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    Antibiotic resistance pattern and spa types of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from food business and hospital kitchen employees in Canakkale, Turkey
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2019) Cakici, Nesrin; Alper Akçalı; Demirel Zorba, Nukhet Nilufer
    Background/aim: The aim of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance profiles and spa types of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from food business employees in Canakkale, Turkey. Materials and methods: S. aureus isolates were collected from hand and nasal swabs of 300 individuals working in 17 food businesses and 9 hospital kitchens. All S. aureus isolates obtained from each carrier were typed by staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing method. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of MRSA were performed by sequencing method. Results: Of the 300 individuals, 125 (41.6%) were found to be carriers of S. aureus, 215 isolates of which were obtained in total. Three (1.4%) of 215 isolates were identified as MRSA. Sixty spa types were identified among the 121 MSSA isolates, the most common being t084 (9%). A novel spa type was discerned and added to the Ridom SpaServer database as t14963. The MIST type of the MRSA strains identified as spa type t786 was ST88 and as spa type t223 was ST22. All MRSA were determined to be SCCmec type IVa. Conclusion: spa typing can be performed to screen for transmission of S. aureus. t786, ST88, and SCCmec IVa MRSA strains were identified for the first time in Turkey.
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    Öğe
    DETERMINATION OF MYCOBIOTA AND MICROBIAL LOADS OF GRAPES GROWN IN BOZCAADA, TURKEY
    (Slovak Univ Agriculture Nitra, 2020) Ozcan Ates, Gulcin; Demirel Zorba, Nukhet Nilufer
    Bozcaada which is a province of Canakkale, Turkey, is located between the 39 degrees 48 north parallel and 26 degrees east meridians. The largest livelihood of Bozcaada is viticulture. Therefore, in our study, microbial load, and mould diversity of the Cavus (table) and Karalahna (wine) grapes which are endemic to the island were evaluated, and ochratoxin production potentials of Aspergillus isolates were investigated by HPLC. A total of 6 vineyards with Cavus and Karalahna grapes were sampled in 2015 and 2016. Total aerobic mesophilic bacteria count of grapes ranged between 0.00 and 4.21 log CFU/g, yeast load between 0.00 and 2.66 log CFU/ g and mould load between 1.67 and 3.20 log CFU/g. A total of 2264 mould isolates were taken from samples. All isolates were identified at the genus level. Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. were the most isolated species in 2015, while Alternaria spp. and Cladosporium spp. were the most isolated species in 2016. It was determined that 13.78% (312) of the isolates were Aspergillus spp., 54 of these isolates, have been selected and identified at the species level. Twenty-one of the black Aspergillus isolates were identified as A. niger / A. acidus, twenty-four of them were A. carbonarius and one of them is A. ibericus. The two white isolates were found to be A. candidus, the creamy brownish-spore forming isolate was A. terreus, and three green isolates were identified as A. flavus, A. calidoustus and A. sydowii. Six isolates (4 A. niger, 1 A. calidoustus, and 1 A. sydowii) were producing OTA. The amounts of ochratoxins varied from 0.80 to 74.01 ng/g.