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    Bioaccumulation of trace metals in Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from a fish farm with copper-alloy mesh pens and potential risk assessment
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2018) Yigit, Murat; Celikkol, Barbaros; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Bulut, Musa; Ozalp, Baris; Dwyer, Robert L.; Maita, Masashi
    Concentrations of trace metals were determined in the muscle tissue, digestive gland and gills of Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) collected from different locations around an offshore copper alloy fish farm. Levels of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) as mg/kg wet weight in the edible part of the mussels collected from distant zone (upstream Zn7.33 > Fe2.8 > Cu0.13 > Mn0.07 and downstream Zn9.9 > Fe5.67 > Cu0.18 > Mn0.17) were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those sampled from the cage zone (bottom panel Zn22.25 > Fe13.75 > Cu2.39 > Mn0.85 and cage frame Zn17.1 > Fe8.74 > Cu1.39 > Mn0.26). Trace metal concentrations in mussels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the samples from the frame and bottom panel of the copper alloy mesh pen, compared to those from distant areas, namely the farm affected downstream - and non-affected upstream locations. However, the rates of target hazard quotients (THQ) for all tested trace metals from all locations in the present study were smaller than one (THQ < 1), indicating that the consumption of mussels grown around a cage farm with copper alloy mesh pens were within safe limits and did not exceed maximum levels suggested by the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and European Union (EU) regulations for seafood consumption.
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    Comparision of copper alloy mesh with conventional nylon nets in offshore cage farming of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)
    (Central Fisheries Research Institute, 2018) Yiğit, Murat; Çelikkol, Barbaros; Özalp, Barış; Bulut, Musa; Dwyer, Robert L.; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Maita, Masashi; Büyükateş, Yeşim
    In the present study, a new net technology of copper alloy mesh (CAM) was tested and compared with traditional nylon nets either with (TNN+AF)-or without antifouling coats (TNN–AF) in a long-term growth experiment on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Fish performed better growth and feed utilization in the CAM pen over the TNN+AF and TNN–AF, with a survival rate over 85% in all cage environments after the 7 months growth period. Relative wet weight gain of seabream in the CAM and TNN+AF pens were 25% and 15% higher compared to the TNN–AF cage, respectively. Surface of the TNN–AF mesh remained clean for two months after sea water deployment, while the mesh size in the TNN+AF pen remained effective for four months, and shrinking in mesh size thereafter. Dissolved oxygen was highest inside the CAM followed by the TNN+AF and TNN–AF cages, respectively. The results of the present study demonstrate that CAM might be beneficial for cage farming in offshore conditions, however further studies are encouraged to evaluate leaching of metals into the marine environment as well as toxic influences on fish tissues and health risks to human consumers. © 2018, Central Fisheries Research Institute. All rights reserved.