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    Antibacterial activity of the endemic Hypericum kazdaghensis
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2005) Dulger, B; Gonuz, A
    The antibacterial activity of the chloroform, acetone and methanol extracts of endemic Hypericum kazdaghensis leaves were evaluated by disc diffusion method. All extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against all tested bacteria. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Antimicrobial activity of some endemic Verbascum, Salvia, and Stachys species
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2004) Dulger, B; Gonuz, A
    Methanol extracts obtained from endemic Stachys sivasica Kit Tan & Yildiz, Stachys anamurensis Sumbul, Stachys cydni Kotschy ex Gemici & Leblebici, Salvia aytachii Vural & Adiguzel, and Verbascum gypsicola Vural & Aydogdu have been investigated for their antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial activity was determined with Escherichia coli ATCC 11230, Stapylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Klebsiella pneumoniae UC57, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 8427, Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064, Mycobacterium smegmatis CCM 2067, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 15313, Micrococcus luteus CCM 169, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Rhodotorula rubra DSM 70403, and Kluyveromyces fragilis ATCC 8608 by the disk-diffusion method. Verbascum gypsicola extracts had strong antimicrobial activity against the gram-positive bacteria and the yeast cultures. The extracts of Stachys L. were effective only against bacteria. The extracts of Salvia aytachii demonstrated an antimicrobial effect against bacteria and the yeast cultures used in this study.
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    Antimicrobial activity of some mosses from Turkey
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2005) Dulger, B; Yayintas, OT; Gonuz, A
    The antimicrobial activity of the methanol extracts of eight mosses species were evaluated at 30 mg/ml concentration against the tested microorganisms. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Antimicrobial activity of ten Lycoperdaceae
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2005) Dulger, B
    The 60% methanolic extracts of ten Lycoperdaceae exhibited antimicrobial activity. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Antimicrobial activity of the macrofungus Pholiota adiposa
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2004) Dulger, B
    The 60% methanolic extract of Pholiota adiposa exhibited antimicrobial activity. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Antimicrobial studies on three endemic species of Sideritis from Turkey
    (Polska Akad Nauk, Polish Acad Sciences, Pas Branch Cracow, 2005) Dulger, B; Gonuz, A; Bican, T
    The antimicrobial activity of several extracts and fractions of some Sideritis species (S. albiflora, S. brevibracteata and S. pisidica) was investigated by disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods against Escherichia coli ATCC 11230, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Klebsiella pneumoniae UC57, Micrococcus luteus La 2971, Micrococcus flavus ATCC 14452, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 8427, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Corynebacterium xerosis CCM 7064, Mycobacterium smegmatis CCM 2067, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Bacillus cereus ATCC 9730, Kluyveromyces fragilis NRRL 2415 and Rhodotorula rubra CCY. The methanol extract and chloroform fraction of S. pisidica, as well as the methanol extracts, butanol and chloroform fractions of both S. albiflora and S. brevibracteata showed good antimicrobial activity against some bacteria and all yeasts tested, with growth inhibition area diameters in the range 10-20 mm, and MIC values between 0.03 and 0.38 mu l/ml. The results of the study support the use of these species in traditional medicine.
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    Antimicrobial studies on three Hypericum species from Turkey
    (Elsevier, 2005) Dulger, B; Gonuz, A; Bilen, S
    The antimicrobial activity of several extracts and fractions of some Hypericum species (H. rupestre Jaub. & Spach, H. vacciniifolium Hayek & Siehe and H. imbricatum Poulter) was investigated using the disc diffusion method against Escherichia coli ATCC 11230, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Klebsiella pneumoniae UC57, Micrococcus luteus La 2971, Bordetella bronchiseptica ATCC 19395, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 8427, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Corynebacterium xerosis CCM 7064, Mycobacterium smegmatis CCM 2067, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 49803, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9730, Kluyveromyces fragilis NRRL 2415 and Rhodotorula rubra CCY. The methanol extract and chloroform fraction of H. vacciniifolium, as well as the methanol extracts, butanol and chloroform fractions of both H. rupestre and H. imbricatum, showed good antimicrobial activity against especially Gram-positive bacteria and the Gram-negative bacterium Bordetella bronchiseptica. The methanol extracts and fractions did not have antifungal activity. The results of the study support the use of these specimens in Turkish traditional medicine to treat skin and eye infections.
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    Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of some endemic Scrophulariaceae members from Turkey
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2005) Dulger, B; Ugurlu, E
    The methanol extracts obtained from endemic Scrophulariaceae members Verbascum protractum Fenel ex Tchihat., Verbascum bellum Hub.- Mor., Verbascum dalamanicum Hub.- Mor., Scrophularia mersinensis Lall, Scrophularia cryptophila Boiss. & Heldr., Pedicularis olympica Boiss., and Veronica lycica E. Lehm. have been investigated for their antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial activity was determined with Escherichia coli ATCC 11230, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Klebsiella pneumoniae UC57, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 8427, Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064, Mycobacterium smegmatis CCM 2067, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 15313, Micrococcus luteus CCM 169, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Rhodotorula rubra DSM 70403, and Kluyveromyces fragilisATCC 8608 by the disk diffusion method. The extracts of all Scrophulariaceae members used in this study had strong antimicrobial activity against the Gram- positive bacteria and yeast cultures.
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    Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of some endemic Verbascum, Sideritis, and Stachys species from Turkey
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2005) Dulger, B; Ugurlu, E; Akı, Cüneyt; Suerdem, TB; Camdeviren, A; Tazeler, G
    Methanol extracts obtained from endemic Verbascum pseudoholotrichum Hub.- Mor., Verbascum cymigerum Hub.- Mor., Verbascum cholorostegium Bornm. & Murb., Verbascum linguifolium Hub.- Mor., Verbascum pellitum Hub.- Mor., Sideritis brevidens P. H. Davis, Sideritis cilicica Boiss. & Bal., Sideritis vuralii H. Duman & Baser, Stachys aleurites Boiss. & Heldr., and Stachys pinardii Boiss. have been investigated for their antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial activity was determined with Escherichia coli ATCC 11230, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Klebsiella pneumoniae UC57, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 8427, Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064, Mycobacterium smegmatis CCM 2067, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 15313, Micrococcus luteus CCM 169, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Rhodotorula rubra DSM 70403, and Kluyveromyces fragilis ATCC 8608 by the disk diffusion method. Verbascum L. extracts had strong antimicrobial activity against Gram- positive bacteria and yeast cultures. The extracts of Stachys L. were effective only against bacteria. The extracts of Sideritis L. demonstrated antimicrobial effects against the bacteria and the yeast cultures used in this study.
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    Structural characterization and antimicrobial activity of 1,3-bis(2-benzimidazyl)-2-thiapropane ligand and its Pd(II) and Zn(II) halide complexes
    (Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier, 2005) Agh-Atabay, NM; Dulger, B; Gucin, F
    1,3-Bis(2-benzimidazyl)-2-thiapropane(L) forms 5-coordinate square pyramidal and 4-coordinate tetrahedral, monometallic complexes with PdCl2 and ZnX2 (X = Cl, Br, I) respectively. In the palladium complex, the ligand acts as a chelating tridentate, through two of the nitrogen atoms in the imidazole ring and the sulfur atom of the bridging group together with two chloride ions forming a rare five coordinate complex. In the zinc halide complexes, the ligand acts as chelating bidentate, via two of the nitrogen atoms combined with two halide ions giving common tetrahedral complexes. The ligand and its complexes are characterized by analytical data and spectroscopic methods such as FT-aman, FT-IR (mid-IR, far-IR), H-1 and C-13 NMR. Their antimicrobial activities are evaluated by the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against 10 bacteria, each with multiple, fresh clinical isolates (10-15), and the results are compared with those of ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, cefazolin, ofloxacin, and piperacillin antibacterial agents. The compound's antifungal activities are reported on Candida albicans, Candida utilis, and Cryptococcus neoformans yeasts, each with multiple isolates (10), and the results are referenced with amphotericin-B, fluconazole and flucytosine antifungal agents. In most cases, the compounds show broad-spectrum (Gram(+) and Gram(-)) activities that are either, more active, or equipotent to, the antibiotic and antifungal agents in the comparison tests. (c) 2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.
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    Structural characterization and antimicrobial activity of 2-(5-H/methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-bromo/nitro-phenol ligands and their Fe(NO3)3 complexes
    (Springer, 2006) Tavman, A; Agh-Atabay, NM; Neshat, A; Gucin, F; Dulger, B; Haciu, D
    2-(5-H/methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-bromo/nitro-phenol (HLx:X=1-4) ligands and their iron(III) nitrate complexes have been synthesized and characterized. In all of the complexes, the ligands are bidentate, via one imine nitrogen atom and a phenolate oxygen atom. The coordination is completed with a bidentate nitrate anion, and a water molecule. Elemental analysis, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, FT-Raman, FT-IR (mid i.r., far i.r.), UV-visible and as well as quantum chemical calculations performed with CACHE are in agreement with a 1:1 electrolyte structures that are mononuclear, and distorted 5-coordinate square pyramidal. The antimicrobial activities of free ligands, their hydrochloride salts and the complexes were evaluated using the disk diffusion method in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) toward nine bacteria, each with multiple, fresh clinical isolates, and the results are compared with those for penicillin-g, ampicillin, cefotaxime, vancomycine, oflaxacin and tetracycline. Antifungal activities were reported for Kluyveromyces fragilis, Rhodotorula rubra, Candida albicans, Hanseniaspora Guilliermondii and Debaryomyces hansenii yeasts, each with multiple isolates, and the results were referenced against nystatin, ketaconazole and clotrimazole antifungal agents. In most cases, the compounds tested showed broad-spectrum (Gram(+) and Gram(-)) activities that were either more active or as potent as the references particularly as antifungal agents.
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    Synthesis and investigation of antimicrobial activity of some bisbenzimidazole-derived chelating agents
    (Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier, 2003) Agh-Atabay, NM; Dulger, B; Gucin, F
    The 1,2-bis(2-benzimidazyl)-1,2-ethanediol (1), 1,4-bis(2-benzimidazyl)-1,2,3,4-butanetetraol (2), 1,3-bis(2-benzimidazyl)-2-thiapropane (3), 1,3-bis(2-benzimidazyl)-2-thia-propane-dihydrochloride (4), 1,5-bis(2-benzimidazyl)-3-thiapentane (5), and 1,5-bis(2-benzimidazyl)-3-thiapentane dihydrochloride (6) chelating ligands are synthesised and characterised by using analytical data and modem spectroscopic methods such as FT-Raman, FT-IR, H-1- and C-13-NMR spectrometers. Their antimicrobial activities are reported by comparing the in vitro activities, with those of ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, piperacillin, ampicillin and cefazolin antibacterial agents against fresh clinical isolates. Antifungal activities are reported on Candida albicans, Candida utilis, Cryptococcus neoformans fungi, and the results are referenced with amphotericin-B, fluconazole and flucytosine antifungal agents. It has been found that all the compounds have broad spectra activity and was either more active or equipotent to those compared antibiotic and antifungal agents. (C) 2003 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.