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    Öğe
    ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF TURKISH CITRUS PEEL OILS
    (Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2009) Kirbaslar, F. Guelay; Tavman, Aydin; Duelger, Basaran; Tuerker, Guelen
    The samples of the Citrus fruits viz., lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.), grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macfayden), bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poit.), bitter orange (Citrus aurantium L.), sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck), mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) were collected from southern Turkey (Antalya) in November 2006 and their peel oils were obtained by cold-pressing process. The antimicrobial activities of Turkish Citrus peel oils were evaluated using the disk diffusion method toward 9 bacteria and the results compared with those for penicillin-g, ampicillin, cefotaxime, vancomycine, oflaxacin and tetracycline. Antifungal activities were reported for Kluyveromyces fragilis, Rhodotorula rubra, Candida albicans, Hanseniaspora guilliermondii and Debaryomyces hansenii yeasts, and the results were referenced against nystatin, ketaconazole and clotrimazole antifungal agents. The Citrus peel oils showed strong antimicrobial activity against the test organisms. Lemon and bergamot peel oils have a little higher activity than the other Citrus peel oils.
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    Öğe
    Synthesis, spectroscopic studies and antimicrobial activity of phosphazenes derivatives
    (Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2008) Yıldız, Mustafa; Duelger, Basaran; Yilmaz, Sevinc
    The monosubstituted, fullysubstituted trimericphosphazenes, poly(dichloro)phosphazenes and poly(diorgano)phosphazene with para-substituted anilino side groups have been synthesized. The p-substituents is fluorine groups. The poly(diorgano)phosphazene was prepared by two routes. A direct synthetic route to the poly(diorgano)phosphazene was prepared by polycondensation of mono and fullysubstituted monomer. Second route is the substitution of the chlorine atoms in poly(dichloro)phosphazene by organic groups, giving a poly(diorgano)phosphazene. The monomers and polymers were analyzed by elemental analysis; IR, H-1, C-13 and P-31 NMR spectra. The number average molecular weight, M-n, mass average molecular-weight, M. and polydispersity index values of compounds 3 and 4 were found to be 722 967 g mol(-1), 755 005 g mol(-1) and 1.044 g mol(-1) and 557 448 g mol(-1), 699 315 g mol(-1) and 1.25, respectively. TG data was shown to be stable of compound 4 against thermo-oxidative decomposition. The weight loss of compound 4 was found to be 50% at 500 degrees C- and 34% at 800 degrees C, respectively. The antimicrobial activities of the monomers and polymer have been screened in vitro against the organisms Escherichia coli ATCC 11230, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Klebsiella pneumoniae UC57, Micrococcus luteus La 297 1, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 8427, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Mycobacterium-smegmatis CCM 2067, Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 15313, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Kluyverom fragilis NRRL 2415, Rhodotorula rubra DSM 70403, Hanseniaspora guilliermondii DSM 3432 and Debaryomyces hansenii DSM, 70238. It is observed that the polymer has pronouned effect on the microbial activities of the monomer. The polymer has higher antimicrobial effect than the monomer.