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    EARLY HOLOCENE IN GI RMELER Def ining Pre-Pottery Neolithic in Coastal Southwestern Anatolia
    (Penn State Univ Press, 2025) Erdogu, Burcin; Korkut, Taner; Takaoglu, Turan
    T he site of Girmeler so far is the only excavated Early Holocene site in the Aegean coastal region of Anatolia. Early Holocene Girmeler was inhabited by semisedentary hunter groups living in wattle-and-daub huts with lime-plastered f loors, exploiting a broad spectrum of wild animals and plant resources found within the immediate environs of the site. T his article argues that Girmeler's Early Holocene occupation of the late ninth and early eighth millennium BC belongs to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic sequence of southwestern Anatolia. In contrast to the Mesolithic insular Aegean sites representing the ninth and early eighth millennium, there are indications that agriculture was practiced at Girmeler. Results of one DNA study applied to a human bone from an Early Holocene grave at Girmeler showed that the occupants of the site possessed a gene also found at the Epipaleolithic populations of P & imath;narba & scedil;& imath; who lived in the fourteenth millennium BC in central Anatolia.
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    Identification and source provenance of jadeite-bearing jade axes from Ulucak Höyük, Western Anatolia
    (Wiley, 2025) Sayit, Kaan; Cevik, Ozlem; Aktag, Alican; Erdogu, Burcin; Bamyaci, Onur; Vuruskan, Osman; Sivil, Coskun
    The jades from Ulucak H & ouml;y & uuml;k (& Idot;zmir, Turkey) are green-colored in hand specimen, and combined petrographic, XRD, and whole-rock analyses indicate that they mainly comprise jadeitic clinopyroxene, characterizing them as jadeite-bearing jades. Primitive mantle (PM)-normalized multi-element patterns reveal two distinct chemical groups. Both groups display depletion in Th and U; however, Group 1 shows a narrower elemental range and marked positive Pb anomaly. The second group, on the other hand, displays a wide elemental range in most elements and strong negative anomalies in Zr and Hf ([Nd/Zr]PM = 1.6-4.2; [Sm/Hf]PM = 1.8-3.5). Regarding REE systematics, both groups are characterized by weak positive slopes ([La/Yb]Ch = 1.7-5.3). However, whereas Group 1 shows coherent LREE-enriched trends, Group 2 displays flat- to LREE-enriched patterns with a wide range in Eu. When the geochemical features of Ulucak jades are compared with the high-pressure (HP) metamorphic rocks from Turkey and Greece, the similar multi-element patterns of Syros eclogites (Greece) to Group 2 Ulucak jades make Syros a possible source area for the Ulucak artefacts. On the other hand, the geochemical resemblance of the Sifnos jadeite-bearing gneisses to Group 1 Ulucak jades may raise the possibility of this island being another source for the Ulucak jades.
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    SPELEOTHEMS OF CATALHOYUK, TURKEY
    (Univ Agean, Dept Mediterranean Stud, 2013) Erdogu, Burcin; Uysal, I. Tonguc; Ozbek, Onur; Ulusoy, Ulku
    Speleothem samples such as flowstone, stalagmite and stalactites are one of the important finds at Catalhoyuk, which they have been carried hundreds of kilometers from its source. The Catalhoyuk Speleothem Project have been initiated with the aim of investigating Catalhoyuk's speleothems and identifying their provenance. In order to achieve this, speleothem samples at Catalhoyuk have been recognized and documented, and caves around Catalhoyuk have been investigated. Later, both selected Catalhoyuk speleothem and cave samples of flowstone, stalagmite and stalactites have been analysed by ICP-MS to recognize similar trace elements. In addition, the ages of samples have been obtained by U-Th method to find similarities between the Catalhoyuk samples and speleothem deposits from surrounding caves. The comparative results have been used to identify the sources of Catalhoyuk's speleothems.