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Öğe A GIS-based land evaluation model for peach cultivation by using AHP: a case study in NW Turkey(Springer, 2022) Everest, Timucin; Gur, EnginCrop-based land suitability studies constitute an important component of precision and sustainable agricultural practices. In this study, a model was created to determine suitable lands for peach farming with the use of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The land suitability model was carried out in Derekolu region of Bayramic town of canakkale province. Within the scope of the study, a total of 12 parameters, namely soil depth, soil texture, EC, pH, organic matter content, CaCO3 content, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, elevation, aspect, and slope, were used. Present assessments revealed that of the assessed lands, 367.50 ha was highly suitable, 7085.25 ha moderately suitable, 6341.25 ha marginally suitable, and 378.50 ha not suitable for peach cultivation. Texture, slope, and CaCO3 content were respectively identified as the most effective factors in peach cultivation. The combined use of AHP and GIS techniques in the identification of suitable lands for peach farming facilitated assessments and provided significant advantages in terms of time and economic aspects. Further research is recommended to test the validity of the present model for different geographies under different climate and soil conditions.Öğe Applying multivariate statistics for identification of groundwater resources and qualities in NW Turkey(Springer, 2019) Everest, Timucin; Ozcan, HasanThis study, performed in Canakkale-Ezine in NW of Turkey, analyzes the physicochemical properties of 37 groundwater wells. These 37 wells were chosen to represent each geological unit in the study area. The main purpose of the study and its contribution to the literature is to produce information about the resources and availability of groundwater by using multivariate statistical methods and lithology. For determination hydrochemical facies of groundwater, Piper trilinear diagram was used. Gibbs diagram was applied for determining the mechanism of groundwater chemistry and diagram showed that the interaction of rock-water is more dominant in the study area. Multivariate statistics were applied to physicochemical properties for identification origins of waters. According to the Piper diagram, 16 of the wells were identified as Ca-HCO3 type, 13 of them as Ca-Cl type, 5 of them as mixed Ca-Mg-Cl type, 2 of them as Na-Cl type, and 1 as Ca-Na-HCO3 type. In the study with the purpose of determining the resources of groundwater, the physicochemical properties of the wells are analyzed with hierarchical cluster (HCA) and non-hierarchical cluster (K-means) methods, and the resources are associated with the lithology based on these methods. A total of 37 wells are divided into five different clusters through the HCA method. Further, for the interpretation of the resources of the groundwater, the facies of the waters on the Piper diagram are evaluated based on the five clusters generated through the HCA method and on the lithology. In the study, the results obtained from the K-means method are not significant and in line with the lithology for the interpretation of the resources of the groundwater. In conclusion, this study with limited dataset reveals that using HCA method is very effective to identify the origins of groundwater and present the association with lithology.Öğe Assessment of the soil fertility in Biga Peninsula (NW), Turkiye: an agro-geologic approach(Springer, 2025) Koparan, Hakan; Ozcan, Hasan; Everest, Timucin; Sungur, AliThe aim of this study was, firstly, to determine the soil fertility potential, secondly, to summarize an inventory of agromineral resources using an agrogeological approach in Biga Peninsula. Soil texture, soil reaction, electrical conductivity, soil organic matter, CaCO3%, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium analysis were conducted on 1877 soil samples. The results were mapped and interpreted in conjunction with the geological map for agrogeological evaluation. The approach was validated with spatial autocorrelation analysis. pH values ranged from 4 to 5 in 0.69% of the study area, whereas those pH > 8 were found in 3.89%. Depending on the soil requirements of the land use type, material transfer from locations rich in lime to areas with low pH is recommended. While some areas exhibit high nutrient element contents, others, despite being under similar land use, show nutrient deficiencies due to parent material. Phosphorus levels were found to be very low in 0.32% of the total area, whereas approximately 37% exhibited high to very high phosphorus content. Similarly, potassium levels were very low in 4.95%, while 12.5% of the area showed high to very high potassium levels. Moran's I values for CaCO3, phosphorus, and potassium were 0.603, 0.300, 0.447, respectively, indicating spatial autocorrelation. This study identified potential zones in Biga Peninsula, where particularly potassium and phosphorus-rich materials could be transferred from high areas to areas of deficiency. The applications should be utilized on organic farmland, smallholder farms, land requiring rehabilitation, degraded areas, and pastureland, rather than on large areas.Öğe Determination of chemical weathering and profile development indexes of soils formed on volcanic rocks in the Biga Peninsula, NW Türkiye(Elsevier, 2025) Everest, Timucin; Erenoglu, Oya; Acar, Tugba Sokut; Temel, Erdem; Sungur, Ali; Ozcan, HasanChemical weathering and profile development indexes of soils formed on Ayvacik volcanites (pyroclastic, basalt, andesite, and ignimbrite) in the SW of Biga Peninsula were investigated in this study. Eight soil profiles (two representing each rock type) were excavated on soils formed on pyroclastic, basalt, andesite, and ignimbrite rocks. The profiles were described according to the Soil Survey Manual and classified according to the Soil Taxonomy and the World Reference Base (WRB). Within the study, morphological observations, physicochemical, oxide, and mineralogical analyses were conducted, thin-section interpretations were carried out, and chemical weathering and profile development indexes (PDI) were calculated. In addition, statistical analyses were performed on all data. Chemical index of alteration-CIA, Parker weathering index-WIP, chemical index of weathering-CIW, plagioclase index of alteration-PIA, silica-titania index-STI, bases/R2O3, product index-PWI, Vogt index-V and Ruxton ratio-R were calculated. Relationships between chemical weathering and profile development indexes were tested with multiple statistical evaluations. According to the results of multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) the effects between chemical weathering indexes and PDI were statistically significant with CIA, WIP, CIW, PWI, and V weathering indexes. In contrast, the impacts of PIA, STI, Bases/R2O3, and R weathering indexes were not significant. These relationships between chemical weathering and PDI were supported by thin section and mineralogical analysis. With the integration of PDI and chemical weathering indexes, WIP was found to be the most suitable weathering index for evaluating soils formed on pyroclastic and basalt rocks, while PWI was found to be suitable for andesite and ignimbrite rocks. These findings provide a robust framework for selecting appropriate weathering indexes tailored to specific volcanic rocks in pedogenetic studies.Öğe Ecological risk assessment for protected areas: Case of Troia Historical National Park, Canakkale - Turkey(Parlar Scientific Publications, 2017) Everest, Timucin; Tasli, Tulay Cengiz; Akbulak, Cengiz; Sungur, AliAn ecological risk assessment of the Troia Historical National Park (THNP), which is under protected status and has an important and fragile ecosystem, was carried out in this research study. The effects of available practices in THNP on soil potential, water potential, and biotope potential, which were determined as ecological potentials, were investigated in the study. The usability of potentials, the intensity of the negative effects on these potentials, and their susceptibility to these negative effects were determined, and ecologically at-risk areas were analyzed by correlating these variables. The findings showed that most adversely affected and at the highest risk were the soil potential, biotope potential, and water potential, respectively. The area at the highest risk of all the researched potentials was revealed to be the salt marshes, located in the north of the research area and considered as an ecologically vulnerable area. © by PSP.Öğe ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR PROTECTED AREAS: CASE OF TROIA HISTORICAL NATIONAL PARK, CANAKKALE - TURKEY(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2017) Everest, Timucin; Tasli, Tulay Cengiz; Akbulak, Cengiz; Sungur, AliAn ecological risk assessment of the Troia Historical National Park (THNP), which is under protected status and has an important and fragile ecosystem, was carried out in this research study. The effects of available practices in THNP on soil potential, water potential, and biotope potential, which were determined as ecological potentials, were investigated in the study. The usability of potentials, the intensity of the negative effects on these potentials, and their susceptibility to these negative effects were determined, and ecologically at-risk areas were analyzed by correlating these variables. The findings showed that most adversely affected and at the highest risk were the soil potential, biotope potential, and water potential, respectively. The area at the highest risk of all the researched potentials was revealed to be the salt marshes, located in the north of the research area and considered as an ecologically vulnerable area.Öğe Environmental Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Agricultural Soils of Bayramiç-Çanakkale, NW Türkiye(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2025) Temel, Erdem; Gur, Engin; Everest, Timucin; Sungur, Ali; Ozcan, Hasan; Soylak, MustafaThis study was carried out to identify the total heavy metal concentrations of agricultural soils of Bayrami & ccedil; district of & Ccedil;anakkale province and to reveal their potential environmental risks. For this purpose, the total concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the samples collected from the study area were determined. Contamination factor, enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index, and pollution load index were calculated for pollution levels and risk assessment. Spatial distribution maps of heavy metal concentrations and risk indices were generated using geographic information systems technologies. Among the heavy metals, the mean concentrations were observed as follows: Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cd. It was observed that the average concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Mn metals were higher than the world soil averages. Among these heavy metals, Cd and Cu have significant pollution risk according to the contamination Factor, moderate pollution risk according to the enrichment factor, and moderate pollution risk according to the geoaccumulation index. In the statistical evaluation, a statistically strong positive relationship was identified between Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn metals and clay content.Öğe Impact of urbanization on soil loss: a case study from sod production(Springer, 2020) Parlak, Mehmet; Everest, Timucin; Ruis, Sabrina J.; Blanco, HumbertoThe rapidly increasing population of urban centers leads to the increasing need for greenspaces. Sodding of turfgrass provides instant greenspace, but it removes soil from sod farms. The extent of such removal has not been widely quantified. The amount quantity of soil and organic matter lost with sod harvest and the associated cost of nutrients lost from six sod farms in the Marmara region of Turkey were determined. Soil loss ranged from 166 to 243 Mg ha(-1)year(-1), while the associated organic matter loss ranged from 1 to 6 Mg ha(-1)year(-1). The amount of soil loss increased with increases in gravimetric water, clay, and silt contents, and duration under sod harvest, while it decreased with an increase in sand content. Annual nutrient lost ranged from 117 to 449 kg ha(-1)for N, from 2 to 18 kg ha(-1)for P2O5, and from 21 to 175 kg ha(-1)for K2O. Replacing the nutrient lost would cost about $134 ha(-1)year(-1)for sandy soils and $444 ha(-1)year(-1)for fine-textured soils. Soil lost with sod harvest was 134 times higher than that from agricultural lands by erosion in the region, although the area under sod production is much smaller than that under croplands. Similarly, organic matter loss was 4 to 5 times higher than the accumulation rate under established turfgrass in golf courses and lawns in locations with similar climate. Overall, sod harvesting results in significant and costly soil, organic matter, and nutrient loss, which, although small in area, can be an important component of total soil erosion.Öğe PRIORITIZATION OF KARAMENDERES BASIN'S GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL WITH MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSES (IN SEMI-ARID CLIMATIC CONDITIONS CANAKKALE, TURKEY)(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Everest, TimucinThis study was conducted in Karamenderes Basin (KMB), Canakkale-NW Turkey. Possible storage areas of groundwater in the basin were prioritized by using morphometric data, digital elevation model (DEM), topographic maps, geological maps, satellite image, and geographic information systems (GIS). Six sub-basins were identified as a result of the interpretation of all the cartographic materials. After the calculations which made for the all sub-basins it was determined that which sub-basins have the highest potential to storage the groundwater. Sub-basins compared with each other. According to these data, (SubW-3) and (SubW-2) having geological impermeable lithology and more hard rocks, low bifurcation ration (Br), high drainage density (Dd) and stream frequency (Fs) were identified to have the lowest repository potential for groundwater. On the contrary, (SubW-4) and (SubW-1), which have higher drainage density (Dd) and stream frequency (Fs) and lower bifurcation ratio (Br), generally formed on quaternary alluvium, clastic limestone and marl, have a higher potential for storing groundwater. CORINE land cover map showed that areas which have higher groundwater storage potential under agricultural usages.Öğe Remote Sensing-Driven FUCOM Approach for Identifying Suitable Peach Cultivation Sites(Springer, 2025) Yener, Abdulkadir; Ozcan, Hasan; Everest, Timucin; Sungur, AliLand evaluation studies are strategically significant for effectively utilizing agricultural lands, which are rapidly decreasing due to degradation and misuse. The primary objective of this study was to determine the suitability of Umurbey Plain lands in Lapseki district of & Ccedil;anakkale province in NW T & uuml;rkiye for peach cultivation. For this purpose, a new approach has been applied. To determine the relative importance criteria, the full consistency method (FUCOM) was used for weight calculation. Afterward, land suitability classifications were validated using the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from Sentinel-2A (MSI) satellite images. With the presented model, the accuracy assessment was developed to a higher level. Thirdly, a total of 24 peach orchards were evaluated with NDVI data at the variety level, including varieties ripening in the last week of June ('Royal Glory'), the second week of July ('Extreme July'), the first week of August ('Gloheaven') and the first week of September ('Abdos'). In the study area, 9.61% of the lands were classified as highly suitable, 20.02% as moderately suitable, 51.04% as marginally suitable and 19.33% as not suitable. The accuracy assessment of the presented model showed that the vegetation period and land suitability classes of peach varieties were highly accurate. As a result, the NDVI reflectance characteristics of the varieties 'Royal Glory', 'Extreme July', 'Gloheaven' and 'Abdos' were found to be highly consistent with the land suitability classes. The study revealed that using remote sensing-driven FUCOM and GIS integration in land evaluation studies is highly beneficial for precision and sustainable agriculture. It is recommended that the model approach in this study be tested under similar climatic conditions and in different geographical regions by evaluating different peach and other plant varieties.Öğe Soil losses due to leek and groundnut root crop harvesting: An unstudied regional problem in Turkey(Wiley, 2022) Parlak, Mehmet; Everest, Timucin; Tuncay, Tulay; Caballero-Calvo, Andres; Rodrigo-Comino, JesusSoil loss from root crops is an increasingly significant problem studied for some species, such as potatoes, sugar beets, carrots, celery, and onions. It reduces soil fertility and, subsequently, soil productivity. For leek (Allium porrum) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), however, there is little information to date. More research on this topic could help farmers reduce the process of soil degradation. In some countries, such as Turkey, the production of these crops is perennial to supporting rural communities and ensuring food security. Therefore, it is important to quantify soil losses from leek and groundnut crops in Turkey. This study investigated the factors affecting soil losses and the cost of nutrients lost with the transported soil by analyzing randomly selected plants from 45 harvested leek and groundnut plots. Our results showed that soil losses reached 3.99 Mg ha(-1) per harvest for leek and 1.04 Mg ha(-1) for groundnut. Prevailing soil moisture explained 59% of the variability in the leek harvest and soil texture and bulk density for leek yield at harvest. In the groundnut harvest, 53% of the variability was explained by antecedent soil moisture and clay fraction for the groundnut yield at the time of harvest. The estimated annual cost of nutrients losses was $US 3.75 ha(-1) for leek and $US 0.76 ha(-1) for groundnut. It can be concluded that leek and groundnut harvesting causes soil and nutrient losses with considerable economic costs. Therefore, awareness should be raised among farmers and users. In addition, policymakers should consider the management of soil loss by crop harvesting (SLCH) processes.Öğe Sustainable site selection for a cooperative dairy factory in NW Türkiye(Global Network Environmental Science & Technology, 2025) Everest, Bengu; Everest, TimucinThe world population is increasing, and agricultural products are strategically crucial for feeding the growing world population. In developed countries, cooperatives serve as an essential tool to ensure the sustainability of agricultural production and reduce costs. In T & uuml;rkiye, cooperatives play a limited role in controlling the agricultural product market. There are many dairy cooperatives in T & uuml;rkiye, but they are often ineffective in processing and marketing milk effectively. This study was conducted in & Ccedil;anakkale, NW T & uuml;rkiye. In this study, an approach was proposed to enable dairy cooperatives to select suitable sites for establishing a dairy factory. With this proposed approach, milk production quantity, population, land characteristics (land use capability classification (LUCC), and environmental conditions (solar energy potential) were used as main criteria. The Best Worst Method (BWM), a newly developed multi-criteria decision-making method (MCDM), was employed to determine the weights of the selected criteria. A geographical information system (GIS) was used to produce the final suitability map. Based on the BWM calculations, milk production quantity was identified as the most effective factor (46.55%), followed by population (25.86%), land use capability classification (17.24%), and photovoltaic potential (10.35%). The suitability analysis revealed that the Biga district was the most suitable location for establishing a dairy processing plant. The significance of the Biga district lies in its high milk production, large population, and well-established infrastructure that supports milk processing and marketing activities. The novel approach of this study is the integration of milk production, population, land use, and renewable energy potential through a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) method within a GIS environment, providing a guideline for the sustainable milk processing capacities of agricultural cooperatives. By considering photovoltaic potential and the utilization of marginal lands, the study emphasizes the importance of renewable energy and land conservation in dairy processing, thereby ensuring long-term environmental and economic benefits. Prioritizing sustainable and cooperative-oriented development contributes to T & uuml;rkiye's efforts to strengthen its agricultural sector. The data produced by this study can be utilized by politicians, decision-makers, cooperative members, farmers, and other relevant stakeholders.
