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Öğe Authors reply to Letter to the Editor-In response to: Ersan I, Kilic S, Arikan S, et al. Evaluation of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer and choroid in psoriasis patients using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2017) Ersan, Ismail; Kilic, Sevilay; Arikan, Sedat; Kara, Selcuk; Isik, Selda; Gencer, Baran; Ogretmen, Zerrin[Anstract Not Available]Öğe Blood gas analyzer utility in evaluating oxygen kinetics of the aqueous humor(Consel Brasil Oftalmologia, 2015) Ersan, Ismail; Arikan, Sedat; Toman, Huseyin; Kara, Selcuk; Gencer, Baran; Erbas, Mesut; Tufan, Hasan AliPurpose: To measure the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) and carbon dioxide (PCO2) and the pH of aqueous humor (AH) and arterial blood samples from rabbits using a blood gas analyzer. Methods: Twenty New Zealand rabbits were anesthetized intramuscularly with ketamine and xylazine and were then allowed to breathe room air. Using a gas blood analyzer, arterial blood and AH samples were analyzed for PO2, PCO2, and pH. Results: The mean arterial blood pressure was 87.14 +/- 15.0 mmHg. The mean blood and AH PO2 were 95.18 +/- 11.76 mmHg and 88.83 +/- 9.92 mmHg, the mean blood and AH PCO2 were 25.86 +/- 5.46 mmHg and 29.50 +/- 5.36 mmHg, and the mean blood and AH pH were 7.38 +/- 0.06 and 7.33 +/- 0.09, respectively. Conclusions: The blood gas analyzer was easily employed to evaluate the aqueous humor in rabbits. When comparing the results of studies evaluating aqueous PO2, care should be taken to determine the methods used in these studies.Öğe Corneal thickness of eyes with unilateral age-related macular degeneration(Sage Publications Ltd, 2015) Arikan, Sedat; Ersan, Ismail; Kara, Selcuk; Gencer, Baran; Korkmaz, Safak; Vural, Azer SaraPurpose: To compare the central corneal thicknesses (CCT), peripheral corneal thicknesses, and corneal volumes (CV) of the 2 eyes of patients with unilateral age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: Twenty patients who were diagnosed with unilateral AMD were included in this prospective study for the purpose of making comparison between the diseased and healthy eyes. Optical coherence tomography and fundus fluorescein angiography imaging were applied to all patients in order to confirm and reveal the presence of unilateral AMD. Then, the measurements of CCT, peripheral corneal thickness measured 4 mm distant from the center of the cornea (4 mm CT), and CV of each eye of these patients were obtained through the rotating Scheimpflug corneal topographer. Results: Wilcoxon signed-rank test did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference between the 2 eyes of patients with unilateral AMD when we compared the CCT and CV of diseased and healthy eyes (p>0.05). However, 4 mm CT of the diseased eyes of these patients were statistically significantly thicker than the healthy eyes (p<0.05). Conclusions: The significant difference in terms of 4 mm CT between the diseased and healthy eyes of patients with unilateral AMD may demonstrate the possible effect of peripheral corneal thickness on the development of AMD.Öğe Does Retinal Neurodegeneration Seen in Diabetic Patients Begin in the Insulin Resistance Stage?(Turkish Ophthalmological Soc, 2016) Arikan, Sedat; Ersan, Ismail; Eroglu, Mustafa; Yilmaz, Mehmet; Tufan, Hasan Ali; Gencer, Baran; Kara, SelcukObjectives: To investigate whether retinal neurodegeneration and impairment in contrast sensitivity (CS), which have been demonstrated to begin in diabetic patients before the presence of signs of diabetic retinal vasculopathy, also occur in the stage of insulin resistance. Materials and Methods: The average, minimum and sectoral (inferior, superior, inferonasal, superonasal, inferotemporal and superotemporal) thicknesses of the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) measured using optical coherence tomography were compared between an insulin-resistant group and control group in order to evaluate the presence of retinal neurodegeneration. The CS of the two groups was also compared according to the logarithmic values measured at spatial frequencies of 1.5, 3, 6, 12 and 18 cycles per degree in photopic light using functional acuity contrast test (FACT). Results: Twenty-five eyes of 25 patients with insulin resistance (insulin resistant group) and 25 eyes of 25 healthy subjects (control group) were included in this study. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in any of the spatial frequencies in the FACT. The mean average GCIPL thickness and mean GCIPL thickness in the inferotemporal sector were significantly less in the insulin-resistant group when compared with the control group (mean average GCIPL thicknesses in the insulin-resistant and control groups were 83.6 +/- 4.7 mu m and 86.7 +/- 3.7 mu m respectively, p = 0.01; mean inferotemporal GCIPL thicknesses in the insulinresistant and control groups were 83 +/- 6.0 mu m and 86.7 +/- 4.6 mu m respectively, p = 0.02). Conclusion: Although it may not lead to functional visual impairment such as CS loss, the retinal neurodegeneration seen in diabetic patients may begin in the insulin resistance stage.Öğe Effect of Reduced Meal Frequency during Ramadan Fasting on Retinal and Choroidal Thickness(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2017) Ersan, Ismail; Tufan, Hasan Ali; Arikan, Sedat; Kara, Selcuk; Gencer, Baran; Hondur, Ahmet MuratPurpose: To evaluate the effects of Ramadan fasting on central foveal thickness (CFT) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in healthy individuals using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). Materials and Methods: The EDI-OCT scans of 42 healthy individuals obtained after about 12 hours of fasting on at least the twenty-first consecutive day of fasting were compared to scans of the same patients taken one month after the last day they had fasted. Results: CFT values were similar for both time periods (p > 0.05). The SFCT was significantly higher after consecutive fasting days towards the end of Ramadan, compared to the SFCT after one month of no fasting (one month after Ramadan ended) (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Ramadan fasting may lead to a significant increase in subfoveal choroidal thickness without affecting the central foveal thickness.Öğe Effect of Systemically Used Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor- Medication on the Corneal Epithelium and Stroma of Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2017) Arikan, Sedat; Gokmen, Ferhat; Ersan, Ismail; Akbal, Ayla; Resorlu, Hatice; Gencer, Baran; Ali Tufan, HasanPurpose: To evaluate the effect of systemically used anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) medication on the thickness of corneal epithelium and stroma in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods: A total of 125 eyes of 69 participants were included in this retrospective study of three groups: healthy participants (Group 1), AS patients receiving anti-TNF-alpha medication (Group 2), and AS patients receiving a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication (Group 3). Results: According to anterior segment optical coherence tomography, the mean thickness of the corneal epithelium was significantly thicker in Group 2 than in Group 3 (51.6 +/- 3.2 mu m versus 50.4 +/- 3 mu m, p = 0.01), as was that of the stroma (475 +/- 33 mu m versus 443 +/- 29 mu m, p = 0.002). Conclusions: Anti-TNF-alpha medication and/or avoidance of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs could improve the thickness of both the corneal epithelium and stroma in AS patients.Öğe Effect of Topically Applied Azithromycin on Corneal Epithelial and Endothelial Apoptosis in a Rat Model of Corneal Alkali Burn(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2016) Arikan, Sedat; Karaca, Turan; Ertekin, Yusuf Haydar; Comez, Arzu Taskiran; Ersan, Ismail; Demirtas, Selim; Elmas, SaitPurpose: To investigate the antiapoptotic effect of topically administered azithromycin (AZM) on corneal epithelial and endothelial cells in a rat model of corneal alkali burn. Methods: Twenty-four Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 equal groups as pseudovehicle (group 1), control (group 2), alkali burned (group 3), and treatment (group 4) groups. Alkali injury was induced only in the right corneas of rats belonging to groups 3 and 4 using 1N NaOH. The rats in group 3 and the rats in group 4 were respectively treated either with an artificial tear gel or with 1.5% AZM eye drops for 5 days. At the fifth day of the experiment, the apoptosis in the corneal epithelium and endothelium of all rats was assessed using a terminal dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. In addition, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) density in the corneal epithelium was measured in all rats. Results: The mean numbers of TUNEL+ cells in the corneal epithelium and endothelium of rats in group 3 were 117.1 +/- 23.8 and 34.6.+/- 11.3, respectively, whereas in group 4, they were 75.8 +/- 15.7 and 14.7 +/- 3.5, respectively. Also the mean TNF-alpha densities in the corneal epithelium in group 3 and group 4 were 2.65 +/- 1.3 and 1.65 +/- 1.1, respectively. There was a significant decrease in the mean number of TUNEL+ cells in the corneal epithelium and endothelium and in the mean TNF-alpha density in the corneal epithelium of rats in group 4, when compared with group 3. Conclusions: Topically applied AZM can decrease TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in corneal alkali burn.Öğe Evaluation of Macular Ganglion Cell-inner Plexiform Layer and Choroid in Psoriasis Patients Using Enhanced Depth Imaging Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2017) Ersan, Ismail; Kilic, Sevilay; Arikan, Sedat; Kara, Selcuk; Isik, Selda; Gencer, Baran; Ogretmen, ZerrinPurpose: To evaluate changes in the thickness of the central macula, macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL), and subfoveal choroid in patients with psoriasis using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods: The measurements of macular, mGCIPL thicknesses and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) obtained by SD-OCT of psoriasis patients (n = 46). These measurements were compared with those of 50 healthy controls. Results: The macular, mGCIPL, and choroidal thicknesses did not differ between the controls and psoriatic subjects (p>0.05). When the patients were divided into two distinct groups, only the SFCT was significantly thicker in the severe psoriasis group compared with the mild psoriasis group (p = 0.003). Conclusions: These findings suggest that choroidal alterations are seen without macular changes in patients with psoriasis. Severe psoriasis appears to be related to increases in SFCT as a consequence of possible inflammatory cascades that are part of the disease's pathogenesis.Öğe Evaluation of ocular surface epithelial and stromal thicknesses in psoriasis using anterior segment optical coherence tomography(Springer, 2022) Ersan, Ismail; Kilic, Sevilay; Isik, SeldaPurpose To evaluate the epithelial and stromal thicknesses of conjunctiva and cornea in psoriatic patients with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), Methods In this cross-sectional study, 61 patients with psoriasis and 42 age-matched, healthy individuals were enrolled. The epithelial and stromal thicknesses of both inferotemporal bulbar conjunctiva and central cornea were measured using AS-OCT. Results Both the tear breakup time and Schirmer-1 test values were significantly lower in the psoriasis group compared with the controls (p < 0.05). The epithelial thickness of conjunctiva and cornea did not differ between psoriasis and control groups (p > 0.05). The central corneal stroma was significantly thicker in the psoriasis group (p = 0.04). PASI was positively correlated with the thickness of central cornea stroma (r = 0.442, p = 0.006) in the nail psoriasis group. Conclusions Psoriasis is not associated with altered epithelial thicknesses of the cornea and conjunctiva. It is accompanied by the stromal thickening of the cornea without conjunctival stromal involvement.Öğe Intraocular lens explantation or exchange: indications, postoperative interventions, and outcomes(Consel Brasil Oftalmologia, 2015) Oltulu, Refik; Ersan, Ismail; Satirtav, Gunhal; Donbaloglu, Meryem; Kerimoglu, Hurkan; Ozkagnici, AhmetPurpose: To analyze the indications for explantation or exchange of intraocular lenses (IOLs), which were originally implanted for the correction of aphakia during cataract extraction. Methods: All cases that involved intraocular lens explantation or exchange in one institution between January 2008 and December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: In total, 93 eyes of 93 patients were analyzed. The median time interval between implantation and explantation of the anterior chamber intraocular lenses (AC IOL) and posterior chamber intraocular lenses (PC IOL) was 83.40 +/- 83.14 months (range: 1-276 months) and 55.14 +/- 39.25 months (range: 1-168 months), respectively. Pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (17 eyes, 38.6%) and persistent iritis (12 eyes, 27.8%) in the AC IOL group and dislocation or decentration (30 eyes, 61.2%) and incorrect IOL power (nine eyes, 18.4%) in the PC IOL group were the most common indications for explantation of IOLs. The mean logMAR best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved significantly from 1.30 preoperatively to 0.62 postoperatively in the PC IOL group (p<0.001) but did not improve significantly in the AC IOL group (p=0.186). Conclusions: The primary indication for IOL explantation or exchange was pseudophakic bullous keratopathy in the AC IOL group and was dislocation or decentration in the PC IOL group. PC IOL explantation or exchange is safe and improves visual acuity.Öğe Megaloblastic anemia-associated retinopathy: A rare case(Gazi Eye Foundation, 2024) Arican, Esra; Okur, Yusuf Emre; Iseri, Beril; Turgut, Burak; Ersan, IsmailAnemia is a common hematologic disorder that can manifest with retinal involvement. As the severity of anemia increases, the incidence of retinal findings such as flame shape hemorrhages, roth spots, and venous dilatation also increases. In this case, a 51-year-old male patient presented with decreased vision in the left eye. A dilated fundus examination revealed findings consistent with anemic retinopathy. Upon further evaluation, the patient was found to have pancytopenia and was diagnosed with megaloblastic anemia after ruling out other systemic diseases. The aim of this case is to keep in mind the possible causes of retinal hemorrhage and to preserve visual acuity through appropriate treatment. Copyright © 2024 The author(s).Öğe Non-invasive assessment of corneal and conjunctival deterioration in soft contact lens users using anterior segment optical coherence tomography(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Ersan, Ismail; Arikan, Sedat; Kara, Selcuk; Gencer, Baran; Koklu, Asiye; Tufan, Hasan AliBackground The aim was to evaluate the corneal and bulbar conjunctival thicknesses of soft contact lens (SCL) wearers using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Methods The epithelial and overall thicknesses of both the central cornea and the infero-temporal bulbar conjunctiva of SCL wearers (30 subjects) were obtained by Cirrus HD-OCT and compared with those of refraction-matched controls (30 subjects) and patients with emmetropia (30 subjects). Results The mean corneal epithelial thicknesses in SCL wearing, spectacle-wearing and emmetropic groups were 48.97 +/- 5.45, 52.18 +/- 4.84 and 53.18 +/- 5.05 mu m, respectively. The corneal epithelium of members of the SCL group was significantly thinner than in both the spectacles and emmetropic groups (p = 0.044 and 0.006, respectively), whereas the central corneal thickness did not differ between groups (p = 0.210). The mean conjunctival epithelial thicknesses in SCL, spectacles and emmetropic groups were 41.50 +/- 7.75, 54.33 +/- 8.39 and 49.10 +/- 7.11 mu m, respectively. Conjunctival epithelium in the SCL group was significantly thinner than in both spectacle-wearing and emmetropic groups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). The conjunctiva was significantly thinner in the SCL group compared to the spectacles group (p = 0.001) but not the emmetropic group. Conclusions Contact lens wear is related to thinning of both corneal and conjunctival layers. AS-OCT is a non-invasive and clinically applicable technique for assessing the involvement of the cornea and conjunctiva in contact lens wearers.Öğe Noninvasive assessment of the retina and the choroid using enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography shows microvascular impairments in childhood obesity(Mosby-Elsevier, 2016) Ersan, Ismail; Battal, Fatih; Aylanc, Hakan; Kara, Selcuk; Arikan, Sedat; Tekin, Mustafa; Gencer, BaranPURPOSE To evaluate the retinal vascular diameters and macular and subfoveal choroidal thicknesses of obese and nonobese children using enhanced-depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography (EDI SD-OCT). METHODS The retinal vascular diameters of the 4 largest retinal arterioles and venules and macular and subfoveal choroidal thickness measurements of 40 obese children (body mass index [BMI] z score above +2.0 standard deviations) were obtained by EDI SD-OCT and compared with those of 40 age- and sex-matched nonobese children. Anthropometric measures, including weight and height, were also obtained. BMI z score was defined using standardized protocols. RESULTS The mean BMI z scores of obese children were 2.59 +/- 0.62; of nonobese children, -0.20 +/- 0.92. The mean diameter of retinal arterioles was significantly smaller (P = 0.002) in obese children compared to nonobese children, whereas the mean diameter of retinal venules was larger (P = 0.008). The macular and subfoveal choroidal thicknesses were significantly thinner (P = 0.031 and 0.014, resp.) in obese children compared to non obese children. CONCLUSIONS The narrower retinal arterioles, wider retinal venules, and thinner macular and subfoveal choroidal thicknesses in obese children seem to be associated with microvascular impairments in childhood obesity.Öğe NONINVASIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE RETINA AND THE CHOROID USING ENHANCED-DEPTH IMAGING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY SHOWS MICROVASCULAR IMPAIRMENTS IN CHILDHOOD OBESITY REPLY(Mosby-Elsevier, 2016) Ersan, Ismail; Battal, Fatih; Aylanc, Hakan; Kara, Selcuk; Arikan, Sedat; Tekin, Mustafa; Gencer, Baran[Anstract Not Available]Öğe Prevention of intraocular pressure elevation with oleuropein rich diet in rabbits, during the general anaesthesia(Springer International Publishing Ag, 2016) Simsek, Tuncer; Altinisik, Ugur; Ersan, Ismail; Sahin, Hasan; Altinisik, Betul; Erbas, Mesut; Pala, CigdemBackground: Oleuropein is known to have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. An important aim of anesthetic management in ocular surgery is to keep the intraocular pressure under control. Studies have researched a variety of prophylactic materials used to prevent increases in intraocular pressure. We aimed to research the effects of oleuropein on intraocular pressure (IOP) during general anaesthesia. Methods: Fourteen New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into two groups of seven. The rabbits in Group O were given olive leaf extract (OLE) equivalent to a daily dose of 20 mg/kg oleuropein for 15 days. HPLC method used for oleuropein standardization. For anaesthesia induction 1 mg/kg rocuronium was given and after muscle relaxation all animals had a V-gel Rabbit inserted. Anesthetic maintenance was provided by 1 MAC isoflurane. Twenty minutes after rabbits were given 10 mg/kg ketamine, basal IOP values were measured. After the V-gel rabbit was inserted, in the 5th, 10th, 20th, 25th and 30th minutes measurements were repeated. Results: IOP data variation of OLE group was compared with control group and the measured levels were lower in Group O during the anaesthesia. IOP was 33.8 +/- 4 mmHg in Group C and 24.1 +/- 8 mmHg in Group O in 25th minute and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant at this time. Conclusion: We observed that consumption of prophylactic OLE had a reducing effect on IOP in the period before waking in anaesthesia. We believe it is necessary to investigate the effects of OLE on IOP in broad participation patient groups.Öğe Protective Effect of Hesperetin and Naringenin against Apoptosis in Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Retinal Injury in Rats(Hindawi Ltd, 2014) Kara, Selcuk; Gencer, Baran; Karaca, Turan; Tufan, Hasan Ali; Arikan, Sedat; Ersan, Ismail; Karaboga, IhsanPurpose. Hesperetin and naringenin are naturally common flavonoids reported to have antioxidative effects. This study was performed to investigate whether either hesperetin or naringenin has a protective effect against apoptosis on retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods. Retinal I/R was induced by increasing the intraocular pressure to 150 mm Hg for 60 minutes. Thirty-three male Wistar albino rats were randomised into 5 groups named control, I/R + sham, I/R + solvent (DMSO), I/R + hesperetin, and I/R + naringenin. Animals were given either hesperetin, naringenin, or the solvent intraperitoneally immediately following reperfusion. Thickness of retinal layers and retinal cell apoptosis were detected by histological analysis, tunel assay, and immunohistochemistry assay. Results. Hesperetin and naringenin attenuated the I/R-induced apoptosis of retinal cells in the inner and outer nuclear cells of the rat retina. Retinal layer thickness of the naringenin treatment group was significantly thicker than that of the hesperetin, sham, and solvent groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions. Hesperetin and naringenin can prevent harmful effects induced by I/R injury in the rat retina by inhibiting apoptosis of retinal cells, which suggests that those flavanones have a therapeutic potential for the protection of ocular ischemic diseases.Öğe Quercetin Protects Retina by Reducing Apoptosis Due to Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury(Karger, 2014) Arikan, Sedat; Ersan, Ismail; Kara, Selcuk[Anstract Not Available]Öğe Quercetin protects the retina by reducing apoptosis due to ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat model(Consel Brasil Oftalmologia, 2015) Arikan, Sedat; Ersan, Ismail; Karaca, Turan; Kara, Selcuk; Gencer, Baran; Karaboga, Ihsan; Tufan, Hasan AliPurpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of quercetin on apoptotic cell death induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in the rat retina. Methods: Twenty-four rats were divided into four equal groups: control, ischemic, solvent, and quercetin. I/R injury was achieved by elevating the intraocular pressure above the perfusion pressure. Intraperitoneal injections of 20 mg/kg of quercetin and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were performed in the quercetin and solvent groups, respectively, immediately prior to I/R injury, and the researchers allowed for the retinas to be reperfused. Forty-eight hours after injury, the thicknesses of the retinal ganglion cell layer (RGCL), inner nuclear layer (INL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), and outer nuclear layer (ONL) were measured in all groups. Moreover, the numbers of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end-labeled [TUNEL (+)] cells and caspase-3 (+) cells in both INL and ONL were evaluated in all groups. Results: The administration of quercetin was found to reduce the thinning of all retinal layers. The mean thickness of INL in the quercetin and ischemic groups was 21 +/- 5.6 mu m and 16 +/- 6.4 mu m, respectively (P<0.05). Similarly, the mean thickness of ONL in the quercetin and ischemic groups was 50 +/- 12.8 mu m and 40 +/- 8.7 mu m, respectively (P<0.05). The antiapoptotic effect of quercetin in terms of reducing the numbers of both TUNEL (+) cells and caspase-3 (+) cells was significant in INL. The mean number of TUNEL (+) cells in INL in the ischemic and quercetin groups was 476.8 +/- 45.6/mm(2) and 238.72 +/- 251/mm(2), respectively (P<0.005). The mean number of caspase-3 (+) cells in INL of ischemic and quercetin groups was 633.6 +/- 38.7/mm(2) and 342.4 +/- 36.1/mm(2), respectively (P<0.001). Conclusion: The use of quercetin may be beneficial in the treatment of retinal I/R injury because of its antiapoptotic effect on the retinal layers, particularly in INL.Öğe Relationship of inferior oblique overaction to macular and subfoveal choroidal thickness(Mosby-Elsevier, 2015) Ersan, Ismail; Oltulu, Refik; Altunkaya, Orhan; Satirtav, Gunhal; Arikan, Sedat; Donbaloglu, Meryem; Ozkagnici, AhmetPURPOSE To evaluate the macular and subfoveal choroidal thickness of eyes with inferior oblique muscle overaction (IOOA) using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography (EDT SD-OCT). METHODS The measurements of macular and subfoveal choroidal thickness obtained by EDI SD-OCT of patients with IOOA (24 patients) were compared with those of age- and sex-matched controls (25 subjects). RESULTS There were no morphological abnormalities of the macula in patients with IOOA or in control subjects. There were no statistically significant differences in macular and subfoveal choroidal thickness between the eyes with IOOA and the eyes of the control subjects (P > 0.05). When the patients with IOOA were assigned to two distinct groups according to the degree of IOOA, the macular thickness did not differ between groups (P = 0.66), whereas subfoveal choroidal thickness measures were significantly lower in eyes with severe IOOA compared to eyes of the controls (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS IOOA has no effect on the morphology and the thickness of the macula. Severe IOOA seems to be related to thinning of subfoveal choroid due to possible external mechanical effect.Öğe RELATIONSHIP OF INFERIOR OBLIQUE OVERACTION TO MACULAR AND SUBFOVEAL CHOROIDAL THICKNESS REPLY(Mosby-Elsevier, 2016) Ersan, Ismail; Oltulu, Refik; Altunkaya, Orhan; Satirtav, Gunhal; Arikan, Sedat; Donbaloglu, Meryem; Ozkagnici, Ahmet[Anstract Not Available]
