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    Anthropogenetically triggered landslide factors of the Varyant landslide area at Büyükcekmece, NW Turkey
    (Schweizerbart Science Publishers, 2006) Ertek, T.A.; Erginal, A.E.
    Since early 1950s many natural conditioning factors and human interference have given rise to landslides near heavily populated settlement areas at the western part of İstanbul, NW of Turkey. Both human involvement and heavy rainfall have a great impact as triggering factors over the Varyant landslide area (VLA). The onset of the landslide activity in VLA began in 1950's after the construction of E-5 motorway, at the east of Büyükçekmece Lake. A linkage way to E-5 motorway was built near the drainage divide of Çakmakli Creek catchment has already been causing some disturbance to the slope stability. Excavation activities were carried out in order to get materials for building of the Büyükçekmece Dam, do form one of the important drinking water sources of Istanbul. A great amount of materials were derived from the accumulation zone of the above-mentioned old landslide area with nearly 1 km length and the excavations heightened the slope failures. Following the construction of the Büyükçekmece Dam in 1989, a water pipe-line was installed within a landslide body, resulted in some new slope movements. Finally, a pipe-line-induced destructive landslide occurred on 2nd February 2000, causing a great economic damage of nearly US $ 5.5 million. In the present study, both natural conditioning factors and human-induced processes creating slope failures have been discussed. Considering all effective factors, the human interference and rainfall impact have together been evaluated as two dominant triggering factors. © 2006 Gebrüder Borntraeger.