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    Age structure and body size of the Strauch’s racerunner, Eremias strauchi strauchi Kessler, 1878
    (2013) Altunışık, Abdullah; Gül, Çiğdem; Özdemir, Nurhayat; Tosunoğlu, Murat; Ergül, Tuğba
    We studied, for the first time, the age structure of Eremias strauchi strauchi (Kessler, 1878) from a sample (18 adults) of a population living in the vicinity of Iğdır (eastern Turkey) using the skeletochronological method. The maximum observed longevity was 7 years for males and 5 years for females. The age of males ranged from 4 to 7 years (mean 4.91, n = 12), while that of females ranged from 4 to 5 years (mean 4.66, n = 6). The average snout–vent length (SVL) was 61.10 mm in males and 60.82 mm in females. The differences in mean age and SVL between sexes were not statistically significant. Intersexual differences in body size were male-biased, but this state was not statistically significant. Age and SVL were positively correlated in both sexes.
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    Biga Çayı (Kocabaş Çayı, Çanakkale)'ndaki Bazı Sucul Amfibi (Pelophylax ridibundus) ve Reptil (Mauremys rivulata, Natrix natrix) Türlerinde Mikrobiyolojik, Hematolojik Ve Ekolojik Araştırmalar
    (2015) Tosunoğlu, Murat; Gül, Çiğdem; Tepeova, Nurdan; Hacıoğlu, Nurcihan; Uysal, İbrahim
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    Blood Cell Types and Abnormalities in Free Ranging Hermann’s Tortoise (Testudo hermanni) Populations from Different Habitats
    (2024) Boran, Begüm; Baycan, Bengi; Gül, Çiğdem; Tosunoğlu, Murat
    Testudo hermanni is considered near threatened globally in the wild. In this study differential leukocyte percentages, nuclear abnormalities, and erythrocyte morphology abnormalities of Testudo hermanni populations from two different habitat types in the Thrace Region were determined to whether habitats have a potential effect on blood cells. A total of 37 tortoises, 18 from an open habitat in Kırklareli/Karakoç, and 19 from an isolated habitat in Edirne/Keşan were studied. According to the results obtained from the Micronucleus Test, which detects genotoxic damage, there was no statistically significant difference between the two habitats. There were statistically significant differences in erythrocyte morphology abnormalities and differential leukocyte count between two populations, such as frequencies of anucleated erythrocyte, nuclear shift, elliptical shape distortion, monocyte and eosinophile percentages. This is the first study examined nuclear abnormalities of Testudo hermanni in Türkiye.
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    Body size and age structure of the Parvilacerta parva (Boulenger, 1887) population from Sivas, Turkey
    (2020) Kalaycı, Tuğba Ergül; Uysal, İbrahim; Gül, Çiğdem; Özdemir, Nurhayat
    Longevity and age of sexual maturity are key life history trait factors directly linked to ecological and evolutionary aspects. In this study, we determined age structure of Parvilacerta parva individuals from Sivas (Turkey) using skeletochronology. The maximum age was found to be seven years for females and six years for males of P. parva. A significant relationship was found between age and body size in individuals whose head length, head width and body length were measured. Additionally, it was seen that there is a significant relationship among body length, head length and head width.
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    Breeding and Cannibalism Behaviours of Captive Coronella austriaca (Colubridae) in a Terrarium
    (2019) Uysal, İbrahim; Gül, Çiğdem; Tosunoğlu, Murat
    Cannibalism involves consuming all or part of another individual of the same species as food. Consuming the same species, or showing cannibalistic behaviour is common in reptiles, especially in snake species. The captured female Coronella austriaca of the Colubridae family was kept in captivity for two months in the terrarium. The female sample fed on one of the offsprings after ovoviviparous delivery. In the following observations it was determined that one of the juvenile individuals fed on another juvenile with similar size. The objective of this study is to provide information about the breeding and cannibalistic behaviour of Coronella austriaca under captivity.
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    Çanakkale civarındaki bazı amfibi türleri üzerinde morfolojik ve hematolojik incelemeler
    (Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2005) Gül, Çiğdem; Tok, Varol
    öz Bu tezde Çanakkale ye civarından toplanan Urodela (Triturus vulgaris) ve Anura türlerinden (Rana ridibunda, Rana dalnıatina, Bufo viridis, Bufo bufo, Hyla arborea, Pelobates syriacus) 104 (60 $c? + 44 ŞŞ) örnekte renk ve desen özellikleri incelenmiştir. 92 (43 <$<$ + 49 Ş Ş) örnekte ise kan hücre sayısı ile büyüklükleri belirlenmiştir. Renk ve desen bakımından incelenen Anura örneklerinde türlere özgü farklı desen tipleri tespit edilmiştir. T. vulgaris türünde kan hücrelerinin sayısı ve büyüklüğü açısından seksüel dimorfizm yoktur. Anura türlerinden daha büyük eritrositlere ancak daha az eritrosit sayısına sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. İncelenen Anura türleri içerisinde en az eritrosit sayısına R ridibunda'da, en fazla eritrosit sayısına B. viridis'aç rastlanmıştır. En küçük eritrosit P. syriacus'da, en büyüğü ise R. ridibunda'da. tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Triturus vulgaris, Rana ridibunda, Rana dalnıatina, Bufo viridis, Bufo bufo, Hyla arborea, Pelobates syriacus, Urodela, Anura, Eritrosit. I
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    Discovery of a new Hepatozoon species namely Hepatozoon viperoi sp. nov. in nose-horned vipers in Turkiye
    (Nature Research, 2023) Ceylan, Onur; Ungari, Leticia Pereira; Gül, Çiğdem; Tosunoğlu, Murat; Baycan, Bengi; O'Dwyer, Lucia Helena
    Although Hepatozoon spp. remains the most prevalent intracellular protozoa infecting snakes, it was reported only in a few snake species of the Colubridae family in Türkiye. Moreover, studies on these hemoparasites are not available in venomous nose-horned vipers from Türkiye. In this study, we investigated Hepatozoon spp. in three individual Vipera ammodytes using morphological and molecular methods. Our results were positive for intraerythrocytic Hepatozoon spp. gamonts in all three snakes, exhibiting low parasitemia. The microscopic findings were further confirmed through molecular data. A genus-specific PCR assay targeting the 18S rRNA gene region of Hepatozoon spp., was performed using HemoF/HemoR and Hep300/Hep900 primers. The obtained sequences were concatenated and used in phylogenetic analyses in comparison with different Hepatozoon species. Although our (OP377741) isolate was separated into a different branch, it was clustered with the isolates of H. massardi (KC342526), H. cevapii (KC342525), and H. annulatum (ON262426) from Brazilian snakes. Moreover, gene similarity and pair-wise distance between our isolate and other Hepatozoon species infecting snakes were found to be 89.30–98.63% and 0.009–0.077, respectively. Hence, we reported a new species of Hepatozoon, namely Hepatozoon viperoi sp. nov. infecting V. ammodytes. Since the literature does not indicate the existence of such a Hepatozoon species in V. ammodytes in different countries, our data may contribute to the expanding knowledge of Hepatozoon species in snakes, providing new insights into the biodiversity of the haemogregarine protozoan parasite.
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    Evaluation of the Effects of Environmental Pollutants on Populations of the European Pond Turtle Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Testudines: Emydidae) at Çanakkale, Türkiye
    (Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2024) Çördük, Nurşen; Gül, Çiğdem; Hacıoğlu Doğru, Nurcihan; Tosunoğlu, Murat
    We evaluated and compared the effects of different environmental pollutants on haematological, microbiological and genotoxic characteristics of populations of the freshwater turtle Emys orbicularis from the Kavak Delta and Dardanos in Çanakkale (NW Türkiye). The haematocrit values of samples of E. orbicularis differed considerably between the two localities: they were higher in the Kavak Delta samples. The mean cell haemoglobin concentration was also significantly different between the two localities (higher in the samples of the Dardanos). The water samples of the two localities were within the limit (Class I-II) for all parameters, except Dardanos temperature (Class III). Although it was not statistically significant, the nuclear abnormality formation in the erythrocytes of the sample from Dardanos was numerically higher than that from the Kavak Delta. The study assessed the impact of pollutants on populations of Emys orbicularis and conducted on-site evaluations and monitoring of genotoxic pollution. © 2024 Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
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    Haematological and Genotoxicological Effects of Water Quality on Pelophylax bedriagae (Camerano, 1882) (Anura: Ranidae) and Mauremys rivulata (Valenciennes, 1833) (Testudines: Geoemydidae) in Çanakkale, Türkiye
    (Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2024) Boran, Begüm; Gül, Çiğdem
    Haematological and genotoxicological parameters of the Levant green frog Pelophylax bedriagae (Camerano, 1882) and the Western Caspian turtle Mauremys rivulata (Valenciennes, 1833) were studied. These species inhabited two sites with differing water quality in the Sarıçay Stream passing through the city centre of Çanakkale, Türkiye. We examined whether the two species were affected by the water quality classes identified based on physical and chemical properties of the water. Statistically significant differences were found between the two sites in terms of the frequencies of micronucleus, lobbed, notched, kidney-shaped and blebbed nuclei, as well as total nuclear abnormality in Pelophylax bedriagae. Moreover, a higher rate of nuclear abnormalities was observed at the more polluted site, classified as water quality class IV. Statistically significant differences were observed in the haematocrit value, percentages of lymphocytes, eosinophils, heterophils and basophils, erythrocyte width and frequencies of lobbed and kidney–shaped nuclei as well as the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, often used as a stress indicator, in Mauremys rivulata. In this species, it was determined that parameters other than lymphocyte and eosinophil percentages were higher in specimens from the more polluted site. © 2024 Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
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    Morphological Variation ofPelodytes caucasicus Boulenger, 1896 (Anura: Pelodytidae) from Turkey
    (2021) Kalaycı, Tuğba Ergül; Gümüşsoy, Kafiye; Gül, Çiğdem
    The Parsley frog is represented by single species from Anatolia which is called Pelodytes caucasicus. This species is categorized as a near threatened in the conservation list and has very limited distribution along the North East Black Sea and its populations have been poorly studied. In this study, we analyzed morphological variation of 59 specimens from different localities from Anatolia (Artvin; Karagöl, Rize; Çat and Trabzon; Hıdırnebi) unraveled the differences among P. caucasicus populations. For this purpose, we used multivariate analysis such as principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Although there was considerable overlap among morphological variation of localities according to PCA analysis, slight differences were observed in LDA analysis. In PCA analysis, the HW, HL, and SVL are primarily discriminating characters for P. caucasicus. In LDA analysis, the NL, HW, and HL are primarily discriminating characters. This study will contribute to the limited data of P. caucasicus and enlarge the knowledge of geographic variation for P. caucasicus in Anatolia.
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    Prevalence of Haemogregarina stepanowi and Assessment of Some Risk Factors in Mauremys rivulata (Valenciennes, 1833) Freshwater Turtles (Testudines: Geoemydidae)
    (Galenos Publishing House, 2023) Ceylan, Onur; Gül, Çiğdem; Çördük, Nurşen; Doğru, Nurcihan Hacıoğlu; Tosunoğlu, Murat
    Objective: The Balkan terrapin, Mauremys rivulata, is a freshwater turtle. This reptile is exposed to many environmental pollutants and some infectious agents, including Haemogregarina stepanowi parasite. This study was conducted to determine the microscopic prevalence of haemogregarine infection in M. rivulata caught in three different localities (Bozcaada, Gökçeada, and Dardanos) in Çanakkale province of Turkey, and assessment of some risk factors. Methods: Twenty-four blood samples were collected, thin blood smears were prepared, and the presence of haemogregarine parasites microscopically was screened. Water samples were also taken from the habitats, and these samples were analyzed physiochemically and microbiologically. Results: Morphological identification was made by detecting the sausage-shaped intra-cytoplasmic developmental stages of H. stepanowi, and thirteen of twenty-four turtles (54.2%) were found to be infected. The prevalence of H. stepanowi was detected as the highest (90.0%) in the Gökçeada district, where the water pollution is higher than in the other localities. A statistically significant relationship was observed between the distribution of the infection and the gender of the turtles, the temperature of the water, the number of faecal coliforms in water and the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water. A statistically significant difference was found between the localities in terms of the prevalence of H. stepanowi infection, and the infection was primarily detected in the Gökçeada district. Conclusion: This study has significance in providing information regarding haemoparasitic diseases of freshwater turtle, M. rivulata, in Turkey. © 2023 Turkish Society for Parasitology.
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    Taxonomic status of a newly described island population of the smooth newtLissotriton vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758) from Bozcaada (Çanakkale, Turkey)
    (2017) Çördük, Nurşen; Gül, Çiğdem; Tosunoğlu, Murat; Sotıropoulos, Konstantinos
    The taxonomic status and phylogenetic position of the recently recorded smooth newt (Lissotriton vulgaris) population from the island of Bozcaada (Çanakkale, Turkey) is clarified on the basis of morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. The L. vulgaris population from Bozcaada presents body proportions and morphological features of subsp. schmidtlerorum, such as small body length, absence of the tail filament, and dorsal crest with pointed free margin. Similarly, phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA sequences (ND4, 16S rRNA) place the Bozcaada population within Clade E of the recent L. vulgaris phylogeny, which consists of L. v. schmidtlerorum populations.
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    Türkiye Laudakia steliıo (Linnaeus, 1758) (Sauria: Agamidae) populasyonları üzerinde morfolojik, osteolojik, hematolojik ve ekolojik araştırmalar
    (Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2011) Gül, Çiğdem; Tosunoğlu, Murat
    Bu çalışmada Trakya hariç Türkiye'nin hemen her yerinde dağılış gösteren Agamidae familyasına ait Laudakia stellio populasyonları morfolojik, osteolojik, hematolojik ve ekolojik yönlerden incelenmiştir. Toplanan 173 örnek morfolojik olarak (renk-desen özellikleri, pholidosis, vücut ölçüm, oran ve indeks değerleri) incelenerek populasyonlar arası farklılıklar ortaya konmuştur. Ayrıca farklı lokalitelerden elde edilen 40 örnek osteolojik olarak kalitatif ve kantitatif yönlerden incelenmiş ve türe ait hematolojik özellikler ayrıntılı olarak belirlenmiştir. Türün dağılış gösterdiği lokaliteler ve biotop özellikleri hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir.Sonuç olarak Türkiye'deki tüm populasyonlar morfolojik, osteolojik ve hematolojik olarak benzer olduğu Hatay populasyonlarının ise diğer populasyonlardan ayrıldığı tespit edilmiştir.
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    Unusual Winter Activity of Some Amphibian and Reptile Species Living in Bozcaada (Çanakkale, Türkiye)
    (2022) Özgül, Ceren Nur; Kurtul, Didem; Gül, Çiğdem; Tosunoğlu, Murat
    Amphibian and reptile species, which are ectothermic animals, spend the winter months underground depending on the seasonal change in temperate regions. The availability of nutrients is also an important reason for the hibernation of these animal species. Ectothermic animals need higher air temperature and body temperature after hibernation to be able to perform their vital activities such as reproduction, feeding, escaping from predators. With the global climate change that is taking place, unusual winter activities can be observed in amphibian and reptile species. In addition, global warming has a significant impact on amphibians and reptiles, which leads to the fact that the species leaves hibernation earlier. As part of the research, field works were carried out in Bozcaada, Çanakkale on 19 and 20 February 2022. During the field studies, sampling was carried out for the detection of amphibian and reptile species, air temperature, coordinates of the observed individuals, habitat characteristics in which they lived, and sex characteristics were recorded. The captured specimens were subsequently released. In this study, Lissotriton schmidtleri, Mauremys rivulata, Testudo graeca, Hemidactylus turcicus, Mediodactylus kotschyi, Ophisops elegans and Ablepharus kitaibelii species in February and data on unusual winter activities were reported. Among the species, winter activity was found for the first time in relation to Ablepharus kitaibelii. Determining the unusual winter activity of ectothermal animals will contribute to the literature on the biology of species and the effects of climate change.