemoparasitic diseases of freshwater turtle, M. rivulata, in Turkey. © 2023 Turkish Society for Parasitology.
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    Taxonomic status of a newly described island population of the smooth newtLissotriton vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758) from Bozcaada (Çanakkale, Turkey)
    (2017) Çördük, Nurşen; Gül, Çiğdem; Tosunoğlu, Murat; Sotıropoulos, Konstantinos
    The taxonomic status and phylogenetic position of the recently recorded smooth newt (Lissotriton vulgaris) population from the island of Bozcaada (Çanakkale, Turkey) is clarified on the basis of morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. The L. vulgaris population from Bozcaada presents body proportions and morphological features of subsp. schmidtlerorum, such as small body length, absence of the tail filament, and dorsal crest with pointed free margin. Similarly, phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA sequences (ND4, 16S rRNA) place the Bozcaada population within Clade E of the recent L. vulgaris phylogeny, which consists of L. v. schmidtlerorum populations.
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    Testicular Morphologies of Two Sympatric Podarcis Species
    (Pleiades Publishing Inc, 2024) Baycan, Bengi; Kurtul, D.; Boran, Begüm; Özgül, C. N.; Gül, Çiğdem; Tosunoğlu, Murat
    The reproductive strategies of reptiles vary according to many factors. In lizards, intraspecific and interspecific competition, and environmental and seasonal factors affect their reproductive biology. This study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of testis sizes in the sympatrically coexisting species, Podarcis muralis and Podarcis tauricus, located in Kof & ccedil;az, K & imath;rklareli, Turkey, considering both intra-species and inter-species variations. Changes in body sizes and testis sizes according to months were monitored. As a result, it was determined that in both species, there was a positive correlation between body size and testis size, and that in P. tauricus, both body and testis sizes were higher compared to P. muralis, showing a significant difference. It was also observed that in the P. muralis species, the testis size reached its peak value in April (mean daily temperature 9.9 degrees C), while in the P. tauricus species, it reached the highest value in May (mean daily temperature 15.5 degrees C). It was found that the testis size in P. muralis reached its lowest value in August (mean daily temperature 23.8 degrees C), while in P. tauricus, it was lowest in September (mean daily temperature 20.2 degrees C). The fact that testis size is high in different months in these two sympatric species suggests that their active breeding periods differ.
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    Türkiye Laudakia steliıo (Linnaeus, 1758) (Sauria: Agamidae) populasyonları üzerinde morfolojik, osteolojik, hematolojik ve ekolojik araştırmalar
    (Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2011) Gül, Çiğdem; Tosunoğlu, Murat
    Bu çalışmada Trakya hariç Türkiye'nin hemen her yerinde dağılış gösteren Agamidae familyasına ait Laudakia stellio populasyonları morfolojik, osteolojik, hematolojik ve ekolojik yönlerden incelenmiştir. Toplanan 173 örnek morfolojik olarak (renk-desen özellikleri, pholidosis, vücut ölçüm, oran ve indeks değerleri) incelenerek populasyonlar arası farklılıklar ortaya konmuştur. Ayrıca farklı lokalitelerden elde edilen 40 örnek osteolojik olarak kalitatif ve kantitatif yönlerden incelenmiş ve türe ait hematolojik özellikler ayrıntılı olarak belirlenmiştir. Türün dağılış gösterdiği lokaliteler ve biotop özellikleri hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir.Sonuç olarak Türkiye'deki tüm populasyonlar morfolojik, osteolojik ve hematolojik olarak benzer olduğu Hatay populasyonlarının ise diğer populasyonlardan ayrıldığı tespit edilmiştir.