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    ACTIVITY OF THREE ENDEMIC VERBASCUM SPECIES AGAINST HOSPITAL ISOLATES OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2009) Dulger, B.; Hacioglu, N.
    Aqueous and ethanol extracts obtained from three endemic Verbascum species (V. obtusifolium, V. chinophyllum and V. linearilobum) used as traditional medicine in Turkey have been investigated for their ability to inhibit 35 hospital isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The antibacterial activity of the extracts was tested by disk diffusion and modified agar dilution method. Ethanolic extracts of the plants were most effective with MICs for MRSA isolates of 0.2-0.4, 0.1-0.4 and 0.4-1.6 mg/mL, respectively, and for S. aureus ATCC 25923 of 1.6, 0.2 and 1.6 mg/mL respectively. MBCs for MRSA isolates were 0.8-1.6, 0.4-1.6 and 6.3-12.5 mg/mL, respectively and for S. aureus ATCC 25923 were 12.5, 1.6 and 25 mg/mL, respectively.
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    ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THREE ENDEMIC HYPERICUM SPECIES USED IN FOLKLORIC MEDICINE AGAINST METHICILIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2009) Dulger, B.; Hacioglu, N.
    Aqueous and ethanolic extracts obtained from three endemic Hypericum species (H. rupestre, H. vacciniifolium and H. imbricatum) used as traditional medicine in Turkey have been investigated for their ability to inhibit 35 hospital isolates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the plants were effective on MRSA. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of the ethanolic extract with the greatest antibacterial activity were those of Hypericum imbricatum (MIC 0.1-0.4 mg/mL and MBC 0.4-1.6 mg/mL).
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    Antibiotic susceptibility of motile Aeromonas spp. isolated from Saricay stream (Canakkale, Turkey)
    (2013) Hacioglu, N.; Dulger, B.
    This study was carried out for the determination of the physico-chemical and microbiological quality and antibiogram profiles of the Aeromonas spp. isolated from Saricay stream in Canakkale -Turkey. The results indicated that water from this stream were of poor microbiological quality and unfit for human consumption. A total of 13 Aeromonas species were isolated from sixty (21.66%) water samples. This strains were identified as Aeromonas caviae (53.84%), A. hydrophila (23.07%), A. veronii bv. sobria (23.07%). All aeromonads (100%) strains were resistant to erythromycin, amoxycillin, ampicillin (except one A.hydrophila strain), but susceptible to gentamicin.
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    Antibiotic Susceptibility of Motile Aeromonas spp. Isolated from Saricay Stream (Canakkale, Turkey)
    (Dr M N Khan, 2013) Hacioglu, N.; Dulger, B.
    This study was carried out for the determination of the physico-chemical and microbiological quality and antibiogram profiles of the Aeromonas spp. isolated from Saricay stream in Canakkale - Turkey. The results indicated that water from this stream were of poor microbiological quality and unfit for human consumption. A total of 13 Aeromonas species were isolated from sixty (21.66%) water samples. This strains were identified as Aeromonas caviae (53.84%), A. hydrophila (23.07%), A. veronii by. sobria (23.07%). All aeromonads (100%) strains were resistant to erythromycin, amoxycillin, ampicillin (except one A.hydrophila strain), but susceptible to gentamicin.
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    Antifungal Activity of Endemic Salvia tigrina in Turkey
    (Pharmacotherapy Group, 2008) Dulger, B.; Hacioglu, N.
    Purpose: The ethanol extracts obtained from the leaves, rootstock and the combined formulation of endemic Salvia tigrina Hedge & Hub.-Mor. (Labiatea) have been investigated for their antifungal activities. Method: The antifungal activity of the extract was tested against Candida species (C. albicans ATCC 10231, C. tropicalis ATCC 13803 and C. guilliermondii ATCC 6260 and Cryptococcus species (C. neoformans ATCC 90112 and C. laurentii 34142), Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium frequentans, Botrytis cinerea, Geotrichum candidum, Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria alternara by the visual broth macrodilution method. Ketoconazole was used as a positive reference standard to determine the sensitivity of the strains. Results: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged from 3.12 to 25 mg/mL. All the extracts exhibited a strong antifungal effect against the fungal cultures. The extracts exhibited greater antifungal effect against C. albicans, C. neoformans and B. cinarea. Conclusion: The findings provide support for the use of this plant in traditional medicine for fungal infections especially against candidiasis.
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    Raman, FT-IR, NMR spectroscopic data and antimicrobial activity of bis[?2-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-2-ethanethiolato-N,S,S-chloro-palladium(II)] dimer, [(?2-CH2CH2NHNCC6H4)PdCl]2•C2H5OH complex
    (Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier, 2007) Aghatabay, Naz M.; Somer, M.; Senel, M.; Dulger, B.; Gucin, F.
    The 1,6-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)-3,4-dithiahexane (1) ligand and its palladium(H) chloride complex [(mu(2)-SCH2CH2NHNCC6H4)PdCl](2) center dot C2H5 OH (2) have been synthesised and characterised by spectroscopical methods. The crystal structure of the triclinic title compound (P-1 (no. 2), a = 879.6(l) pm, b = 984.4(l) pm, c = 1471.8(2) pm; a = 94.330(6)degrees, beta = 98.546(6)degrees, gamma = 99.258(7)degrees, Z = 2) was solved from X-ray single crystal diffraction data. In the binuclear complex, each palladium atom is coordinated in a slightly distorted square-planar arrangement by one nitrogen, two bridging sulphurs and one terminal chlorine atom. Molar conductivity, FT-Raman, FT-IR (mid-i.r., far-i.r.), H-1 and C-13 NMR spectra of the complex (2) have been recorded and show a good accordance with the square-planar geometry. The antimicrobial and antifungal activities of palladium(II) chloride, free ligand, its hydrochloride salt and the complex were evaluated using the disk diffusion method in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as well as the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) the dilution method, against 10 bacteria and five yeast cultures. The results for the antibacterial from the disk diffusion method were assessed in side-by-side comparison with those for penicillin-g, ampicillin, cefotaxime, vancomycin, ofloxacin and tetracycline. Antifungal activities were referenced with nystatin, ketaconazole, and clotrimazole, commercial antifungal agents. The data from the dilution procedure were compared with gentamycin as antibacterial and nystatin as antifungal agent, respectively. In most cases, the compounds tested showed broad-spectrum (Gram positive and Gram negative) activities that were comparatively more active, or as potent as referenced pharmaceutical agents. The palladium complex has the potential to generate new kind of metabolites by displaying high affinities for most of the receptors compared with palladium chloride, free ligand and its hydrochloride salt. (c) 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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    Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of Fe(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes with 2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl) pyridine ligand
    (Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier, 2007) Aghatabay, Naz M.; Neshat, A.; Karabiyik, T.; Somer, M.; Haciu, D.; Dulger, B.
    2,6-Bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine (L) ligand and complexes [M(L)Cl-2] and [Fe(L)(2)](ClO4)(2) (M = Zn, Cd, Hg) have been synthesized. The,geometries of the [M(L)Cl-2] complexes were derived from theoretical calculation in DGauss/DFT level (DZVP basis set) on CACHE. The central M(II) ion is penta-coordinated and surrounded by N3Cl2 environment, adopting a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry. The ligand is tridentate, via three nitrogen atoms to metal centre and two chloride ions lie on each side of the distorted benzimidazole ring. In the [Fe(L)21 (ClO4)(2) complex, the central Fe(H) ion is surrounded by two (3N) units, adopting a octahedral geometry. The elemental analysis, molecular conductivity, FT-Raman, FT-IR (mid-, far-IR), H-1, and C-13 NMR were reported. The antimicrobial activities of the free ligand, its hydrochloride salt, and the complexes were evaluated using the disk diffusion method in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as well as the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) dilution method, against 10 bacteria and the results compared with that for gentamycin. Antifungal activities were reported for Candida albicans, Khtyveromyces fragilis, Rhodotorula rubra, Debaryomyces hansenii, Hanseniaspora guilliemondii, and the results were referenced against nystatin, ketaconazole, and clotrimazole antifungal agents. In most cases, the compounds tested showed broad-spectrum (Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria) activities that were either more effective than or as potent as the references. The binding of two most biologically effective compounds of zinc and mercury to calf thymus DNA has also been investigated by absorption spectra. (c) 2006 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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    Synthesis, structural aspects, and antimicrobial activity investigation of novel macrocyclic amide-containing compounds
    (Springer, 2012) Aghatabay, N. M.; Gunduz, S.; Bas, A.; Turkyilmaz, M.; Karabulut, H. R. F.; Dulger, B.
    Macrocyclic 1(6),7(6)-dimethyl-1,7(2,4)-ditriazina-2,6,8,12-tetraaza-3,5,9,11-tetraoxocyclododecaphane, 1(6),8(6)-dimethyl-1,8(2,4)-ditriazina-2,7,9,14-tetraaza-3,6,10,13-tetraoxocyclotetradecaphane, 1(6),9(6)-dimethyl-1,9(2,4)-ditriazina-2,8,10,16-tetraaza-3,7,11,15-tetraoxocyclohexadecaphane, and 1(6),10(6)-dimethyl-1,10(2,4)-ditriazina-2,9,11,18-tetraaza-3,8,12,17-tetraoxocyclooctadecaphane are synthesized. The compounds are characterized by elemental analyses, Raman, IR, H-1, C-13 NMR and mass spectral data. The antimicrobial activities of the compounds are evaluated against several bacteria and yeast cultures and the results were compared with those of commercial antibiotic and antifungal agents. Structure-activity relationships are also discussed.