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    ASSESSMENT OF THE DECORATION AND INCISION TECHNIQUES PRACTISED ON THE NEOLITHIC POTTERY FROM BAHÇELİEVLER SETTLEMENT
    (H. Ertuğ ERGÜRER, 2023) Sarıaltun, Savaş; Fidan, Erkan; Ağaç, Sümeyya
    This article aims to reveal the general lines of Fikirtepe Culture pottery found in Bahçelievler settlement of Bilecik province, which was first settled between 7100/7000-6000 BC. Afterwards, the decorations of Bahçelievler pottery reveal their meanings with their typological and diversity, construction technique and line qualities. After this stage, especially under the heading of evaluation, the technical and character analysis of the lines and their anthropological and artistic meanings were tried to be discussed. With this article, the decorations on the pottery found in Bahçelievler Neolithic settlement were classified, and the determined motifs were named one by one to partially remove the confusion in the naming of the decoration of Fikirtepe Culture and to help it gain a particular standard definition. The earliest pottery from Bahçelievler settlement, which is the oldest pottery of Northwestern Anatolia, does not contain any decoration, although it shows some advanced features. In the 6th layer of the settlement, dated between 6600 and 6500 BC, the decoration on the pottery started to be processed and gradually intensified. Considering that both the early history of Bahçelievler and the variety of decorations are more than the standard Fikirtepe settlements, such a situation makes Bahçelievler settlement a key settlement in the region, which is related to the beginning and development of Fikirtepe Culture or Fikirtepe pottery features
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    Preliminary result of archaeological and petrographic classification of Neolithic pottery from Bahçelievler settlement in Northwestern Anatolia
    (10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104387, 2024) Sarıaltun, Savaş; Semiz, Barış; Ağaç, Sümeyya; Fidan, Erkan
    In prehistoric archaeology, pottery is a significant fragment in defining and making sense of the culture. The pottery forms and the differences in the variety of decorations are used together with other archaeological elements in the stratification of the settlement at the local scale. Bahçelievler settlement is located in the southeast of the Marmara Sea and in a mountainous area, unlike many other settlements with similar cultural characteristics. Bahçelievler Neolithic settlement was inhabited for the first time between 7192 and 7052 BCE and continued to be used until 6063–5971 BCE. Therefore, the settlement in question has a crucial role in the beginning and development of the Pottery Neolithic Period, especially in Northwestern Anatolia. Both the differences in form variation and the change in decoration preferences, as well as the changes in undefined stone, limestone, quartz, volcanic rock, basalt, etc. additives, provide meaningful results in the settlement stratigraphy. As a result of petrographic research, Bahçelievler Neolithic potteries are divided into four main groups and are very compatible with the archaeological classification. Clay and clay paste used in pottery are almost entirely consistent with local clays. It has been understood that the tempered material, which is strictly compatible with the geology of the immediate environment, is preferred for pottery. Although different forms and ware groups were selected chronologically to evaluate all the data together, it can be quickly asserted that the samples were of local production.
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    RADIOCARBON DATING EVIDENCE AND CULTURAL SEQUENCING IN CHRONOLOGY OF NEOLITHIC SETTLEMENT AT BILECIK-BAH?ELIEVLER FROM NORTHWEST ANATOLIA
    (Forest Publishing Ltd, 2022) Fidan, Erkan; Sarialtun, Savas; Dogan, Turhan; Secer-Fidan, Sezer; Ilkmen, Erhan
    In this article, the chronological development of the settlement at Bilecik-Bahcelievler is defined by evaluating the radiocarbon dates; and the place of material culture found in the settlement is discussed within the chronology. Radiocarbon measurements should be used in statistical methods to obtain a more consistent and usable graphic chronologically for settlement. The most widely used calibration method is Bayesian statistics, which uses the information from the 14C analysis results graph curve. This article provides an overview of the culture in addition to the statistical components used in the chronological analysis. Calibrated ageing data used in both the creation of C-14 graphs and the bayesian model were performed by TuBITAK Members using the latest version of OxCal software and some classifications were made. Bahcelievler settlement, inhabited between approximately 7100 BC and 6000 BC, can be claimed to be a settlement where the earliest results of the Neolithic Period in Western Anatolia have been obtained. In addition, the archaeological and chronological findings offer a solution to the historical problem of where the first pottery in Northwest Anatolia was made, as well as provide information about the beginning and development of Fikirtepe Culture, which is the dominant cultural period of the area in question. Twenty C14 dating data were published for the first time in this study. In addition, Bayesian statistical modelling was also carried out using the AMS dating of the three layers from the Bahcelievler. According to AMS dating and pottery data, the Bahcelievler settlement is the earliest site in Northwest Anatolia and also it was inhabited for about a thousand years. In this context, the Bahcelievler settlement provides significant contributions to the chronology of the Northwest Anatolian Neolithic Period. All the dating results presented in this study are essential evaluations and interpretations of the change in the cultural stages of the settlement and the Northwest Anatolian Neolithic process.