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    Accuracy of 3D Printer Technologies Using Digital Dental Models
    (Galenos Publ House, 2024) Gökmen, Şule; Görgülü, Serkan; Topsakal, Kübra Gülnur; Duran, Gökhan Serhat
    Objective: This study aimed to compare the manufacturing accuracy of different printing techniques - Stereolithography (SLA), Digital Light Processing (DLP), and PolyJet-using digital dental models. Methods: The study included cast models of 30 patients aged between 12 and 20 years. The selected models were scanned using an intraoral scanner, and surface topography format files were obtained. The models were produced from 3D printers with SLA, DLP, and PolyJet technology and scanned with an intraoral scanner. The digital files of the reference and printed models were superimposed with reverse engineering software. Root mean squared (RMS) values and point registration differences were evaluated. Furthermore, digital mesiodistal measurements of the teeth were taken to determine the point registration deviation values. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the measurements. ANOVA was used to evaluate differences between normally distributed data. In addition, a box plot was used to show the variability in the measurements, and the Bland-Altman test was used to examine the agreement between the measurements. Results: According to the digital superimposition data of DLP-SLA-PolyJet technologies, PolyJet had the smallest RMS (0.145 +/- 0.10 mm), followed by DLP and SLA (0.161 +/- 0.12 mm and 0.345 +/- 0.23 mm, respectively). In the mesiodistal dimensional measurement evaluations, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the averages of the main reference and DLP, PolyJet, and SLA measurements for all teeth. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, all three production technologies are clinically usable at the model production stage. However, SLA was found to be less accurate than DLP and PolyJet.
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    Evaluation of the reliability of palatal rugae as a reference area in digital superimposition after slow maxillary expansion treatment
    (Elsevier Inc., 2025) Gökmen, Şule; Topsakal, Kübra Gülnur; Duran, Gökhan Serhat; Görgülü, Serkan
    Introduction This study aimed to evaluate the stability of palatal rugae patterns after slow maxillary expansion (SME) treatment and the reliability of the rugae region as a reference region in digital superimposition. Methods The SME group comprised 21 subjects with Angle Class I or Class II dental malocclusion with unilateral or bilateral crossbite and constricted maxilla and were selected before the pubertal peak. Intraoral scans were captured via the intraoral scanner iTero Element software (version 1.13; Align Technology, San Jose, Calif) before treatment and after completion of 12 rotations of the screw in the expansion appliance. Patients rotated the screw once a week by the established protocol. The digital data of the impressions were analyzed using GOM Inspect 3D analysis software (version 2018; GOM GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany). Dimensional changes in rugae after SME were measured with MeshLab software (version 2022.02, the Visual Computing Lab of CNR-ISTI, Italy). For the statistical analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess normality, whereas the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were applied for group comparisons. Results According to digital superimposition data, the root mean square value of the rugae region in the SME group was found to be 0.195 ± 0.086 mm. The greatest dimensional change was found in the third rugae (1.70 ± 0.42 mm, P <0.001). Post-hoc pairwise comparisons revealed a statistically significant difference between the dimensional changes of the first and third rugae (P <0.05). No statistically significant difference was found as a result of pairwise comparisons of the right and left rugae points (P = 0.083 and P = 0.200, respectively). Conclusions The observed transverse dimensional changes in the rugae, particularly in the third rugae, indicate that caution should be exercised in using the rugae region as a reference in superpositions after SME treatment.