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    Assessing the performance of wind erosion prediction models of RWEQ and SWEEP by direct measurements in an arid region
    (Elsevier, 2024) Kaplan, Sema; Başaran, Mustafa; Erpul, Günay
    Wind erosion field studies allow researchers to conduct simulations under natural conditions, thus play a significant role in investigating wind erosion processes. Direct measurements are also used to validate and improve existing erosion models. There is a need to develop sustainable land-use practices and management strategies and to assess potential current and future trends of wind erosion risk in arid and semi-arid regions. This study assessed wind erosion-induced soil losses in 11 different wind cases encountered within the wheat-fallow production system in a semi-arid region of T & uuml;rkiye between 2017 and 2020 to eliminate the wind erosion threats on soil resources. Direct measurements and two estimation models (RWEQ and SWEEP) were employed to assess soil loss. Grid sampling method and BEST (R) sediment traps were utilized to measure wind-blown soil in the field directly. Present findings revealed that wind erosion threatened both plots in different seasons. The wheatcultivated plot was highly susceptible to wind erosion in autumn when winter cereals are sown, while the fallow plot showed susceptibility in spring. Throughout the entire measurement period (3-years), wind erosioninduced soil transportation was measured as 1383 kg ha-1 for fallow plots and 2548 kg ha-1 for wheat-cultivated plots. Model performance was assessed through correlations (r), root mean square error (RMSE) and d-test results. The results demonstrated that the calibrated RWEQ (RWEQcal) model provided reasonably accurate estimates of wind erosion for both fallow and wheat-cultivated lands, with relatively low RMSE values of 0.34 and 0.46, d-test values of 0.26 and 0.27, and correlation coefficients of 0.69 and 0.85, respectively. Model results highlighted the importance of model calibration for local conditions; otherwise, they may produce underestimated and overestimated results.
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    Determining the effectiveness of some soil stabilizers in wind erosion prevention using wind tunnel experiments
    (John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2021) Erci, Vildan; Şeker, Cevdet; Başaran, Mustafa; Erpul, Günay
    Laboratory wind tunnel simulations were carried out to determine the effectiveness of some soil stabilizers in reducing soil loss by wind erosion under turbulent flow conditions driven by the reference wind velocities of 9 and 11 m s−1. Particle fractions of 0.5–1 mm of two different soil types: silty clay loam (SiCL) and sandy loam (SL) were used in the experiments as erodible test surfaces after stabilizer treatments. Molasses (M), cement (Cm), a mixture of cement and molasses (Cm + M), and hydrogel (H) were applied at four different application doses, and later those materials were subjected to incubation at room temperature for 24 hr before the trays were placed in the tunnel for wind tests. During simulations under turbulent air-flow conditions, soil losses [(qs), g m−2 min−1] were gauged for 10-min duration immediately following the first lift-off movement of the particles. Experimental results on qs were compared to those of two controls [untreated control (C) and water-treated control (Cw)], which indicated that the H applications were highly effective at the doses ≥ 13.33 g m−2 for every soil type and wind velocity combination. In addition, at the application doses ≥ 13.33 g m−2, Cm and Cm + M treatments were as effective as H statistically in reducing qs at 9 m s−1 by successfully forming resistant crust layers against stronger turbulent swirls on the research test surfaces. From the point of being more easily accessible and more cost-effective, using less expensive Cm and Cm + M treatments could be a good alternative to utilizing hydrogel in reducing wind erosion in wide field applications.