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    A comprehensive assessment of ambient air quality in Canakkale city: Emission inventory, air quality monitoring, source apportionment, and respiratory health indicators
    (Turkish Natl Committee Air Pollution Res & Control-Tuncap, 2020) Mentese, Sibel; Mirici, Nihal Arzu; Elbir, Tolga; Tuygun, Gizem Tuna; Bakar, Coskun; Otkun, Muserref Tatman; Oymak, Sibel
    This comprehensive study aims to examine the relationships between ambient air quality (AAQ) and respiratory health of the participants residing in three different towns of Canakkale city, Turkey between August 2013 and 2014. AAQ measurements for bioaerosols, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), total particulate matter (PM) count, carbon dioxide (CO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) were performed and monthly pulmonary function test (PFT) was applied to volunteer participants residing in the study sites (n = 121) for one year. Additionally, concentrations of air pollutants for PM2.5/PM10, sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides, and ozone were gathered from AAQ monitoring stations. To estimate the contributions of the emission sources and their effects on human health in the region, an emission inventory was also prepared in the region and AERMOD modelling system was applied for the year of 2013. Accordingly, the industry was the most polluting sector for NOx and SO2, while road traffic and residential heating were the most polluting sectors for CO and PM10. Factor analysis revealed that organics, combustion, bioaerosol propagation, and ozone accumulation contributed to AAQ, in agreement with AQ modelling results. Can had the worst air quality (industrialized site), which affected the respiratory health indicators of the participants. Generalized linear model estimated that PF of the participants varied according to the residing district, gender, suffering from asthma, and lifelong smoking or environmental tobacco smoke exposure (p < 0.05). Also, PF of the participants were linked with VOCs levels in the Central town, total PM count in Lapseki, and ozone levels in Can (p < 0.05).
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    Öğe
    A long-term multi-parametric monitoring study: Indoor air quality (IAQ) and the sources of the pollutants, prevalence of sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms, and respiratory health indicators
    (Turkish Natl Committee Air Pollution Res & Control-Tuncap, 2020) Mentese, Sibel; Mirici, Nihal Arzu; Elbir, Tolga; Palaz, Elif; Mumcuoglu, Deniz Tasdibi; Cotuker, Osman; Bakar, Coskun
    Poor indoor air quality (IAQ) can cause several respiratory diseases and symptoms. In this study, IAQ of 121 homes located in 3 different towns of Canakkale, Turkey was monitored throughout a year. Target air pollutants were particulate matter, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), bioaerosols, and Carbon dioxide (CO2), as well as air temperature and humidity. Moreover, pulmonary functions of the occupants were measured on a monthly basis. Also, occurrence of sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms and other health related data were gathered from the occupants by a detailed questionnaire. The SBS is a situation related to indoor air pollution in which the occupants of a building experience health or comfort related adverse effects that appear to be associated directly to the time spent in the sick building. Results of this study showed that the highest indoor air pollutant levels were observed in Can town and the lowest levels were observed in Central town. Indoor levels of bioaerosols, particulate matter, benzene, Cladosporium spp., and Penicillium spp. as well as pulmonary functions of the occupants showed statistically significant differences between the locations of the homes (p < 0.001). Factor analysis implied that both indoor and outdoor originated sources contributed to IAQ. Even though the predominant SBS symptoms varied seasonally and spatially among the study sites, fatigue, cold-flu like symptoms, and difficulty in concentration occurred frequently. Correlations were found among the occurrence of SBS symptoms, measured IAQ parameters, and personal factors (p < 0.05). Performing more studies from the health and IAQ points of view improve public awareness.
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    Öğe
    Çanakkale İli Hava Kalitesinin Organik, İnorganik ve Mikrobiyolojik Kirlilik Düzeyinin Kronik Solunum Hastalıkları ile İlişkisi
    (2015) Menteşe, Sibel; Tatman, Müşerref Otkun; Çotuker, Osman; Palaz, Elif; Taşdibi, Deniz; Elbir, Tolga; Arzu, Nihal Mirici
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    Öğe
    Determination of Culturable Airborne Mold on Dusty Days in an Urban Atmosphere in the Eastern Mediterranean
    (Springer Nature, 2024) Palaz, Elif; Elbir, Tolga; Menteşe, Sibel; Bayram, Abdurrahman; Kara, Melik
    Recent studies have demonstrated that the amount of specific airborne mold types and their concentrations increase during dust events. This study investigates the effect of long-range dust transport on airborne mold composition between September 2020 and May 2021 in the urban atmosphere of Izmir, Turkey, a coastal city in the Eastern Mediterranean. A total of 136 airborne mold samples, 107 in non-dusty days and 29 in dusty days, were collected. Two different culture media, Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Malt Extract Agar (MEA), were used to enumeration and genus-based identification of the airborne mold. Also, the effects of several meteorological parameters such as wind, air temperature and humidity, as well as particulate matter (PM10) concentrations, on the composition of airborne mold assemblages, were estimated seasonally. To determine the dusty and non-dusty days, several tools such as HYSPLIT Trajectory Model, NASA EOSDIS Worldview, WMO SDS-WAS North Africa-Middle East-Europe (NA-ME-E) and ECMWF CAMS Forecast Model were used. The total mold concentrations on PDA and MEA culture media ranged 49–1400 CFU/m3 and 28–1400 CFU/m3, respectively. Total mold concentrations that determined in PDA or MEA in spring and autumn were significantly higher than those occurred in winter, indicating that seasonal patterns of the meteorological parameters influenced the mold levels and genus prevalence in the region. Some of the mold genera, including Cladosporium sp., Chrysosporium sp., Aspergillus sp., Bipolaris sp., Alternaria sp. and yeasts, were more abundant during dusty days than non-dusty days. The correlation analysis showed a significant relation between airborne mold concentration, wind velocity and air temperature (p < 0.05). However, the relation between the total mold concentration and relative humidity (p > 0.05) was only significant in winter.
  • Küçük Resim
    Öğe
    Farklı inkübasyon koşullarının ve kültür ortamlarının havadaki bakteri ve mantar düzeyine etkisi
    (Pamukkale University, 2023) Palaz, Elif; Menteşe, Sibel; Bayram, Abdurrahman; Kara, Melik; Elbir, Tolga
    Havadaki bakteri ve mantarların örneklenmesinde kullanılan besiyerlerinin seçimi, bakteri ve mantarların nitel ve nicel olarak doğru belirlenmesine etki eden en önemli faktördür. Bu çalışmada, 8 ayrı besiyeri türü kullanılarak İzmir kent merkezi havasında eş zamanlı bakteri ve mantar örnekleri toplanmıştır. Bakteri örnekleri, Columbia blood agar (CBA), Chocolate agar (Choc), Tryptone Glucose Yeast Extract Agar (TGEA), Reasoner's 2A agar (R2A) ve Plate Count Agar (PCA) besiyerleri üzerinde toplanmış ve bu örneklere iki farklı inkübasyon sıcaklığı ve süresi uygulanarak bakterilerin gelişimi 2 gün boyunca 37 ᵒC ve 2 ile 15 gün arasında 50 ᵒC sıcaklıkta takip edilmiştir. Mantar örnekleri için ise Malt-Extract Agar (MEA), Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol (DRBC) ve Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) besiyerleri kullanılmıştır. Bunların tamamı ise 25 ᵒC’de 3-7 gün inkübe edilmiştir. İnkübasyon süreleri sonunda besiyerlerinde üreme gözlenen koloni sayıları ve toplam bakteri ve mantar konsantrasyonları belirlenmiştir. İnkübasyon sıcaklığının PCA hariç (p>0.05) diğer besiyerlerinde toplam bakteri konsantrasyonlarını etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Üç besiyerinde toplanan mantar örneklerinde en çok gözlenen cins Cladosporium sp’dir. Koloni sayıları bakımından besiyerleri PDA>MEA>DRBC şeklinde sıralanmıştır. Mantarlar arasında Chrysosporium sp. cinsinin MEA besiyerinde oluşturduğu koloni sayısı, PDA ve DRBC besiyerlerindekinden yaklaşık 10 kat daha fazladır. Eş zamanlı toplanan örnekler için kullanılan besiyerlerinde maksimum sayıda izole edilen mantar cinsi sıralaması MEA>DRBC>PDA şeklindedir. Bu çalışma, incelediği besiyeri ve inkübasyon koşulları çeşitliliği ile gelecekte kentsel bölgelerde yapılacak bakteri ve mantar örneklemelerine yön göstereceği gibi ekstrem koşullara (50 ᵒC) dayanabilen havadaki dirençli mikroorganizmaların farklı inkübasyon koşulları altında konsantrasyonlarının belirlendiği ilk çalışma niteliğindedir. Ayrıca, bu çalışma son yıllarda Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün Antimikrobiyal Direnç tehdidine karşı ülkeleri mücadeleye davet etmesi sebebiyle de önemlidir.
  • Küçük Resim
    Öğe
    Seasonal variability of airborne mold concentrations as related to dust in a coastal urban area in the Eastern Mediterranean
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Palaz, Elif; Menteşe, Sibel; Bayram, Abdurrahman; Kara, Melik; Elbir, Tolga
    Recent studies have demonstrated that the amount of specific airborne mold types and their concentrations increase during dust events. This study investigates the seasonal variation of airborne mold concentrations before, during, and after the dust transport in an eastern Mediterranean coastal area, Izmir city, Turkey. A total of 136 airborne mold samples were collected between September 2020 and May 2021. Two different culture media, namely Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Malt-Extract Agar (MEA), were used for enumeration and genus-based identification of the airborne mold. In addition to culture media, the influences of air temperature, relative humidity, and particulate matter equal to or less than 10 µm (PM10) were also investigated seasonally. The HYSPLIT trajectory model and web-based simulation results were mainly used to determine dusty days. The mean total mold concentrations (TMC) on dusty days (543 Colony Forming Unit (CFU)/m3 on PDA and 668 CFU/m3 on MEA) were approximately 2–2.5 times higher than those on non-dusty days (288 CFU/m3 on PDA and 254 CFU/m3 on MEA) for both culture media. TMC levels showed seasonal variations (p < 0.001), indicating that meteorological parameters influenced mold concentrations and compositions. Some mold genera, including Cladosporium sp., Chrysosporium sp., Aspergillus sp., Bipolaris sp., Alternaria sp., and yeast, were found higher during dusty days than non-dusty days. Thus, dust event impacts levels and types of airborne molds and has implications for regions where long-range dust transport widely occurs.